BACKGROUND:As a common disease in middle-aged and elderly,osteoarthritis is difficult to cure,and the pathogenesis is not clear.Long non-coding RNA participates in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis through many ways,such as regulating translation,promoting or inhibiting mRNA,and adsorbing miRNAs. OBJECTIVE:To review the types of common long non-coding RNA in osteoarthritis,and the influence of multiple long non-coding RNAs on the pathological factors related to osteoarthritis,to analyze the future application of long non-coding RNAs in osteoarthritis. METHODS:Literature retrieval was conducted in CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP database,PubMed,Web of Science and Sciencedirect databases,using the search terms of"osteoarthritis,degenerative joint disease,degenerative arthritis,OA,LncRNA,long non-coding RNA,long noncoding RNA,long intergenic non-coding RNA"in Chinese and English.All relevant literature published from 1976 and May 2024 was retrieved.After literature screening,induction,analysis and summary,93 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This review collected 25 long non-coding RNAs that are well studied with osteoarthritis.Long non-coding RNAs,as a molecular sponge for miRNA,are competing endogenous RNAs to competitively adsorb miRNAs and then affect downstream targets.Long non-coding RNAs can regulate physiopathological processes such as chondrocyte apoptosis and proliferation,cartilage extracellular matrix degradation,and inflammatory responses.Long non-coding RNAs are expected to become a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis of osteoarthritis,and it may become a new strategy for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis in the future.

ObjectiveTo understand the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitalized patients in a tertiary sentinel hospital in Shanghai, so as to provide an evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. MethodsData of MDROs strains and corresponding medical records of some hospitalized patients in a hospital in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023 were collected, together with an analysis of the basic information, clinical treatment, underlying diseases and sources of sample collection. ResultsA total of 134 strains of MDROs isolated from hospitalized patients in this hospital were collected from 2021 to 2023 , including 63 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 57 strains of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and 14 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Of the 134 strains, 30 strains were found in 2021, 47 strains in 2022 and 57 strains in 2023. The male-to-female ratio of patients was 2.05∶1, with the highest percentage (70.90%) in the age group of 60‒<90 years. The primary diagnosis was mainly respiratory disease, with lung and respiratory tract as the cheif infection sites. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains between different genders and infection sites (P>0.05). However, the differences in the distribution of strains between different ages and primary diagnosis were statistically significant (P<0.05). Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), had urinary tract intubation, were not artery or vein intubated, were not on a ventilator, were not using immunosuppresants or hormones, and were not applying radiotherapy or chemotherapy were in the majority. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains for whether received radiotherapy or chemotherapy or not (P>0.05), while the differences in the distribution of strains with ICU admission history, urinary tract intubation, artery or vein intubation, ventilator use, and immunosuppresants or hormones use or not were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The type of specimen was mainly sputum, the hospitalized ward was mainly comprehensive ICU, the sampling time was mainly in the first quarter throughout the year, the number of underlying diseases was mainly between 1 to 2 kinds, the application of antibiotics ≥4 kinds, and those who didn’t receive any surgery recently accounted for the most. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of strains between different specimen types, wards occupied and history of ICU stay (P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference in the distribution of strains between different sampling times, number of underlying diseases and types of antibiotics applied (P>0.05). ConclusionThe situation of prevention and control on MDROs in this hospital is still serious. Focus should be placed on high-risk factors’ and infection monitoring and preventive measures should be strengthened to reduce the incidence rate of MDROs infection.

Depression, a mental health disorder, has emerged as one of the significant challenges in the global public health domain. Investigating the pathogenesis of depression and accurately assessing the symptomatic changes are fundamental to formulating effective clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Utilizing non-invasive brain imaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and scalp electroencephalography, existing studies have confirmed that the onset of depression is closely associated with abnormal neural activities and altered functional connectivity in multiple brain regions. Magnetoencephalography, unaffected by tissue conductivity and skull thickness, boasts high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, offering unique advantages and significant value in revealing the abnormal brain mechanisms and neural characteristics of depression. This review, starting from the rhythmic characteristics, nonlinear dynamic features, and connectivity characteristics of magnetoencephalography in depression patients, revisits the research progress on magnetoencephalography features related to depression, discusses current issues and future development trends, and provides insights for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as for clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression.
Humans ; Magnetoencephalography/methods* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Depression/diagnosis* ; Electroencephalography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Hypoxia and aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are considered important features of various malignancies. However, whether hypoxia can directly trigger EGFR activation and its clinical implications remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that in oral cancer, a typical hypoxic tumor, hypoxia can induce chronic but constitutive phosphorylation of wild-type EGFR in the absence of ligands. Oral cancer cell lines exhibit different EGFR phosphorylation responses to hypoxia. In hypoxic HN4 and HN6 cells, ubiquitination-mediated endocytosis, lysosomal sorting, and degradation lead to low levels of EGFR phosphorylation. However, in CAL-27 and HN30 cells, a novel HIF-1α-induced long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), EUDAL, can compete with the E3 ligase/adaptor complex c-Cbl/Grb2 for binding to EGFR, stabilizing phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) and resulting in sustained activation of EGFR and its downstream STAT3/BNIP3 signaling. STAT3/BNIP3-mediated autophagy leads to antitumor drug resistance. A high EUDAL/EGFR/STAT3/autophagy pathway activation predicts poor response to chemotherapy in oral cancer patients. Collectively, hypoxia can induce noncanonical ligand-independent EGFR phosphorylation. High EUDAL expression facilitates sustained EGFR phosphorylation in hypoxic tumor cells and leads to autophagy-related drug resistance.
Humans ; ErbB Receptors/metabolism* ; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism* ; Cell Hypoxia ; Autophagy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/metabolism*

