The cover letters from 123 affiliated medical institutes in 57 Universities were selected.The departments giving cover letters or signing and the contents of academic standard in the cover letters were summarized and analyzed. It found that the departments were not unified and the contents of the academic standard were little. The same standard was deficient about violation of the academic standard in manuscripts. In this paper it was proposed that the Universities should make standard for the cover letters from their affiliated medical institutes. It could decrease the violation of the academic standard.

Objective: Batten disease (BD), the juvenile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs), is pathological characterized by finding lysosomal storage of autofluorescent lipofuscins with unique ultrastructural profiles. The gene underlying BD is designated CLN3 and encodes a protein, Battenin, of unknown function that localizes in lysosomes and/or mitochondria. Previously, we hypothesized that Battenin associates with other membrane protein(s) to form a membrane complex. Dysfunction of this complex could result in the pathological changes of BD, and possibly in other NCLs. Two such membranous proteins, the slow and fast Battenin-interactive proteins (BIPs and BIPf) of unknown functions, have been identified. In this study, we have characterized the functional domains of Battenin that interact with both BIP proteins. Methods: Protein-protein interactions with a yeast two-hybrid system were employed. A "deletion assay" was employed to localize the interactive segment(s). Different lengths of cDNA sequences lacking exon 1-5 were used to express CLN3-encoded proteins lacking N-terminal segments in the yeast two-hybrid system. N-terminal exons of CLN3 were deleted with PCR-cloning strategies.Results: We eliminated the possibility of interacting domains from the exon 7-encoded region because both Battenin and mBattenin interact with the BIP proteins. We have shown that peptide sequences encoded by exons 2 and 4 of CLN3 gene include the functional domains by which Battenin interacts with the BIP proteins. Conclusion: Our studies provide evidence that the N-terminus of Battenin is the functional domain for these protein interactions.

Objective　To observe the change of lipidemia and lipoprotein in wistar rats with fluorosis.Methods　14 wistar rats were fed normal food with hyper concentration of NaF water (100 mg/L) for six months,the TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI APO B and AI,R-CHE were measured in serum.Results　The result show that there are an increace of T C,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,APO AI，APO B and AI,R-CHD compared with normal rats (P <0.05).Conclusions　The result indicate that the fluorosis can increase the lipidemia and lipoprotein in rats with fluorosis and lead to athero selerosis.

Apgar Score ; Autopsy ; Fatal Outcome ; Heart Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myxoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Rare Diseases ; Ultrasonography

0.05) after the training,while for the students of control group,the levels of IAP and Npt increased significantly after the training(P

To study the anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizin acid, ligustrazine and puerarin. In the study, the liquichip-based high-throughput synchronous detection technique for 23 inflammatory factors, uniform design, comprehensive weight method were adopted to study the effect of different combined administration of glycyrrhizin acid, ligustrazine and puerarin in inhibiting the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264. 7 cells and multiple inflammatory cytokines. In the study, the uniform design table U₉ (9³) was adopted to design doses of glycyrrhizin acid, ligustrazine and puerarin. The liquichip technique was used to detect the effect of different combined administration of glycyrrhizin acid, ligustrazine and puerarin on the 23 cytokines expressed in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW264. 7 inflammation model. The traditional Chinese medicine component optimization software and the improved least angle regression algorithm were used to analyze the dose-effect relationship among the three components and the cytokine inhibition rate and produce the regression equation. The comprehensive weight method was applied to get the optimal dose ratio of glycyrrhizic acid, ligustrazine and puerarin with highest efficacy of 25:2:13 and verify the optimal dose ratio. The verification results were consistent with the prediction trend, indicating the accuracy of the mathematical model for predicting the experiment. The experimental results showed the multi-target and multi-level efficacies of glycyrrhizic acid, ligustrazine and puerarin and the high anti-inflammatory activity of their combined administration, which provides powerful basis for subsequent drug development.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; immunology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the concentration of epithelial cell derived neutrophil-activating protein 78(CXCL-5) in the sy-(novial) fluid(SF) and peripheral blood in children with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and evaluate its clinical relevance to the disease development.Methods SF and peripheral sera were taken from 26 children with RA and 16 healthy controls,and CXCL-5 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).CXCL-5 in SF was also measured in RA children after receiving steroid treatment.Results The levels of CXCL-5 was significantly higher than that in the SF of RA children compared with healthy controls(P0.05).Interestingly,CXCL-5 markedly decreased in RA children after steroid treatment(P

Tricholoma giganteum is a famous species product of Jishou in the wes t of Hunan.It have not only special biological characteristics such as formatio n and ecological enviromment,but also delicious,fragrant with abundant nutrien t.It's mycelium can be isolated and growing well in medium,but its fruiting bo dy is difficult to be formed.

Aged ; Animals ; Diabetes Complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmoplegia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ; diagnosis