Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common devastating neoplasms worldwide with very poor prognosis.Recent studies have identified a CpG is land methylator phenotype(CIMP),which was characterized by simultaneous methylation of multiple TSGs.CIMP has been observed in multiple human malignant tumors including HCC.CIMP also plays a critical role in HCC carcinogenesis,progression,metastasis and recurrence. Therefore,detection of the methylation status of tumor-related genes can provide key information for early diagnosis,molecular classification and predicting prognosis of HCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of comfort nursing on dysphoria patients in neurosurgical department.Methods Thirty-six patients with dysphoria in the neurosurgical department were treated with comfort nursing. The degree of dysphoria after implementation of comfort nursing and the incidence of nursing-related adverse events were investigated.Results The degree of dysphoria in the patients after implementation of comfort nursing was lower than that after the implementation(P<0.05).There were 3 cases(8.33%)of nasogastric tube slippage and skin injury,2 cases(5.56%)of urinary catheter slippage and no case of falling out of bed.Conclusions The implementation of comfort nursing can stabilize the mood of patients and comfort the patients. It is helpful for abating the degree of dysphoria of patients,reducing the adverse effects of nursing work and ultimately improving the quality of nursing.

Objective To investigate whether the defective interfering(DI) particles of Paramyxovirus, Tianjin strain could be used as a candidate adjuvant. Methods DI particles were separated and purified. After being identified, it was equally mixed with the inactivated poliovirus (PV) vaccine. Kunming mice were administered subcutaneously with the mixture, besides we set groups of inactivated PV vaccine containing Al(OH) 3 as an adjuvant, inactivated PV vaccine of which the dose was doubled without any adjuvant, and negative control. Sera were collected in the 14th day after immunization, and the specific antibodies of PV were detected. T/B lymphocyte stimulation indexes(SI) were counted through the lymphocyte proliferation tests. The quantities of IFN-γ/IL-4 produced by the splenocytes which were stimulated again by PV antigen were detected. Results The SI and the quantity of IFN-γof the mice in the group of inactivated PV vaccine combining with DI particles of Paramyxovirus, Tianjin strain were more than other groups. Conclusion DI particles of Paramyxovirus, Tianjin strain could enhance the immune response of inactivated poliovirus, especially the cellullar immunologic response of Th1 type.

Objective To investigate the differences in myocardial deformation between donor and recipient in twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) using vector velocity imaging( VVI). Methods Digital dynamic two-dimensional four chamber views were interrogated off-line using VVI software. Global longitudinal strain(S) , systolic strain rate(SRs) and diastolic strain rate(SRd) were measured in the left ventricles(LV) and right ventricles (RV) of 30 fetal pairs with TTTS and compared to 30 gestational age-matched normal controls. Results Donor LV-SRs was higher, while donor RV-SRd was significantly lower than controls. Recipient S, SRs and SRd were significantly lower for both LV and RV in comparison to controls. Conclusions In TTTS,donor LV systolic function is hyperdynamic while the RV diastolic function is low. Recipient RV and LV are both globally depressed with systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the capacity and diagnostic value of various MRI seguences in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.Methods MR images of 60 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed retrospectively.The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic value of various MRI sequences were evaluated comparing with clinical data and operation results.All patients were scanned with conventional sequences including SE-T1WI,T2WI,FLAIR of head.Among them,9 cases were injected with contrast agent,49 cases were scanned with 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE sequences on cerebellopontine angle additinally.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE sequences were analyzed by using the x2 test.Results Six cases with tumor,3 cases with radiculitis and meningitis,1 case with multiple sclerosis and 1 case with pons infarction were diagnosed by conventional MR sequences.MRI of 49 cases with 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE showed neurovascular compress proved by operation.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE were 95.3％ (41/43)vs.95.6％ (43/45),66.7％ (4/6)vs.50.0％(2/4) and 91.8％ (45/49)vs.91.8％ (45/49),and no significantly difference was found between the two sequences (x2 =0.13,0.19 and 0.17,P ＞0.5).ConclusionsMRI plays an important role in displaying the causes and diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia.The conventional head MR sequences should be recommended for diagnosis of secondary TN caused by tumor and inflammation et al,and further 3D-TOF and 3D-TSE with high sensitivity and accuracy should be applied in patients with primary TN to display the neurovascular relationship.

