“There are big epidemics after natural disasters”.After years of analysis of the relationship between natural disasters and plague in Yunnan Province,we found that plague occurred with high frequency during the flooding period,and rodent's density and flea index were higher in years of flooding than those of normal years.However,each disaster event such as flooding,drought or earthquakes was not necessarily connected with rodents density,index of fleas and plague prevalence.The density of host animals and the index of vector were mainly determined by climatic factors such as air temperature,rainfall (humidity) and so on.Natural disasters will damage the local living environment,which caused the aggregation of host animals and humans.Close contacts between host animals and humans will promote the risk of epidemic spreading in the active plague foci.

Yersinia pestis,host animals and vector organisms in a particular area within a certain geographical landscape,and biological communities are in the form of interdependence and mutual restriction of ecological system in the plague natural foci of plague.Currently,the preservation of Yersinia pestis mechanism mainly including:①Animal and fleas (tick) preservation theory;②Yersinia pestis own mutation preservation theory;③Fleas-host-fleas preservation theory;④Theory of soil preservation;⑤the birds and abiotic factors of preservation theory;⑥Theory of other Yersinia preservation theory and so on.The author summarized the research progress of the preservation mechanism of Yersinia pestis in the focus area.

Objective To study the healing process of penetrating injury of sclera. Methods A rabbit model with penetrating injury of sclera was made by incising the sclera accompanied by intravitreous injection of autologous blood. The animals were sacrificed at different time intervals after injury. Two hours before the animals were sacrificed, 3 H thymidine ( 3 H-TdR ) was injected into the vitreous cavity. The enucleated eye balls were fixed, dehydrated, embedded with paraffin, and sectioned for light microscopic examination and autoradiographic study. The numbers of cells that incorporated 3 H-TdR at different time intervals were compared. Results After the sclera was injured, inflammation occurred mainly in the superficial part of the sclera, from which most of the proliferating cells filling the wounds came. These cells grew along the vitreous strands to the blood clot in the vitreous cavity. Tractional retinal detachments were induced in 9 of the 12 rabbits within 2 weeks after injury. Cells of different ocular tissues incorporated 3 H-TdR, of which the cells from superficial sclera accounted for the majority. Incorporation of 3H-TdR by these fibroblasts peaked on the 5th day after injury(P

Objective To evaluate the correlation between serum homocysteine (Hcy) level,serum uric acid level and coronary lesion severity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods A total of 622 patients receiving coronary angiography from January 2015 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied.They were divided into two groups according to the findings on coronary angiography.Those with ≥ 50％ stenosis were defined as coronary artery disease.According to SYNTAX score,CAD patients were divided into three groups:low risk group (1-22),moderate risk group (23-32) and high risk group (＞ 33).Fasting serum Hcy levels,fasting serum uric acid levels,fasting blood lipids including total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined.Then,patients were divided into two groups according to the serum Hcy level for observing the relationship between the serum Hcy and the SYNTAX score.Results TC,LDL-C were significant higher in SYNTAX score high-risk group and moderate risk group compared with normal group.There were no statistically significant differences in TC and LDL-C between the normal group and the low-risk group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with normal coronary group,Hcy in high risk group and moderate risk group was significant higher.There were no statistically significant differences in age,sex,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C between normal Hcy group and high Hcy group (P ＞ 0.05).The SYNTAX score was significantly higher in high Hcy group than that in normal group (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that serum Hcy was associated with coronary lesion severity.Compared with normal coronary group in the same gender,uric acid level in high risk group and moderate risk group was significant higher (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum uric acid was associated with coronary lesion severity.(P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions Serum Hcy and high uric acid level are the risk factors of coronary lesion severity.With the increased Hcy level and uric acid level,the increase in the severity degree of coronary artery lesions represents a greater cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVE: Radial artery hemostasis devices of TR Band and RDP made in Japan has used in China and abroad. However,comparisons of application effects are rarely reported. The aim of this paper is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of radial artery hemostasis devices of TR Band and RDP after transradial intervention procedures. METHODS: A total of 300 cases with transradial route coronary arteriongraphy and percutaneous coronary intervention, were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 100 cases in each group. TR Band, RDP, and "8" character Bandaging were used respectively. The hemostasis effectiveness, hemostasis time, patients' degree of comfort, disorder of venous return,saturation of blood oxygen of thrums of compressed hands, as well as ischemia and necrosis status in local skin of access site were compared.RESULTS: Two kinds of devices were able to hemostasis effectively. The saturation of blood oxygen of cases in each group was within normal limits, which had no significantly difference (P> 0.05). Patients' degree of comfort was significantly different among three groups (P< 0.05), but there was no insignificantly different between TR Band and RDP groups (P> 0.05).Swelling in arms and ischemia and necrosis status of local skin at access site were notably different among three groups (P <0.05), however, ischemia and necrosis status of local skin at access site had no difference between TR Band and RDP groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Application of radial artery hemostasis devices of TR Band and RDP-700(800) after transradial intervention procedures is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the geographical distribution of plague host animals in residential areas and the association between plague and its distribution pattern in Yunnan Province.Methods A systematic investigation on fauna and community ecology of rodents was carried out in residential areas of 17 counties(cities) of Yunnan Province,southwestern China with different longitude,latitude and elevation from May 2007 to November 2012.The characteristics of the spatial distribution of flea communities along environmental gradients were analyzed using community structure indexes.Results A total of 390 small mammals were trapped in seventeen counties (cities),and the mammals were classified into 11 species and 7 genus in 4 families.Among all small host mammals,Rattus tanezumi,Rattus nitidus and Rattus norvegicus were dominant species of host animals in residential areas,accounting for 33.85％ (132/390),20.77％ (81/390) and 16.92％ (66/390),respectively.The horizontal distribution of rodents showed that Rattus tanezumi was the widest species in residential areas,which was found at the longitude 98°-105°,followed by Rattus norvegicus,Rattus yunnanensis and Mus musculus.The vertical and latitudinal distributions of rodents were similar in residential areas.Rattus tanezumi was also the widest distributed species,which was observed at the latitude 21°-＜ 28°N and at the altitude 500-＜ 3 500 m; the constituent of Rattus tanezumi showed similar trends of leaning peak curves,first gradually increasing and then decreasing with the increase of latitude and elevation; Rattus tanezumi gradually changed into Rattus nitidus and Apodemus chevrieri,et al.The richness spatial distribution patterns of host animals showed similar trends of leaning peak curves which gradually increased and then decreased with increasing of longitude and latitude; the highest richness was observed at the longitude 98°-＜ 101°E and at the latitude 23°-＜ 28°N.While,the richness spatial d istribution patterns of host animals were relatively poor in the low or the high altitude range.The highest richness was observed at the altitude between 1 000-＜ 1 500 m and 2 000-＜ 2 500 m.Conclusions All spatial patterns of indoor host animals have shown an aggregated spatial distribution in Yunnan Province.Moreover,important environmental factors such as longitude,latitude,and altitude play a substantial role on the distribution patterns of indoor host animals among various focus,therefore directly impact on the modes of prevalence and transmission of plague.

