Acute Disease ; Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; etiology ; microbiology ; virology

Animals ; Arteritis ; complications ; immunology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid,teicoplanin and vancomycin in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS:120 patients diagnosed as hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia were divided into linezolid group,teicoplanin group and vancomycin group according to therapeutic regimen,with 40 cases in each group. Linezolid group received Linezolid injection 600 mg,ivgtt,bid;teicoplanin group received Teicoplanin injection 0.4 g,ivgtt,bid;vancomycin group received Vancomycin injection 1 000 mg,bid,ivgtt. 3 groups received 2 weeks of treatment. Clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance effective rate of 3 groups were observed as well as serum levels of inflammatory factors before and after treatment. ADR of 3 groups were compared. RESULTS:The clinical effective rates of linezolid group,teicoplanin group and vancomycin group were 90.0%,72.5% and 67.5%;the effective bacterial clearance rates were 85.0%,60.0% and 57.5%,respectively. The clinical effective rate and the effective bacterial clearance rate in linezolid group were significantly higher than those in teicoplanin group and vancomycin group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in above indexes between teicoplanin group and vancomycin group (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance serum inflammatory factors among 3 groups before treatment (P>0.05). CRP and PCT of 3 groups de-creased significantly after treatment,and those of linezolid group were lower than teicoplanin group and vancomycin group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in serum inflammatory factors between teicoplanin group and vancomycin group before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia,linezolid is better than teicoplanin and vancomycin in pneumonia control with good safety.

Objective To discuss the utilization of signs of a proper depth of ablation during transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical records of 616 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Preoperative color ultrasonography revealed a co-morbidity of prostatic calcification in 310 cases. A total of 156 cases also had vesical calculi and 23 cases complicated tumors of the bladder. On the performance of TUVP, once a co-morbidity of prostatic calculus or a “slipping phenomenon” during mechanical operation was observed, the ablation was stopped. Results The operative time was 30~120 min (mean, 75 min). During the surgery, preoperatively diagnosed prostatic calcification in the 310 cases was confirmed as prostatic calculus, and in the remaining 306 cases prostatic calculus was also found. Vesical perforation occurred during the surgery in 1 case. No urethrorectal fistula or transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome happened. Follow-up observations were conducted for 3~6 months (mean, 4.5 months) in 325 cases. The maximal flow rate (Qmax) was elevated from 6.5~8.5 ml/s to 8~22 ml/s. The residual urine volume (RU) decreased from 70~150 ml to 0~10 ml, and the International Prostate Symptom Scores (I-PSS), from 19~24.5 to 0~7. Of 138 cases of vesical calculus and 23 cases of bladder tumor, no recurrence was noted. Conclusions Prostatic calculus and the “slipping phenomenon” indicate a proper depth of ablation during transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate.

This review largely deals with the peptide toxins elaborated by marine cone snails of the genus Conus . Each species of Conus contains in its venom 50 to 200 different peptides directed at different macromolecular targts. These include competitive antagonists of postsynaptic nicotinic receptors (a-conotoxins), blockers selective for Na+ channels in skeletal muscle (u- conotoxins), blockers of presynaptic of antagonists of postsynaptic Ca2+ channels (w-conotoxins), activators of Na+ channels (s-conotoxins), blockers of K+ channels (k-conotoxins), blockers of nicotinic receptor channels (u-conotoxins) and antagonists of NMDA receptors (cono-sleeper).The small size of the peptides (13 to 30 residues is typical) has facilitated synthesis of many of them. A very attractive feature is the highly cross-linked conserved 2 to 3 disulfide bonds which make conotoxins conformationally rigid, some of conotoxins, however, are stabilized by r-carboxyglutamates. The Structure-Activity Relationships of conotoxins and a brief perspective have been reviewed in the paper.

Objective To study the molecular biology of rifampin-depending M. Tuberculosis. Methods The seguence (a 319-bp DNA fragment) of rpoB gene were analyzed by automated DNA sequencing machine. (2) The fingerprints of genomic DNA were obtained by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. (3)The protein electrophoresis of bacterium by SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAG).(4) The cases of pulmonary tuberculosis by rifampin-depending strains were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) rpoB gene sequenced: The point mutationrate of rifampin-depending strainswas 96.7%(29/30) and that of rifampin-residtant strains 81.1%(30/37), P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Young Adult

