Background Age-related cataract is a common cause of blindness.However,its cause and pathogenic mechanism have not been fully understood.Recent studies revealed that aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP0 are closely related to the pathogenesis of cataract.Objective This study was to investigate the differential distribution and expression of AQP0 and AQP1 in lenses with age-related cataract and explore its effect on pathogenesis of age-related cataract.Methods Seventeen anterior capsular membrane samples and nucleus samples of lenses were collected from age-related cataract patients during the small incision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction,and 6 normal lens samples were obtained from health donors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.The expression and distribution of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 proteins in the lenses were assayed by using Western blot assay.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of this hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that in the normal lenses,AQP1 expressed mainly in LECs;while AQP0 primarily expressed in fiber cells of the lens cortex and nucleus.The relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses with age-related cataract (absorbance) were 0.223±0.008 and 0.118±0.015,which were significantly lower than 0.246±0.007 and 0.149±0.007 in the normal lenses (t =-4.508,-3.291,both at P＜0.01).Western blot revealed that the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP0 in the lenses with age-related cataract (absorbance) were 0.663 ± 0.012 and 0.599 ± 0.015,which were significantly reduced in comparison with 0.844±0.041 and 0.955 ±0.064 in the normal lenses (t =-7.492,P＜0.05;t =-9.570,P＜0.01).Conclusions AQP1 and AQP0 distribute in different sites of lenses.The expressions of AQP1 and AQP0 are obviously down-regulated in lenses with age-related cataract,suggesting that AQP1 and AQP0 probably play different roles in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract.

SUMMARY National Institutes of Health (NIH) released the biomedical research project NIH Roadmap Initiatives, including 3 themes, new pathways to discovery,research teams of the future,and re-engineering the clinical research enterprise. The purpose of the project is to catalyze to transform our new scientific knowledge into tangible benefits for people. Now,Mostly of the Project have begin to carry into practice.

Objective To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of serum concentration of soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (FasL) in the elderly. Methods Fifty elderly subjects and forty-seven adults were recruited. Serum concentration of sFas and EasL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Psychosocial stress and coping styles were also evaluated. Results The sFas level of the elderly was significantly higher than that in control group,whereas the EasL level was decreased with ageing (P<0.01). A positive correlation between sFas level and psychosocial stress, and a negative correlation between sFas level and positive coping were also found (all P<0. 05). Conclusions Age-related changes occur in serum sEas and EasL levels.The interaction of sFas/FasL system with psychosocial stress and coping styles seems to play important roles in immunosenescence. Our results also suggest that during aging a subtle balance between sFas and FasL could exist.

BACKGROUND: The middle ear is a little aerated cavity with a complex anatomy and a deep location. Computed tomagraphy virtual endoscopy (CTVE) can be used to reconstruct the stereoscopic images of internal surface of hollow organs using spiral CT volumetric data, providing findings similar to fiberendoscope.OBJECTIVE: To vedfy the ability to show the normal middle ear and the clinical application of virtual endoscopy based on 64-detector CT data.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A confirmatory controlled observation was performed at Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between October 2005 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 33 patients (66 ears) with suspected middle ear disease who underwent spiral CT examination were included in this study. Among included ears, 35 were normal, and 31 were impaired, including 24 ears presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media (10 simple otitis media, 5 granulomatous otitis media, and 9 middle ear cholesteatoma), 2 ears with post-operative recurred suppurative otitis media, 2 ears with carcinoma of middle ear, and 2 ears with temporal bone fracture, and lear with foreign body granuloma.METHODS: CT images of the temporal bone were obtained using 0.5 mm thick axis slices with a soft reconstruction kemel at 0.3 mm intervals. Virtual endoscopic images of middle ear on CT were generated from volumetric data using the Navigator software. CTVE images were observed from multiple directions using the Fly Through software, and compared with the axial and coronal images and surgery findings.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following structures were observed: auditory ossicle and joints, superior, middle, and inferior tympanum, sinus tympani, external acoustic meatus, tympanum, facial recess, tegmental wall, anterior and superior ligaments of malleus, posterior ligament of incus, and retrotympanum.RESULTS: A series of images were acquired as the virtual endoscope moved from the extemal auditory canal to the middle ear cavity. CTVE displayed the structures of normal middle ear with high details in 100%, except the anterior and posterior limbs of stapes in 68.6% (24/35) and 74.3 %(26/35), respectively. In the ears with supperative otitis media, the destruction of bone of handle, head of malleus, long and short limbs of incus, and limbs of stapes was found on CTVE in 91.7%(22/24), 95.8%(23/24), 95.8%(23124), 100%(24/24), and 87.5%(21/24), respectively. CTVE clearly showed the destruction of promontory, tegmental wall and facial nerve tube in one ear with carcinoma. CTVE showed the dislocation of incudomallear joint in one ear with temporal bone fracture. It took about 10-15 minutes to perform CTVE.CONCLUSION: CTVE can be used as a noninvasive and reliable method in displaying normal and pathologic middle ears. In cases of suspected bony destruction and confirmed trauma, it is helpful for diagnosis and surgical planning. CTVE of the middle ear can currently be considered as a complementary technique to conventional CT, and it is time-saving and reserves clinical generalization.