Due to the cumbersome reimbursement process and inefficiency of the traditional medical process,health insurance credit senseless payment has become one of the ways for health insurance departments and designated medical institutions to improve the efficiency of payment and the convenience of patients'utilization of health insurance services.However,at the present stage,the relationship between multiple stakeholders in health insurance credit insensitive payment is still in the"cooperative game"mode of general public-private cooperation,which affects the effect of the implementation of health insurance credit insensitive payment.Therefore,it analyzes the cooperative game relationship between multiple interest subjects,and based on the theory of incentive compatibility,constructs the realization path from cooperative game to incentive compatibility of multiple interest subjects in health insurance credit insensitive payment,forming a three-dimensional mechanism of"cooperation constraint,incentive distribution,supervision and accountability",and promoting the construction of health insurance credit insensitive payment system and the realization of the policy objectives.

In order to promote the development of grassroots hospitals through targeted assistance,ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University took the lead in responding in Guangdong Province and established a tight-ly-knit specialty alliance belonging to Zhujiang.It introduces the construction content,principles and measures of Zhujiang Tightly-Knit Specialty Alliance,and proposes a dual-promotion management model for the tightly-knit Spe-cialty Alliance.A comprehensive comparison of the changes in specialized technical capabilities and medical quality of Guangning County People's Hospital before and after aid shows that the close specialist alliance has achieved initial results in effectively promoting the sinking of resources and improving the medical technology capabilities and quality of member units.It is of great practical significance for further promoting the development of specialist alliances and filling the shortcomings of primary medical institutions.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

Objective To explore the mechanism of tumor-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)for regulating proliferation and migration of prostate cancer(PCa)cells.Methods We conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNAs with high expression in PCa.The proliferation,migration and hsa-miR-18b-5p expression levels were observed in PCa cells co-cultured with CAFs.We further examined hsa-miR-18b-5p expression level in 20 pairs of PCa and adjacent tissue samples and in different PCa cell lines and normal epithelial cells using RT-qPCR.In PCa cell lines C4-2 and LNCAPNC,the effects of transfection with a hsa-miR-18b-5p inhibitor on cell proliferation,migration,invasion,drug resistance,apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated,and the effects of has-miR-18b-5p knockdown on C4-2 cell xenograft growth and mouse survival were observed in nude mice.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the targeting relationship between hsa-miR-18b-5p and its target genes,whose expressions were detected in PCa cells using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results The expression of hsa-miR-18b-5p was significantly increased in the co-culture of CAFs and PCa cell lines,which exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and migration abilities.Transfection with has-miR-18b-5p inhibitor strongly attenuated the effect of CAFs for promoting proliferation and migration of PCa cells,and in C4-2 and LNCAP cells cultured alone,inhibition of hsa-miR-18b-5p obviously suppressed cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and drug resistance.In the tumor-bearing mice,hsa-miR-18b-5p knockdown in the transplanted cells significantly inhibited xenograft growth and increased the survival time of the mice.Target gene prediction suggested that FBXL3 was a potential target of hsa-miR-18b-5p,and dual luciferase reporter gene confirmed a binding site between them.In C4-2 and LNCAP cells,hsa-miR-18b-5p knockdown resulted in significantly increased expression levels of FBXL3.Conclusion CAFs promotes proliferation and migration of PCa cells by up-regulating hsa-miR-18b-5p to suppress FBXL3 expression.

Objective To investigate renal expression level of STING in mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)and its regulatory role in IRI.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group,IRI(induced by clamping the renal artery)model group,IRI+DMSO treatment group,and IRI+SN-011 treatment group.Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of the mice were analyzed,and pathological changes in the renal tissue were assessed with PAS staining.RT-qPCR,ELISA,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of STING,KIM-1,Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3,TLR4,P65,NLRP3,caspase-1,CD68,MPO,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in the renal tissues.In the cell experiment,HK-2 cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)were treated with DMSO or SN-011,and cellular STING expression levels and cell apoptosis were analyzed using RT-qPCR,Western blotting or flow cytometry.Results In C57BL/6 mice,renal IRI induced obvious renal tissue damage,elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels and renal expression levels of KIM-1,STING,TLR4,P65,NLRP3,caspase-1,caspase-3,Bax,CD68,MPO,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,and reduction of Bcl-2 expression level.Treatment of the mouse models with SN-011 for inhibiting STING expression significantly alleviated these changes.In HK-2 cells,H/R exposure caused significant elevation of cellular STING expression and obviously increased cell apoptosis rate,which was significantly lowered by treatment with SN-011.Conclusion Renal STING expression is elevated in mice with renal IRI to exacerbate renal injury by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and promoting inflammation and apoptosis in the renal tissues.