With the age increasing,the lobules in women's breasts undergo progressive involution or regression,which is called age-related lobular involution.It's a physiologic and irreversible process,while the rate and extent of involution vary considerably among individual women.It has been hypothesized that the extent of age-related lobular involution is strongly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer,and there are some associations between lobular involution and risk factors of breast cancer.

Objective To study the antiviral effects of SJ-GAG on herpes simplex virus Ⅰ(HSV-Ⅰ) in vitro as well as its protective effect on infected mice.Methods The Vero cells were exposed to HSV-Ⅰ SM44 and different concentrations of SJ-GAG,respectively.Cytopathic effect(CPE) was observed and qunatitative PCR was used to evaluate the antiviral effect of SJ-GAG.In vivo experiment,the mice were infected with HSV1 intracranial vaccination and followed SJ-GAG intragastric administration 4h later to test the protection of SJ-GAG on HSV1 infected mice.Results When the concentration of SJ-GAG was above 1.6mg?mL-1,it showed cytotoxicity.When the concentration was among 0.25～0.2mg?mL-1,it expressed marked antiviral effect without cytotoxicity.SJ-GAG could prolong the survival duration of infected mice and decrease the mortality rate significantly.The protection of SJ-GAG showed a dose-effect relationship.Conclusion SJ-GAG has antiviral effect and shows some protective effect on HSV-1 infected mice.

Objective To illustrate more accurately the feasibility of DNA barcode technology in species identification in different geographical areas.Methods Four plague host animals were selected from three plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia for DNA barcode comparison,GC base content,codon preference and genetic distance calculation,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results Compared between different foci of A llactaga sibirica,the difference of base content was statistically significant (F =5.34,P ＜ 0.05);the variation of Meriones unguiculatus focus Allactaga sibirica base content was larger,and compared with other foci Allactaga sibirica,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Different foci between one species rarely exist in codon sites.The genetic distance of intraspecific was less than 1％,and the genetic distance of interspecific was more than 18％.Conclusions DNA barcode of each species is specific,with no interspecific species sharing,and does not change with geographical position.Molecular identification of plague host animal is effective by DNA barcode.

Objective To determine a method for amplification of cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ (CO Ⅰ) gene of Brandt's vole.Methods 发he Brandt's Voles were captured in Abagaqi Xilingol League Inner Mongolia,and DNA was extracted from liver tissue.CO Ⅰ gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced afterwards.Results A band of 657 bp and 1 132 bp was amplified by internal and external PCR primers,respectively,which were consistent with expected sizes.A total of 12 segments of Brandt's Vole CO Ⅰ gene sequences were amplified by PCR and verified by sequencing.一he sequence number was KF182196-KF182207 in GenBank.After gene sequence alignment of the 12 CO Ⅰ gene sequences,it was found that the similarity was 100％,and no base mutation.Conclusion CO Ⅰ gene of Brandt's Vole could be amplified by nested PCR without pseudo gene.

