This study presented a systematic observation on the human peripheral nerves by Karnovsky histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Some major nerve trunks and their branches from twenty upper limbs, a part of the muscular and cutaneous nerves of the lower limbs, and the ventral and dorsal roots and the gray communicating rami of C_7 from six human cadavers were obtained within 3 hours postmorten for this study. In the sensory nerve fascicles, the myelinated axons failed to react and the unmyelinated fibres showed strong enzymatic activity. In the motor nerve fascicles, 58% of the myelinated axons showed enzymatic activity, while the unmyelinated fibres which showed strong enzymatic activity, were much less than those in the sensory nerve fascicles. 87% of the myelinated axons in the ventral roots from the C_7 showed morphologically the same enzymatic activity as those in the motor nerve fascicles. The myelinated axons failed to show an enzymatic activity and the unmyelinated fibres showed very slight enzymatic activity in the dorsal roots. A strong enzymatic activity was shown in the gray communicating rami. Thus it is clear that both myelinated and unmyelinated fibres show different enzymatic activities in the motor and sensory nerve fascicles, and that those myelinated fibres showing enzymatic activity originate from the ventral roots and the unmyelinated fibres showing strong enzymatic activity originate from the gray communicating rami.

Objective To investigate the infection status and drug resistance of mycoplasmal in genitourinary tract of patients with mycoplasma infection. Methods The integration kit was adopted to perform mycoplasma culture, identification and drug sensitivity test for species from 632 patients with mycoplasma infection. Results Of all 632 patients, 285 cases were with myeoplasma infection, in which 200 cases (31.65%) were Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) positive, 33 cases (5.22%) were my- eoplasam hominis (Mh) positive, and 52 cases (8. 23%) were with mixed infection of Uu and Mh. The simple Uu infection had lower drug resistance against four antibiotics such as josamyein, doxycye- line, pristinamyein and elarithromycin, 2.00%, 2.50%, 4.00% and 13.00% respectively. However, it had higher drug resistance against ofloxaein and ciprofloxacin, 70. 50% and 69. 50% respectively. The resistance rate of Mh infection as well as mixed infection of Uu and Mh was much higher than that of simple Uu infection. Conclusion The detection and drug sensitivity monitoring of mycoplasma play an important role in guiding clinical treatment and controlling the production of drug resistant strains.

China ; Humans ; Xerostomia ; classification

Objective To investigate the influence of peer education on maintenance knowledge of patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) outside the hospital.Methods 74 patients with PICC were divided into the intervention group and the control group with 37 patients in each group according to the random digit table,the intervention group received peer education and the conventional health education,while the control group only received routine health education.The maintenance knowledge of PICC was investigated with questionnaires and the results were analyzed.Results xfter intervention,the maintenance knowledge of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(36.95±2.84) scores vs.(31.78 ± 4.79) scores,t=5.639,P＜0.05].The incidence rate of complications in the intervention group was lower than that of the control group [21.6％ (8/37) vs.62.2％(23/37),x2=12.491,P＜0.01].Conclusions The peer education can improve patients' maintenance knowledge about PICC and reduce the occurrence rate of the complications of PICC.

Objective To evaluate the effect of single injection of low dose zoledronic acid on bone resorption.Methods332 menopausal patients with bone deficiency treated in our hospital were selected.The patients were treated with zoledronic acid 1mg (1mg group), 2.5mg treatment group (2.5mg group), 5mg treatment group (5 mg group) and placebo treatment group (control group), each group of 83 patients.The patients of 1mg group, 2.5mg group and 5 mg group were treated with 1mg, 2.5mg and 5mg zoledronic acid alone.The patients in the control group were given intravenous infusion of placebo.Evaluated the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months in the four groups.The bone metabolic criteria included t β-Cterminal-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP).ResultsThe Lumbar spine BMD and the Total hip BMD were significantly higher in 1mg group than baseline value and Simultaneous valueand in the control group (P<0.05), The difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The values at 8 and 24 months decreased gradually.The value was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with the control group, There were no statistically significant difference compared with the simultaneous value in control group.The lumbar BMD and the total hip BMD in 2.5mg and 5mg groups were significantly lower than the baseline values during the whole trial period (all P<0.05).The trend of β-CTX and P1NP was similar to that of BMD in each group.ConclusionIntravenous injection of 1 mg and 2.5 mg of zoledronic acid produces anti-bone resorption that can last for at least 1 year.After one year of treatment, The effect of single injection of 2.5 mg of zoledronic acid on bone is similar to that of single injection of 5 mg zoledronic acid.1 mg zoledronic acid produced by anti-bone resorption can last for 12 months, and then slowly disappear.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; therapy ; Silicosis ; complications ; therapy

