Objective To explore the viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in Nanping area .Methods A total of 3 572 patients ,suffered from acute respiratory tract infections from December 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study .Sev‐en common respiratory viruses were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay ,including influenza A virus(IA) ,influenza B virus (IB) ,adenovirus (ADV) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,arainfluenza type Ⅰ (P1) ,arainfluenza type Ⅱ (P2) ,arainfluenza typeⅢ (P3) .Results In total 3 572 samples ,509 samples were virus positive (14 .25% ) .Among them ,507 positive samples were single virus infections and 7 positive samples were double virus infections .RSV infection(9 .38% ) ,P3 infection(2 .32% ) and IA infection (1 .09% ) rates were the top three .Conclusion RSV was the main viral pathogen among 7 common respiratory viruses with obvious seasonal periodicity .Children′s immunity is low and need to prevent respiratory viral infections .

Objective:To explore the association of serum leptin(LEP)level in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis with clinical periodontal indexes.Methods:30 healthy subjects(group A),30 chronic periodontitis patients(group B)and 30 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis(DMCP)(group C)were included.Probing depth(PD),attachment loss(AL),plaque index (PLI)and bleeding on probe(BOP)were examined.High performance liquid chromatography detection was used to determine the ex-pression of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)in plasma samples.Serum level of LEP was measured by ELISA.Results:Levels of serum HbA1c,FPG and LEP in group C were significantly higher than those in group B and A(P <0.05);serum LEP in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P <0.05).However,no virtual disparity was found in serum HbA1c and FPG between group A and B(P >0.05);The r values of plasma LEP level to PD,AL,PLI and BOP were 0.506,0.551, 0.519 and 0.582 respectively(P <0.05).Conclusion:The LEP level is elevated in patients with DMCP.Circulating LEP level is positively related to PD,AL,PLI and BOP.

Objective To describe the mastery of knowledge about antihypertensive drugs of clinical nurses in one tertiary comprehensive hospital of Beijing.Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit 195 clinical nurses who were working in one tertiary comprehensive hospital in Beijing.The demographic questionnaire,knowledge of antihypertensive drugs questionnaire were filled.Results The score of knowledge of antihypertensive drugs Questionnaire was (45.63 ± 3.79) points;different education,wishes to take part in hypertension related knowledge training had significant differences (t =2.007,2.049,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Knowledge of antihypertensive drugs of clinical nurses in Beijing was at medium level.Those who indicated that it was not matter whether to attend hypertension related knowledge training and had low level of education had more problems in knowledge of antihypertensive drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with low tidal volume ventilation on lung function in patients with lower abdominal operation.Methods Sixty elderly patients who underwent elective lower abdominal operation were divided into three groups by random digits table method:the conventional tidal volume group (group A),penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with conventional tidal volume group (group B) and penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with low tidal volume group (group C),20 cases in each group.The patients in group B and group C were given penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg before induction of anesthesia.The patients in group A were given equal volume of saline.After induction of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation modes:the patients in group A and group B were given tidal volume 10 ml/kg,the patients in group C were given tidal volume 6 ml/kg.After mechanical ventilation in anesthetized (T1),1 h after anesthesia (T2),2 h after anesthesia (T3),8 h after anesthesia (T4),24 h after anesthesia (T5),the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),pH,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2),the calculation of oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) were measured and compared.The pulmonary complications after operation 1 day were recorded.Results The level of TNF-α,IL-6 in three patients at T1 had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The level of TNF-α,IL-6 at T2-5 in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group A and group B,the level of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 at T2-5 were increased in group C (P ＜ 0.05).None pulmonary complications were occurred in three groups.Conclusions Penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with low tidal volume ventilation may improve arterial oxygen in patients with lower abdominal operation,reduce the lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation,protective effect on lung function.

In this study the umbilical artery and uterine artery blood flow was measured by Acuson 128 color computer ultrasound in 90 healthy pregnant women, and the reference ranges and mathematical models of its indices were established. The variation of observers and measurement time and the effect of different areas of the same vessel on measured blood flow values were also studied. The results show reducing of resistance and increasing of blood flow of the umbilical and uterine arteries in healthy pregnancy with increased gestational age. Doppler blood flow measurement has a good repeatability and is worth while to be used universally. The Doppler signals shound be recorded from near placenta part of umbilical artery and upper branch of uterine artery in a side near to placenta.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different blood-saving strategies on postoperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing resection for liver cancers.Methods Sixty-six ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-64 yr,with hepatocellular carcinoma classification G1-G3 and clinicopathological staging Ⅰ-Ⅳ,undergoing elective resection for liver cancers,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =22 each) using a random number table:low central venous pressure group (L group),acutenormovolemic hemodilution group (A group),and acute normovolemic hemodilution combined with low central venous pressure group (AL group).Acute normovolemic hemodilution was performed after endotracheal intubation.Right jugular vein was cannulated for central venous pressure monitoring.Blood withdrawn from the radial artery at a rate of 25-40 ml/min was simultaneously replaced by iv infusion of the equal volume of 130/0.4 hydroxyethyl starch at the same rate until the target Hct (30％) was achieved.In A and AL groups,central venous pressure was maintained at 3-5 cm H2O during the procedure of liver parenchyma transection.Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before operation (T1,baseline) and on postoperative days 1,3 and 5 (T2-4) to determine the percentage of regulatory T-lymphocytes (CD4 + CD25 +,CD25 + Foxp3+),effective T-lymphocytes (CD8 +,CD4 + CD25-) and natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,the percentage of CD4 + CD25 +and CD25 + Foxp3+ was significantly decreased,and the percentage of CD8 + and CD4 + CD25-was increased at T3,4,and the percentage of NK cells was decreased at T2 in A and AL groups,and the percentage of CD4 + CD25 +and CD25 + Foxp3+ was decreased,and the percentage of CD8 + and CD4 + CD25-was increased at T4,and the percentage of NK cells was decreased at T2,3 in group L (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with L group,the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + and CD25 + Foxp3+ was significantly decreased at T3,the percentage of CD8 + was increased at T3,4,and the percentage of NK cells was increased at T3 in AL group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acute normovolemic hemodilution combined with low central venous pressure provides slighter inhibitory effect on the immune function of T-lymphocytes and NK cells in patients undergoing resection for liver cancers than either alone.