Objective: Methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris system was used to express recombinant human soluble 4 1BBL protein with biological activity. Methods: According to the nuclear acid sequence coding human soluble 4 1BBL, we cloned the genes with PCR from XG 4 1BBL transfection cell line,then the gene fragment for extracellar domain was subcloned into the PUCm T vector and sequence of s4 1BBL cDNA was confirmed by sequencing. The s4 1BBL gene was inserted into the pPICZ?A , which was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by linearized electroportion.The recombinant protein was identified by the assay of SDS PAGE and Western blot. Costimulating activity of rhs4 1BBL on T cell proliferation in vitro was evidenced by 3 H TdR incorporation assay. Results: The s4 1BBL cDNA was successfully obtained and insected into pPICZ?A. The protein molecular weight of hs4 1BBL in the yeast supernamant was about 21 kD by SDS PAGE analyses,and the specificitity was identified by western blot. Finally, rhs4 1BBL protein could costimulate the proliferation of T cells in vitro. Conclusion: The rhs4 1BBL protein was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115)and showed natural biological activities. And it may provide a valuable materials for further study of 4 1BB/4 1BBL.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of thethymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms inChinese femaleHan-nationality breast cancer patients,including tandemrepeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region ( ER), 6 bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′untranslated region (3′-UTR) and G→C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The association of TS gene polymorphism with pathological results was retrospectively analyzed.MethodsThis study included 83 breast cancer patients who received no preoperative chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TS, ER and TS 3′2UTR were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results ( 1 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 3R/3 R, 2R/3 R and 2R/2R were 68.7％ ,27. 7％ and 3. 6％, respectively; (2) Due to existence of the G→C single nucleotide polymorphism,TSER genotypes were divided into 2R/2R, 2R/3C, 2R/3G, 3G/3G,3C/3C and 3G/3C,their frequencies were 3. 6％, 19. 3％, 8.4％, 19. 3％, 37. 3％ and 12. 1％, respectively; ( 3 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TS 3′-UTR ins6/ias6、ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 8.4％ 、50.6％ and 41.0％, respectively; (4) TSER polymorphisms were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.019 ),Ki67 ( P = 0.022 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.042 ). The TS 3′-UTR polymorphisms were correlated with age ( P = 0.002) and histological grade (P = 0.042). G→C SNP were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.021 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.028 ).ConclusionsChinese female Han-nationality breast cancer patients have more genotypes frequencies of the TSER 3R/3R and 3′-UTR del6/del6; The TS polymorphisms are correlated with pathological factors of breast cancer.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Zeste homolog enhancer 2 (EZH2) gene and the risk of breast cancer.Methods:Recruiting 1 039 breast cancer patients and 1 040 controls at 22 referral hospitals nationwide in China, the genotype distribution of 3 SNPs loci of EZH2 genes was observed to detect the correlation between different genotypes and the risk of breast cancer genotypes EZH2 expression in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed using breast cancer data from the database.Results:EZH2 rs6464926 CC genotype was compared with TT genotype (TT vs. CC: OR=1.362, 95% CI: 1.063-1.746, P=0.015) and dominant model (TC+TT vs .CC: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.004-1.483, P=0.045) .In women with BMI ≥24 kg/m 2, the TC genotype ( P=0.050), TT genotype ( P=0.025) and dominant model (TC+TT, P=0.021) of rs6464926 locus were significantly different from CC genotype in cancer risk. rs6464926 was correlated with EZH2 gene expression ( P=6.89E-47). EZH2 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and patients with high expression were associated with shorter OS ( HR=1.27, P=0.013), DMFS ( HR=1.37, P<0.01), and RFS ( HR=1.44, P<0.01). Conclusions:The polymorphism rs6464926 of EZH2 gene is associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women. rs6464926 might regulate breast cancer risk and prognosis by changing EZH2 expression.

Objective To analyze clinicopathological characteristics and the potential risk-related factors of female breast hyperplasia in different age groups.Method From Jan 2015 to Dec 2016,patients diagnosed with breast hyperplasia in 12 hospitals were evaluated.All patients completed the self-designed questionnaires on women'health,including basic demographic information,clinic examination information,radiologic information and pathologic results.The patients were divided into a young group (＜ 45 years old) and an elderly group (from 45 to 75 years old).Results There were 3 684 cases of breast hyperplasia,including 2 291 cases in young group and 1 393 cases in elder group,respectively Clinically breast pain type were most commonly observed in both young and older groups (50.3％ vs.42.7％,P ＜ 0.001).While pathological research based on biopsy showed that breast adenopathy were the most common changes in both groups (67.9％ vs.61.7％,P ＜0.001).More breast cancer cases were identified in elder group than that in young group,especially in clinically lump type patients (9.4％ vs.4.2％,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with elder group,patients in young group have different distribution characteristics regarding to fertility factors,lifestyle factors and psychology scale including anxiety and depression.Conclusion Distributions of clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of female breast hyperplasia differ across different age groups.

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors among females over the past several years. Breast carcinogenesis is a continuous process, which is featured by the normal epithelium progressing to premalignant lesions and then to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Targeting premalignant lesions is an effective strategy to prevent breast cancer. The establishment of animal models is critical to study the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis, which will facilitate research on breast cancer prevention and drug behaviors. In this study, we established a feasible chemically-induced rat model of premalignant breast cancer.

METHODSFollowing the administration of the drugs (carcinogen, estrogen, and progestogen) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, tumors or suspicious tumors were identified by palpation or ultrasound imaging, and were surgically excised for pathological evaluation. A series of four consecutive steps were carried out in order to determine the carcinogen: 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, the route of carcinogen administration, the administration period of estrogen and progestogen, and the DMBA dosage.

RESULTSStable premalignant lesions can be induced in SD rats on administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg, administered three times) followed by administration of female hormones 5-day cycle.

RESULTSwere confirmed by ultrasound and palpation.

CONCLUSIONUnder the premise of drug dose and cycle, DMBA combined with estrogen and progestogen can be used as a SD rat model for breast premalignant lesions.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Breast Diseases ; chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley