Aorta, Abdominal ; injuries ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; methods ; Humans ; Mesenteric Veins ; injuries ; Splenic Diseases ; therapy ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; injuries

In this paper, further study was made on the teratogenicity and the morphological teratogenesis mechanism of neural tube defects (NTD) caused by cyclophosphamide(CP). Pregnant SD rats were given single intraperitoneal injection of CP 15 mg/kg on day 13 of gestation. The fetuses were removed on day 20 of gestation, weighed and examined for external malformations. Some embryos were removed respectively at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hr after administration of CP, and examined with light microscope and electron microscope. The results showed that CP has obvious embryotoxie and teratogenic effects. Of the survivings, 97.46％ showed external malformations including encephalocele, exencephaly, opened eyes, micrognathia, limb and digital defects etc. We considered that the possible way by which CP caused the malformation on developing embryos may involve the following aspects: (1) CP caused DNA-synthesising cells to degenerate and become necrosis. (2) The cellular organelle (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, etc.) became irregular in shape and fragmented. (3) The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube were also damaged by CP and therefore influenced the skull ossification.

Objective To investigate the symptoms of diarrhea and the behavior of medical treatment after diarrhea in 2013 in Tianjin City, and provid background information for the future population monitoring. Methods A stratified sam?pling method was used to investigate the symptoms, medical treatment and self medication behavior of 4028 residents in Tianjin. Results The number of people who had diarrhea in 2013 was 324, and the incidence rate of diarrhea was 8.04%. Diarrhea was mainly occurred in May-October (n=241, 74.38%). The incidence of diarrhea was the highest in 60-74 years old group, followed by 75-years old and 0-14 years old groups. The incidence of diarrhea was the lowest in 15-29 years old grouop. A total of 121 patients with diarrhea chose to go to hospital (47.08%), 78 patients chose to buy medicine for treat?ment (30.35%) and 58 patients did not do any disposal (22.57%). Among the patients with diarrhea, the highest proportion of patients chose to go to the first grade and the following medical institutions (68.59%, 83/121). There were 14.05%(17/121) and 17.36%(21/121) patients chose to go to the second and the third levels of medical institutions for the treatment. The av?erage cost for patients with diarrhea was 60 (20, 200) yuan. The purchasing expenditure median was 20 (11,50) yuan. The medical spending was more than the purchase of medicines (Z=2.412, P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was more higher in the second and the third levels of medical institutions than that of the first medical institution ( Z=50.709,P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was in turn increased for patients with diarrhea treated in Baodi county, Xiqing county, Hangu county and Heping county (Z=74.282,P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in medical expenses be?tween patients with different ages and patient with or without medical insurance. Conclusion There are high incidence of diarrhea in patients under 15 years old and patients over 60 years old. Residents suffering from diarrhea mainly choose their own medicine and the treatment in the first and following medical institutions.

Phage peptide libraries are collections of the specific length of short peptides,and they are based on phages as their carriers.They include mimotope libraries and peptide antibody libraries.Phage-displayed peptide libraries have been used to isolate specific ligands for numerous protein targets,and they have been proven useful in defining antigen momitopes,rapid determination of binding energetics at protein-protein interfaces,designing of vaccine and tumor research aspects.This review summarized the research progression of phage peptide library.