65 years old) with in-stent restenosis were randomly divided into two groups: cutting balloon(38 cases) and conventional balloon angioplasty(31 cases) group. Quantitative coronary angiography(QCA) and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) were underwent before and immediately after the balloon inflation. Within 6-months clinical and angiographic follow-up, clinical improvements and QCA results were recorded. himary end points included myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) and revascularization. Results The procedural success rate was 100% in both groups. One patient in cutting balloon experienced dissection in the site distal to stent. Average follow-up time was (6.7?0.3) months. The angiographic stenosis rates at the 3- and 6-month in cutting balloon group were markedly lower than that in conventional balloon group(15% and 38% vs 18% and 43%, respectivelly, P

Objective To study the effect of rosiglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?), on the expression of PPAR? in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and its effect on the biological characters of HSCs. Methods The activated HSCs were devided into three groups:control, 3??mol/L rosiglitazone group, and 10??mol/L rosiglitazone group. The expression of PPAR?, ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA), and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen was detected by means of RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry respectively. The cell proliferation was determined with MTT colorimetric assay. The cell apoptosis was demonstrated with flow cytometry. Results The expression of PPAR? at mRNA and protein level markedly increased in HSCs of 10??mol/L rosiglitazone group(t≥4.627, P

Objective: To observe the pathological changes of the lens and anterior lens capsule of the patients with familial congenital aniridia, and discuss the histopathological etiology of the fragility of the anterior capsule and the significance of surgical project. Methods: Anterior lens capsules and lens specimens were obtained from aniridic patients during cataract surgery. The intraoperative behavior of each capsule was noted, after which the specimens were submitted for histopathologic evaluation and electron microscope examination. Results: The anterior lens capsule was extremely fragile and remarkably thin. Degenerative changes(degeneration, necrosis, loss) of the lens epithelium and discontinuity of the lens epithelium were found in some specimens. Proliferation and double layer of the epithelial cells in some area of the specimens can be seen also. Ply structure of the anterior capsule became thin or disappeared. Conclusion: Degenerative or proliferative changes of the lens epithelial cells were associated with the thinness and extreme intraperative fragility of the anterior lens capsules in familial aniridia with cataract. Greater awareness of anterior capsule fragility in some aniridic patients with cataract may reduce the risk of capsule complications and lead to safer surgical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the cell cycle and microfilament cytoskeleton in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line(CNE1),as well as possible mechanisms. METHODS The variation of cell cycle and microfilament cytoskeleton in CNE1 were observed using the flow cytometry (FCM),the laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM)and technology of fluorescence.RESULTS FCM showed that the proportion of G1 phase cells significantly increased in cells exposed to 2 and 4?mol/L As2O3(P