Objective To study the efficiacy and safety of transfacet approach decompression to treat thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression.Methods Thirty-three patients with thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression were treated in our institution from April 2005 to April 2009.Nineteen patients with more than 12 months follow-up were included in this study.Among of them,10 were male and 9 were female,with the age ranged from 33 to 77 years(mean,55.9 years).The causes of compression for spinal stenosis included ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)in 5 cases,thoracic disc herniation(TDH)in 11 cases,OPLL with ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF)in 2 cases and TDH with OLF in 1 case.All patients underwent anterior decompression via a transfacet approach combined with anterior fusion and posterior fixation.The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score system and Nurick Myelopathy grade were used to evaluate the outcomes.Results The operation time ranged from 180 to 480 min,with an average of 299.5 min and the blood loss was varied from 250 to 2200 ml,with an average of 918.5 ml.Among 7 cases with OPLL(including combined with OLF),2 patients developed neurologic deterioration and 1 patient developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage.There were no neurologic deterioration,cerebrospinal fluid leakage and other complications occurred in 12 cases with TDH(including combined with OLF).The follow-up ranged from 12 to 54 months(mean,28.6 months).The preoperative JOA score ranged from 2 to 11(mean,6.3).The JOA score in the last follow-up ranged from 5 to 11(mean,8.6).According to Nurick Myelopathy grade,the preoperative grade was 0 in 2 cases,1 in 2,2 in 4,3 in 5,4 in 2,and 5 in 4.The number of postoperative grade was 6,6,3,3,1 and 0 respectively.Conclusion Satisfactory decompression could be achieved by using transfacet approach for thoracic spinal stenosis caused by anterior compression.The approach is a safe and promising alternative for thoracic spinal anterior decompression.

Objective To analyze the ischemia degree of initial electrocardiogram in the patients of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and investigate its value in the predicting cardiogenic shock (CS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Three hundred and ninety patients with STEMI from the onset of symptoms to admission within 12 h were divided into two groups based on grade Ⅱ ischemia (group A,248 cases) or grade Ⅲ ischemia (group B,142 cases) in the initial electrocardiogram.Clinical data,TIMI risk score,ST-segment resolution (STR),CS and cardiovascular events (hospital mortality,ventricular arrhythmias,reinfarction) were recorded in all patients.Results The gender,time from onset to balloon opening,smoking,hypertension,type 2 diabetes,hyperlipidemia,stroke,postoperative TIMI flow 3 grade,coronary artery lesions and lesions in the left main stem between two groups was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).In group B,the rate of ST segment resolution ＞ 50％ was significantly lower than that in group A [53.2％ (132/248) vs.29.6％ (42/142)] (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of CS,in-hospital death,malignant ventricular arrhythmias in group B was higher than that in group A,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The age,left ventricular ejection fraction,TIMI risk score ＞ 3 points,Killip grade ＞ 1 grade,anterior myocardial infarction between two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The indicators that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were included into Logistic regression model and analyzed,with CS-related factors as independent variables and CS as the dependent variable and found that age (P =0.008),Killip class ＞ 1 grade (P =0.049),ST segment resolution rate (P =0.008) and grade Ⅲ ischemia (P =0.001) as independent predictors of CS after PCI.Conclusions Grade Ⅲ ischemia is an independent predictor of CS after PCI in STEMI patients.And it has predictive value for hospital mortality and ventricular arrhythmias.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether pre-administration of Ganoderma lucidum spore (GASP) can reduce incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pregnant mice. METHODS: Twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, solvent-treated group, ATRA-induced group, and GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group. GASP solution, which was prepared with solvent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), was fed to the pregnant mice in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group twice a day from embryo (E) 0 d to E10.5 d. The same dose of solvent was given to the pregnant mice in the solvent-treated group. At E7.75 d, ATRA (50 mg/kg) was given to the pregnant mice in both ATRA-induced group and GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group for single time. Embryos were sampled from pregnant mice at E10.5 d. Then the incidence rate of NTDs in mouse embryo was calculated and the crown-rump length of mouse embryo was measured. The positive rate of nestin expression and the distribution of cell cycle of embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells were detected by histochemical staining technique and flow cytometry respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the gene expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cdk4 mRNAs. RESULTS: The incidence rates of NTDs in mouse embryos in the ATRA-induced group and the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group were 79.41% and 21.67% respectively, while the crown-rump length of mouse embryos in these two groups were (3.62+/-1.27) mm and (5.84+/-0.92) mm respectively. The positive rate of nestin expression in embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells of mouse embryo at E10.5 d in the ATRA-induced group was 32.44%, while that in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group was 77.65%. The cell cycle of embryonic neural tube neuroepithelial cells was obviously arrested at G(0)/G(1) phase in the ATRA-induced group as compared with that in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group. The Cdk4 mRNA was transcripted at a high level in embryonic neural tube in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group, but the Cdk2 mRNA was not detected in this group. CONCLUSION: Pre-administration of GASP can reduce the incidence of NTDs induced by ATRA in pregnant mice.