Objective To explore the safety,efficacy and clinical significance of stenting with cerebral protection devices for carotid artery stenosis.Methods 14 patients with carotid artery stenosis were treated by intra-arterial stents implanted.All of them used cerebral protection of filter devices.Results 18 self-expandable stents were successfully implanted in 14 patients.Of them,stroke ictus caused by microemboli in 2 patients ,and they recovered after treatment for 1~3 d,6 patients had transient bradycardia and hypotension.No cerebral infarction could be seen in all cases during the follow-up period.Conclusion Carotid setenting with cerebral protection devices is an effective and safe method in treating carotid stenosis,and it is helpful to reduce the neurological complication.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide ( DCP) on liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups, namely normal control group, model group, glucurolactone group (in the dosage of 200 mg·kg-1·d-1), and high-, middle- and low-dose DCP groups ( in the dosage of 600, 400, 200 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively). Except for the normal control group, the rats in the other groups were given intragastric administration of isoniazid and rifampicin ( 100 mg/kg) to induce liver injury model, and were simultaneously treated with corresponding agents, once a day. On the experiment day 30, the blood and liver tissue were sampled. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) and microsomal nitric oxide ( NO) were detected by biochemical method. The contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in liver tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , and the hepatic histopathology was observed after HE staining. Results In DCP groups, the hepatic pathological changes of the mice were improved, the number of the inflammatory cells was reduced, and the activities of serum ALT, AST and AKP as well as the contents of hepatic TNF-α, IL-6 and NO were reduced ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those in the model group). Conclusion Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide is effective for liver injury induced by antituberculosis drug, and the mechanism may be associated with its anti-inflammatory action.

In order to evaluate the overall situation of projects granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the 11th five-year plan period,the data about applications and approved NSFC projects at Cancer Institute and Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CIH CAMS) were analyzed and compared with those of the 10th five-year plan period.It showed that the number of granted NSFC projects increased and the structure of program type maintained during the 11th five-year plan period.The program researchers were younger and had better education background.The quality and quantity of both the General Program projects and Young Scientists Fund projects were at high level.

Objective: To investigate health equity status of the elderly with different socioeconomic status(SES)and provide basis for health promotion. Methods:The data of 2011-2012 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey was used to analyze health equity of the elderly with different SES. Results: There is an inverse socioeconomic gradient in self-evaluation of ill health and the prevalence of activity of daily living (ADL). The lower economic level is, the higher self-evaluation of ill health and the damage rate of ADL are, and the higher non-outpatient rate and non-hospitalization rate are; the urban elderly have better health and use more health services and the elderly in eastern region have better health and use more health services than those in eastern region. Conclusion: There is the health inequity for the elderly with different SES. In order to implement the health care insurance and medical assistance system of the elderly, it needs to allocate health resources to rural and western areas, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and improve the health level of the elderly.

Objective To investigate the expression of apoptosis regulating protein Bcl-2 and Bax,and the spontaneous apoptotic index(AI) in malignant mesothelioma,and their relationship to the survival time of patients.Methods Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stainings were used for the sections of paraffin embedded tissues of 79 specimens of malignant mesothelioma.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) was used to identify the apoptotic tumor cells.Results The age of the patients with malignant mesothelioma ranged from 11 to 79 years.The peak incidence of malignant mesothelioma was at the age of 40-50 years.The ratio of male to female was 1.47∶1.The survival time of the 79 cases was between 5 and 160 months,and the medial survival time was 23 months.According to histological pictures,these tumors were diagnosed as epithelioid type(51 cases),mixed type(8 cases) and sarcomatous type(20 cases).The tumor spontaneous apoptotic index(AI) was 0.14%-6.9%.The survival time of the patients with higher AI was significantly shorter than those with lower AI(P

Purpose:To investigate the relationship between HELICOBACTER PYLORI (Hp) and gastric carcinoma, as well as the possible carcinogenic mechanism by Hp. Methods: DNEL technique and immunohistochemical staining were used in the research to study the state of apoptosis, proliferation and p53 gene expression. Total 100 gastric mucosal biopsy specimens, including normal mucosa, Hp negative and Hp positive gastric precancerous lesions as well as gastric carcinomas were studied. Results:There were several apoptotic cells in the superficial epithelium and a few proliferative cells within neck of gastric glands, and no p53 protein expression in normal mucosa. In gastric carcinoma, apoptotic cells accounted for 1.62%, while proliferative cells 4.99%, and P53 protein significantly increased. in metaplasia, the apoptotic index (AI), proliferative index (PI) and positivity of p53 expression in Hp positive group were higher than those in normal mucosa ( P