Objective To compare the efficacy of combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-sevoflurane in children undergoing minor surgery under spontaneous breathing with nasopharyngeal airway-face mask versus laryngeal mask airway (LMA).Methods Seventy-two children,scheduled for elective high ligation of indirect inguinal hernia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =36 each):nasopharyngeal airway-face mask group (group M) and LMA group (group L).Propofol 1.0 mg/kg and fentanyl 2.0μg/kg were injected intravenously.The spontaneous breathing was kept.After lass of consciousness,a face mask was placed for inhalation of pure oxygen at 2 L/min and 3 ％ sevoflurane.When BIS value reached 50-60,a size 2 LMA was inserted in group L and a nasopharyngeal airway was placed via the left nasal cavity and the face mask was held tightly and connected to the anesthesia machine in group M.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2％-4％ sevoflurane.Fentanyl 1 μg/kg was injected intravenously 5 min before skin incision.The concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to maintain BIS value at 40-60 during surgery.Mean arterial pressure,heart rate,partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide and pulse oxygen saturation were recorded before induction,at 3 min during induction,immediately after successful insertion of the airway,at skin incision,3 min after skin incision,and immediately after removal of the airway.The airway insertion time,success rate of insertion at first attempt,emergence time,and adverse reactions were recorded.Results Compared with group L,mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased during airway insertion or removal,nasopharyngeal airway insertion time was shortened and the success rate of nasopharyngeal airway insertion at first attempt (100％) was increased,and the agitation score and incidence of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract were decreased in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Combined inravenous-inhalational anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-sevoflurane is easy to establish the airway,can maintain spontaneous breathing,has little influence on circulatory function and reduce complications during recovery from anesthesia in children undergoing minor surgery under spontaneous breathing with nasopharyngeal airway-face mask,and the efficacy is better than that with LMA.

Objective To detect the levels of high mobility group box 1 protein HMGB1),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),C-reactive protein (CRP) in order to explore the clinical significance of HMGB1 in patients with severely traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 75 patients composed of 40 male and 35 female with severely traumatic brain injury were hospitalized from March 2011 through March 2012.The scores of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were 5-8 within 12 hours after brain injury.Casualties with history of hypertension,diabetes,severe diseases of heart,liver and kidney,and with concurrent trauma of other parts of body were excluded.Another 50 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls.Serum samples were taken from both patients and controls at admission.The levels of HMGB1,TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The level of CRP was measured by using automatic biochemistry analyzer.Comparisons of the levels of HMGB1,TNF-α,IL-6and CRP between casuahies and healthy controls were carried out.The correlations of HMGB1 with TNF-α,IL-6,CRP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed.Thereafter,75 patients were divided into two groups post hoc:the death group and the survival group.On the 1st day,the 3rd day and the 7th day after trauma,serum HMGB1 was detected.The comparison of HMGB1 was made between death group and survival group by using t-test.Results Serum HMGB1 level in the traumatic patients was higher than that of healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).Correlative analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between HMGB1 and TNF-α (r =0.365,P＜0.05),IL-6 (r=0.530,P＜0.05),CRP (r=0.661,P＜0.05) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Serum HMGB1 level in the death group was higher than the survival group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Increased serum HMGB1 level was found after severe traumatic brain injury.There were positive correlations between HMGB1 and three inflammatory factors,TNF-α,IL-6and CRP.Serum HMGB1 should be used as reliable hiomarker to judge the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of residual triethylamine in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Methods:The residual treithylamine was determined by GC with an Agilent DB-624 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm,3 μm)and an FID detector. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 2. 0 ml · min-1 . The oven temperature was programming in-creased. The initial column temperature was 50℃,and then raised to 220℃ at a rate of 10℃·min-1 ,and maintained 4 min. Trieth-ylamine was quantified by an external standard. Results:The calibration showed a good linearity within the range of 53. 02-742. 34 μg ·ml-1 for triethylamine. The correlation coefficient was 0. 999 8. The recoveries were within the range of 96. 52%-102. 27%. The relative standard deviation(RSD)was 2. 42%(n=9). Conclusion:The method has good specificity,repeatability and sensitivity, which can be used in determining the content of residual trietbylamine in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Objective To study the expression of PI3K and Akt mRNA in acute leukemia(AL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and try to find out a relationship between the prognostic significance of acute leukemia and the expression level of PI3K and Akt. Methods The samples were collected from 63 ALpatients, 7 relapsed AL patients, 14 CML patients and 10 AL patients in complete remission(CR) patients, 11samples of normal controls(NC). The expression of PI3K, Akt mRNA were measured by semi-quantity reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results The expression of PI3K mRNA in AL and relapse group were significantly higher than that in normal control. In CML, the P13K mRNA expression level was higher than that in NC and CR. The similar results of the expression of Akt mRNA were observed in CML, NC and CR. At the same time, the expression level of Akt mRNA in relapse group was significantly higher than that in NC. The complete remission rate in PI3K (+) was lower than that in PI3K (-). Similar result was obtained in Akt (+) and Akt (-). Conclusion The PI3K/Akt pathway may contribute to the occurrence of leukemia. The patients with positive expression of the members of this pathway had a lower remission rate.