This paper is aimed to assess the diagnostic value of MRI versus 99 Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (99 Tcm- MDP) bone scan (BS) for osseous metastases in patients with prostate cancer. The computer-based retrieval was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library and Ovid data bases to search for trials about diagnosing osseous metastases of prostate cancer with MRI and 99Tc"m-MDP BS. Selected with time acceptance and time exclusion criteria, the data quality were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool and collected. We used the Meta-Disc software to conduct meta-analysis, and then calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), drew the summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and measured the area under curve (AUC) and Q value. Then five studies were included, involving 353 patients. The pooled sensitivity of MRI and BS was 0. 95 (95% CI 0. 90~0. 98) and 0. 67 (95% CI 0. 58~0. 75), respectively. The pooled specificity was 0. 97 (95% CI 0. 94~0. 99) and 0. 88 (95% CI 0. 83~0. 91), respectively. The pooled DOR was 402.99 (95% CI 119. 05 ~1364. 15) and 23. 85 (95% CI 1. 32~431. 48), respectively. The AUC was 0. 990 1 and 0. 624 1, respectively. The Q was 0. 958 7 and 0. 593 8. It can well be concluded that MRI is more effective than 99 Tcm-MDP BS in the diagnosis of osseous metastases in patients with prostate cancer.
Area Under Curve ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate whether toll like receptor ( TLR) signaling pathways can in-crease the expression of IL-17 R in neuralglial cells , and if they can whether the increased IL-17 R is func-tional.Methods Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in B6 mice by immuni-zation with an emulsion of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 ( MOG35-55 ) in complete Freund's adju-vant (CFA).The expression of Il17ra and Il17rc in the brains and spinal cords of mice with EAE were de-tected by real-time PCR.Luxol fast blue ( LFB) staining was performed to the spinal cord sections to detect tissue demyelination.Immunohistological staining against IL-17RA and CD3 were undertook to visualize IL-17RA+and CD3 + cells.Same approaches were also applied to immunized Rag1 -/- mice to figure out whether T cells infiltration is necessary for increasing IL-17RA expression in the central nervous system ( CNS) .Then B6 mice were immunized with incomplete Freund′s adjuvant ( IFA) plus different TLRs ago-nists to measure the expression of Il17ra in the brains and spinal cords by qPCR .The purified astrocytes , microglia and oligodendrocytes isolated from neonatal mice brains were cultured in vitro for two weeks , and then treated with different TLRs agonists .The expression of Il17ra at mRNA and protein levels in the cells were determined by qPCR and Western blot respectively .The astrocytes were treated with IL-17A and LPS individually or in the combination to detect the level of CCL 2, CXCL8 and IP-10 in the supernatant by ELISA.Results B6 mice with induced EAE showed significantly increased Il17ra expressions in the brain and spinal cord , which was also detected in immunized Rag1 -/-mice.Although no spinal cord demyeliza-tion and CD3 cells infiltration were detected in Rag1 -/-mice, significantly increased number of IL-17RA positive cells could still be visualized .In vivo TLRs agonist participated immunization and in vitro treatment of purified neuroglial cells demonstrated that TLRs agonists could directly evoke IL -17RA expression in the CNS or cultured astrocytes , microglia and oligodendrocytes with high efficiency .Both IL-17 A and LPS could stimulate astrocytes to secrete CCL2, CXCL8 and IP-10, however, a combined use of IL-17A and LPS fur-ther augmented the production of these chemokines to a large extend .Conclusion Taken together , we con-cluded that TLRs agonists could directly stimulate neuroglial cells to express IL -17RA which functionally re-spond to IL-17A by secreting chemokines .