Objective To observe the effect of Naoling decoction on the expression of iNOS in hippocamal CA3 region in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods Forty SD rats were classified into 5 groups: a normal group, a sham operated group, an AD group, a Naoling decoction group, and a Naofukang group. The Alzheimer's disease model was established by injecting Aβ1-42 into the hippocamal in the rats. Expression of iNOS in the CA3 region was measured with immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the normal group, the expression of iNOS protein in the hippocampal CA3 fields in the AD group increased (P<0.05). Naoling decoction decreased the iNOS expression. Conclusion Naoling decoction can significantly reduce the expression of iNOS in the AD model rats, suggesting that Naoling decoction can be used for AD rats.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regulations of antibacterials-induced adverse drug reactions (ADR) in our hospital,and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use. METHODS:233 patients with antibacterials-in-duced ADR in our hospital from Oct. 2013 to Jun. 2015 were selected and analyzed statistically according to patient's age and gen-der,route of administration,the type of antibacterials,occurrence time,organs/systems involved in ADR,etc. RESULTS:There were a large number of ADR in patients age ≤18 and ≥70 years,accounting for 19.3% and 18.5%;the male was more than the female;the incidence of ADR induced by intravenous route was the highest,accounting for 94.0%. Most of ADR was caused by cephalosporins,accounting for 33.9%;ADR often occurred within 1 d after medication,accounting for 63.9%;lesion of skin and its appendants injury was main ADR,accounting for 39.3%. CONCLUSIONS:Adhere to theclear indications,a detailed inqui-ry about allergy history before drug use,right dose,suitable route of administration and course,and timely ADR disposal can re-duce the damage caused by ADR.

Objective To evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects of the open prostatectomy(OP)?transurethral electrovaporization ablation prostatectomy (TUEVAP) and interstitial laser coagulation(ILC) for the treatments of symptomatic BPH. Methods 282 symptomatic BPH patients randomly underwent OP (n=98)?TUEVAP(n=91) or ILC(n=93) respectively and the therapeutic effects were evaluated. Results There are significant improvements in symptoms and physical signs in each group after the procedure.The average catheterization time following OP?TUEVAP and ILC was 185 h?76 h and 362 h,the immediate morbidity rate being 28.9%?16.7%? 14.8 % and the retreatment rate 1.0%?6.6% and 16.1% respectively. OP group showed the longest average operative time and the most blood loss both of which were the least in ILC group. Conclusions OP is the most effective of the three procedures, but the trauma to the patient is the most.The therapeutic effect of TUEVAP is similar to OP's,with less injure.ILC is the easiest and safest procedure with the least side effects.

Objective To study the biological behavior of silicon nanoparticles in penetrating the blood-prostate barrier. Methods Silicon nanoparticles were prepared by means of chemical procedures.The silicon nanoparticles were added into HT1080 cells and cultured for 48 h to observe the distribution of nanoparticles in the cells.The nanosuspension at gradient concentration (0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025 ml/g)was injected into 100 mice (20 mice of each group) intraperitoneally or via tail vein to study the distribution of nanoparticles in the prostate.Additional 20 mice served as controls.The mortality and toxic reaction at 2 weeks after injection were also recorded. Results Electronic microscopy confirmed the penetration of silicon nanoparticles into HT1080 cells,the prostate gland and interstitial tissue,with intracellular ultrastructure intact.There was no significant difference in body weight,diet,defecation and activities among the 5 treatment groups and control group. Conclusions Silicon nanoparticles can overcome the obstruction of drug transportation by blood-prostate barrier or other biomembranes and thus may be promising as a drug carrier in treatment of prostate diseases.