Empathy is crucial for communication and survival for individuals. Whether empathy in pain contagion shows sex differences and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that pain contagion can occur in stranger female rats, but not in stranger males. Blocking oxytocin receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) suppressed pain contagion in female strangers, while oxytocin administration induced pain contagion in male strangers. In vitro, corticosterone reduces neuronal activation by oxytocin. During male stranger interactions, higher corticosterone decreased oxytocin receptor-positive neuronal activity in the ACC, suppressing pain contagion. These findings highlight the role of oxytocin in pain contagion and suggest that sex differences in empathy may be determined by the balance of oxytocin and corticosterone in the ACC. This study suggests an approach for the treatment of certain mental disorders associated with abnormal empathy, such as autism and depression.
Animals ; Oxytocin/pharmacology* ; Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects* ; Male ; Female ; Corticosterone/pharmacology* ; Empathy/drug effects* ; Sex Characteristics ; Receptors, Oxytocin/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Pain/psychology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Neurons/metabolism*

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Due to the cumbersome reimbursement process and inefficiency of the traditional medical process,health insurance credit senseless payment has become one of the ways for health insurance departments and designated medical institutions to improve the efficiency of payment and the convenience of patients'utilization of health insurance services.However,at the present stage,the relationship between multiple stakeholders in health insurance credit insensitive payment is still in the"cooperative game"mode of general public-private cooperation,which affects the effect of the implementation of health insurance credit insensitive payment.Therefore,it analyzes the cooperative game relationship between multiple interest subjects,and based on the theory of incentive compatibility,constructs the realization path from cooperative game to incentive compatibility of multiple interest subjects in health insurance credit insensitive payment,forming a three-dimensional mechanism of"cooperation constraint,incentive distribution,supervision and accountability",and promoting the construction of health insurance credit insensitive payment system and the realization of the policy objectives.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

ObjectiveTo assess the level of internal exposure to PCP in a community population in Shanghai， to investigate the factors affecting the level of PCP， and to analyze the correlation between the exposure and thyroid hormone levels. MethodsA total of 464 residents of a community in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the demographic information， dietary situation， lifestyle and behavioral habits， and disease history of the individuals， and blood samples were collected. Gas chromatography-electron trap was applied to determine the PCP levels in serum. Multicategorical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of PCP exposure in humans. Thyroid hormone levels were used as the dependent variable and serum PCP as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between PCP and thyroid hormones in the community population after controlling the confounding factors such as age， gender， literacy， annual personal income， and chronic diseases. ResultsThe detection rate of serum PCP in 464 subjects was 90.3%， and the median serum PCP level was 0.43 μg·L^-1. The differences in PCP levels among different age groups were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in PCP levels among different gender and BMI groups. The study of PCP exposure factors showed that age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of freshwater fish， type of occupation， annual income， and consumption of tea or coffee were the potential influencing factors for PCP exposure. Among them， age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of tea or coffee， and consumption of freshwater fish were positively associated with PCP levels， and annual personal income was negatively associated with it. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that among men， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.105， 95%CI：0.017‒0.313） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.026， 95%CI：-0.057‒0.004）， and among women， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.092， 95%CI：-0.211‒0.904） and FT3 （b=0.017， 95%CI：-0.058‒0.230） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.013， 95%CI：-0.011‒0.037）. ConclusionSerum PCP detection is common among community residents in Shanghai. Different demographic characteristics or behavioral habits may increase or decrease PCP exposure. PCP exposure then affects human thyroid hormone levels.

Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effects of the Shaoyao Gancao decoction (SGD) against excitatory damage in PC12 cells and the role of the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway mediation by SGD in regulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamate (Glu) homeostasis. Methods: N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) was used to establish a PC12 cell excitability injury model. To investigate the neuroprotective effect of SGD, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine PC12 cell viability, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (Annexin V/PI) double staining was used to determine PC12 cell apoptosis, and Ca2+ concentration was observed using laser confocal microscopy. GABA receptor agonists and antagonists were used to analyze the neuroprotective interactions between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and NMDA receptors. Additionally, molecular biology techniques were used to determine mRNA and protein expression in the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway. We analyzed the correlations between the regulatory sites of GABA and NMDA interactions, excitatory neurotoxicity, and brain damage at the molecular level. Results: NMDA excitotoxic injury manifested as a significant decrease in cell activity, increased apoptosis and caspase-3 protein expression, and a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Administration of SGD, a GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol), or a GABAB receptor agonist (baclofen) decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, attenuated apoptosis, and reversed NMDA-induced upregulation of caspase-3, Src, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, and nNOS. Unexpectedly, a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline) and a GABAB receptor antagonist (saclofen) failed to significantly increase excitatory neurotoxicity. Conclusions Taken together, these results not only provide an experimental basis for SGD administration in the clinical treatment of central nervous system injury diseases, but also suggest that the Src-NR2A-nNOS pathway may be a valuable target in excitotoxicity treatment.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Due to the cumbersome reimbursement process and inefficiency of the traditional medical process,health insurance credit senseless payment has become one of the ways for health insurance departments and designated medical institutions to improve the efficiency of payment and the convenience of patients'utilization of health insurance services.However,at the present stage,the relationship between multiple stakeholders in health insurance credit insensitive payment is still in the"cooperative game"mode of general public-private cooperation,which affects the effect of the implementation of health insurance credit insensitive payment.Therefore,it analyzes the cooperative game relationship between multiple interest subjects,and based on the theory of incentive compatibility,constructs the realization path from cooperative game to incentive compatibility of multiple interest subjects in health insurance credit insensitive payment,forming a three-dimensional mechanism of"cooperation constraint,incentive distribution,supervision and accountability",and promoting the construction of health insurance credit insensitive payment system and the realization of the policy objectives.

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),a representative hypoxic tumor,has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment.To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)in OSCC,Single cell(SC)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed.The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data.The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-,normal-,or hypometabolic regions.CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others.Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis,it was found that in the hypermetabolic region,fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts(iCAFs),and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12.The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells(Tregs),leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC,ST and TCGA bulk data,and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Due to the cumbersome reimbursement process and inefficiency of the traditional medical process,health insurance credit senseless payment has become one of the ways for health insurance departments and designated medical institutions to improve the efficiency of payment and the convenience of patients'utilization of health insurance services.However,at the present stage,the relationship between multiple stakeholders in health insurance credit insensitive payment is still in the"cooperative game"mode of general public-private cooperation,which affects the effect of the implementation of health insurance credit insensitive payment.Therefore,it analyzes the cooperative game relationship between multiple interest subjects,and based on the theory of incentive compatibility,constructs the realization path from cooperative game to incentive compatibility of multiple interest subjects in health insurance credit insensitive payment,forming a three-dimensional mechanism of"cooperation constraint,incentive distribution,supervision and accountability",and promoting the construction of health insurance credit insensitive payment system and the realization of the policy objectives.