BACKGROUND: The middle ear is a little aerated cavity with a complex anatomy and a deep location. Computed tomagraphy virtual endoscopy (CTVE) can be used to reconstruct the stereoscopic images of internal surface of hollow organs using spiral CT volumetric data, providing findings similar to fiberendoscope.OBJECTIVE: To vedfy the ability to show the normal middle ear and the clinical application of virtual endoscopy based on 64-detector CT data.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A confirmatory controlled observation was performed at Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between October 2005 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 33 patients (66 ears) with suspected middle ear disease who underwent spiral CT examination were included in this study. Among included ears, 35 were normal, and 31 were impaired, including 24 ears presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media (10 simple otitis media, 5 granulomatous otitis media, and 9 middle ear cholesteatoma), 2 ears with post-operative recurred suppurative otitis media, 2 ears with carcinoma of middle ear, and 2 ears with temporal bone fracture, and lear with foreign body granuloma.METHODS: CT images of the temporal bone were obtained using 0.5 mm thick axis slices with a soft reconstruction kemel at 0.3 mm intervals. Virtual endoscopic images of middle ear on CT were generated from volumetric data using the Navigator software. CTVE images were observed from multiple directions using the Fly Through software, and compared with the axial and coronal images and surgery findings.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following structures were observed: auditory ossicle and joints, superior, middle, and inferior tympanum, sinus tympani, external acoustic meatus, tympanum, facial recess, tegmental wall, anterior and superior ligaments of malleus, posterior ligament of incus, and retrotympanum.RESULTS: A series of images were acquired as the virtual endoscope moved from the extemal auditory canal to the middle ear cavity. CTVE displayed the structures of normal middle ear with high details in 100%, except the anterior and posterior limbs of stapes in 68.6% (24/35) and 74.3 %(26/35), respectively. In the ears with supperative otitis media, the destruction of bone of handle, head of malleus, long and short limbs of incus, and limbs of stapes was found on CTVE in 91.7%(22/24), 95.8%(23/24), 95.8%(23124), 100%(24/24), and 87.5%(21/24), respectively. CTVE clearly showed the destruction of promontory, tegmental wall and facial nerve tube in one ear with carcinoma. CTVE showed the dislocation of incudomallear joint in one ear with temporal bone fracture. It took about 10-15 minutes to perform CTVE.CONCLUSION: CTVE can be used as a noninvasive and reliable method in displaying normal and pathologic middle ears. In cases of suspected bony destruction and confirmed trauma, it is helpful for diagnosis and surgical planning. CTVE of the middle ear can currently be considered as a complementary technique to conventional CT, and it is time-saving and reserves clinical generalization.

Abstract: This study is to elucidate the metabolic pathway of 1,2-[bis (1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3 (2H)-ketone)]-ethane (BBSKE) in rats. Rats were administrated with a single dose of BBSKE 200 mg x kg(-1). The metabolites in rat urine, feces, bile and plasma were identified by LC-MSn analysis. The characterization of fragment ions from LC-MSn chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied to the investigation of structures of metabolites. Three phase I metabolites were detected in rat urine and feces. Two of them were also found in plasma and one existed in bile. These products were derived from oxidized, methylated and S-methylated BBSKE, separately. One phase II glucuronide of BBSKE was also found in bile. Therefore, it is possible that BBSKE was metabolized by oxidization, methylation and glucuronidation.

Objective To evaluate functional activity of the subcortical nuclei in Wilson's disease (WD) using resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI),and to evaluate damage to the functional conjunction in the extracorticospinal tract in WD patients.Methods Twenty-two patients with WD (between January 2015 and January 2016),including 18 with cerebral type and 4 with hepatic type,and 20 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled.Neurological symptoms were scored using the modified Young Scale.Patients with cerebral type WD were divided into 4 subgroups.All study subjects underwent rs-fMRI of the brain.The values of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (REHO) in the thalamus,caudate nucleus,putamen and globus pallidus were determined.The relationships between rsfMRI metrics and clinical status were evaluated.Results ALFF values were lower in the caudate nucleus,putamen and right thalamus of WD patients than in controls (t =-3.07,-3.00,-3.12,-2.46,-2.20;P =0.005,0.006,0.004,0.020,0.036),while REHO values were lower in the left caudate nucleus and left thalamus of WD patients (t =-2.38,-2.16;P =0.025,0.040).In the caudate nucleus (P =0.032,0.029,0.023),thalamus (P =0.022,0.041,0.035) ALFF values were lower in group 4 than in other groups.REHO values of the putamen (P =0.040,0.017,0.040) and thalamus (P =0.024,0.029 7,0.041) were higher in group 4 than in other groups.ALFF values in the caudate nucleus (t =-0.29,P=0.037),and thalamus (t =-1.77,P =0.042) were lower,and REHO values in the caudate nncleus (t =-1.46,P =0.040) were lower,in patients of cerebral type than in hepatic type patients.Conclusions The damage to the functional activity of the subcortical nuclei may occur in the WD patients.The functional activity of nuclei may be different between hepatic and cerebral type patients.Damage to the activity of neurons in the putamen and thalamus may correlate with psychiatric symptoms in WD patients.