Objective To compare the immune effects of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) capsid protein VP1 expressed bacterially, recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1which express VP1 protein in mice. Methods After expressed in prokaryotic cells, VP1 protein was purified. Recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1 and recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 were amplified and extracted. Six to 8-week-old, male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly. Each group contained 18 mice. The mice of pcDNA3/VP1 group or VP1 protein group were immunized intramuscularly with three injections at three weeks apart, of recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/VP1 at a dose of 100 μg/mouse or recombinant protein VP1 at a dose of 50 μg/mouse. The mice of rAd/VP1 group were immunized intramuscularly twice at two weeks interval with rAd/VP1 at a dose of 1.2 × 107 PFU. The control group was mock-immunized with 100 μl of PBS intramuscularly. Mice were bled from the retroorbital sinus plexus every two weeks after each immunization. ELISA and micro-neutralization test were used to detect levels of CVB3-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers in the sera of immunized mice. Three weeks after the last immunization, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) killing activity of spleen lymphocytes was detected with CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, virus titers in the sera of immunized mice were determined by the 50% cell culture infective dose( CCID50 ) assay on HeLa cell monolayers and percentage of animals surviving were observed after lethal CVB3 attack over a period of 21 days. Results The titers of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were higher than other groups( P ＜0.05 ). While CTL killing activity of spleen lymphocytes of VP1 protein immunized mice was lower than mice in rAd/VP1 group( P ＜0. 05). Virus titers in sera of VP1 protein immunized mice were lower than the mice in pcDNA3/VP1 or rAd/VP1 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ), while survival rate was significantly higher than these two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion VP1 protein induced higher level of humoral immune response and acquired obvious immune protection effects in mice. The immunizing potency of VP1 protein vaccine surpassed plasmid pcDNA3/VP1or recombinant adenovirus rAd/VP1. It appeared to be a promising candidate among the three different vaccines.

Objective? By investigating the current situation of medical staff, this paper preliminarily analyzed the problems existing in the construction of blood-borne occupational exposure protection system and safety culture, and provided theoretical basis for the establishment of an efficient and feasible protection system in medical institutions in China in the future. Methods? This study was designed for cross-sectional study. A total of 514 staff from different levels of medical institutions and different occupations were selected by convenience sampling from March 2017 to February 2018. A self-made cognitive questionnaire on blood-borne occupational exposure system and safety culture in medical institutions was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, and the results were analyzed. Results? 80%-90% of the respondents have a certain grasp of blood-borne occupational exposure. Respondents who did not achieve standard prevention eventually had occupational exposure of 90.35%(103/114), while those who could achieve standard prevention at work only had 57.50% (230/400). The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in standard prevention awareness rate, occupational exposure and post-treatment methods of sharp instrument injuries among staff with different professional titles (P＜ 0.05). There were significant differences in occupational exposure and post-treatment of sharp instrument injuries among staff with different working years (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Different levels of medical institutions have made progress in process establishment, protective equipment allocation and related knowledge training, but also reflected the different levels of occupational exposure problems. More ideas and enlightenments were put forward for how to further reduce the incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical institutions staff and improve their coping ability in the future.

