Objective To determine the intra-and inter-tester reliability of a dynamometer in assessment of knee joint position senses (JPS).Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers (intra-rater N =6,inter-rater N =10) were examined with regard to intra-and inter-tester reliability of knee JPS by using Biodex System 3 dynamometer,measured by passive replication test,with subjects passively returning to the initial positions at 30°,45° and 60° knee flexion.The absolute error (AE) angle was recorded.Both intra-and inter-tester reliability studies involved two testers.Results The intra-tester reliability of the AE were moderate reliable at 30°,45°and 60° knee flexion,and the values of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.728,0.780 and 0.807,respectively.The values of Pearson's correlation coefficients for inter-tester reliability were 0.676,0.610 and 0.705,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the AE values of dominance and non-dominant knees,test and retest,and in the AE values of 30°,45°and 60° knee flexion (P ＞ 0.05).The 95％ confidence upper limits of all subjects' AE values were less than 3°.Conclusion The major findings of this study suggest that the test-retest reliability of the knee JPS were moderate using Biodex System 3 dynamometer,and selecting a target angle of passive replication test can achieve the same purpose in 30° to 60°knee flexion.The clinical significance should be taken into consideration when the AE changes were greater than 3 degrees.

Objective:To explore role of sodium/chloride transporter member 3 (SLC12A3 ) gene haplotype mutation on Mongolians with essential hypertension (EH) .Methods:A total of 170 EH Mongolians (EH group) and 220 normotensive Mongolians (normotensive group) specimens were collected from Xilin Gol league .Mononucleotide sites (tagSNP) were se-lected using Haploview software ,genotypes were divided using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and SHESIS on-line analysis software was used to establish haplotype .Results:(1) Body mass index (BMI) ,blood lipids (except high den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol ) and blood pressure of EH group were significantly higher than those of normotensive group , P<0.01;(2) A total of nine tagSNPs were screened from frequent polymorphic mononucleotides (SNPs) of SLC12A3 gene ,and there existed strong linkage disequilibrium (D′> 0.8) in three polymorphic sites (rs2289009 ,rs13306673 and rs7204044 ) .These three polymorphic sites constituted four frequent haplotypes with frequency >3% in total ,and frequen-cy of haplotype GCA in EH group was significantly lower than that of normotensive group (9.4% vs .16.6% ) ,OR=0.52 ,95% CI 0.33~0.84. Conclusion:There is relationship between GCA haplotype of SLC12A3 and hypertension in Mongolians ,individuals with GCA haplotype have a lower risk of hypertension .

Moral injury in the war has been taken seriously since it has been gradually raised as an important military psychological problem.War is not the flavor of a quiet life,nor is it the ideal place to achieve the hero dream.Strong battlefield impact and ethical challenges likely cause moral injury to those innocent soldiers.Based on the American classic war films such as“ Closed Island”,“Born on July 4”,“Field Row” and “Snowden”,this paper mainly expounded the ethical thinking off our causes of moral injury including massacre of the prisoners of war,injustice war,betrayal of the senior officer,and hegemonic government.