ObjectiveTo establish the inservice training program of the circulatory classroom, and to discuss its training effects. Methods? A one-year round circulatory classroom training was conducted for all nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from January to December 2017, using a self-controlled study design. Totally 329 and 339 on-the-job nurses were selected as the respondents before and after the implementation of the circular classroom. The satisfaction of nurses before and after the intervention, the purpose of participating in the training and the training needs were analyzed by questionnaire survey. Results? After the intervention, the satisfaction of nurses with the new training program of circulatory classroom was 99.41%, which was higher than that of routine training, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). After the intervention, 84.4% of nurses took improving their clinical comprehensive ability and enriching their knowledge as the main purpose of participating in the training. The difference was statistically significant compared with that before the intervention (P＜0.05). 74.33% to 95.58% nurses considered that the new training has a great help to their own work, and indicated that they could actively and effectively translate what they learned into practical work. 86.43% of nurses prefer to use noon time to study. Conclusions? In-service circulatory classroom training can alleviate the contradiction between work and study in the continuing education, and enhance the enthusiasm and feasibility of nurses participating in continuing education.

Objective:To explore the effects of family-centered continuous follow-up nursing in neonate delivery among acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) families.Methods:This study adopted the historical control clinical trial design, and randomly selected 60 neonate with preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mother-to-child transmission and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Department of Pediatrics of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University as subjects from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 30 neonate from January 2015 to June 2016 were in control group, and 30 neonate from July 2016 to December 2017 were in observation group. Control group carried out the routine outpatient follow-up nursing, while observation group implemented the family-centered follow-up nursing. This study compared the success rate and compliance of preventing mother-to-child transmission, nutritional indicators as well as incidence of malnutrition between two groups.Results:The head circumference, height and arm circumference of infants aged 18 months in observation group were better than those in control group with statistical differences ( P<0.05) ; but there was no statistical difference in the weight ( P>0.05) . The success rates of preventing mother-to-child transmission between two groups were all 100%. The compliance with preventing mother-to-child transmission of observation group was higher than that of control group with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) ; rates of missed further consultation and readmission of observation group was lower than those of control group with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . The block therapy knowledge of guardians of observation group was better than those of control group with statistical difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Family-centered continuous follow-up nursing can effectively improve the compliance with preventing mother-to-child transmission of infants, reduce rates of missed further consultation and readmission, promote the growth of infants and healthy development of nutritional status.

In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, lifestyle changes, and the advancement of medical examination methods, the detection rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased year by year, and it has become one of the important chronic liver diseases that seriously threaten human health worldwide. By far, there has been no ideal and effective treatment for NAFLD. Successful lifestyle intervention is unanimously recognized by experts at home and abroad as the most effective way to change the outcome of the disease. Although many scholars at home and abroad have explored different aspects of diet and exercise for patients with NAFLD in the past two decades, there are still no effective strategies or programs that can be used for reference. Therefore, this study organizes and summarizes relevant articles in recent years, and aims to provide a reference and basis for the future prevention and control of fatty liver and health management in China.

The coexistence of multiple symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has caused serious distress to patients. Symptom management based on the premise of grasping the general situation of symptoms becomes the responsibility of the nursing staff. However, the development and use of symptom assessment tools for AIDS populations at China and abroad have not been effectively sorted out and clarified. This article summarizes and analyzes this situation in related fields, aiming to provide reference and basis for future research.