Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was characterized as a powerful vasoconstrictor and mitogen for smooth muscle. ET-1 binds to two types of receptors: ET_ A-R and ET_ B-R. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a severe condition characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PH can be treated by antagonism of ET-1.

With the aggravation of aging of the population,the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)has been steadily increasing,mild cognitive impairment (MCI)is considered as a cognitive state between aging and dementia.However,the diagnosis of AD and MCI is difficult and mainly depends on the clinical symptoms and the corresponding assessment scales,lacking of the application of biological markers.In this paper,we presented a general review of the biological markers related to AD and MCI,so as to provide reference for their clinical use.

Objective:To prepare and identify the monoclonal antibody against hPPAR?2.Methods:cDNA of hPPAR?2 was obtained from pMD18-T/hPPAR?2.hPPAR?2 was expressed in prokaryocyte and purified successfully.The anti-hPPAR?2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1B4,3H2,3H10,10D6 and 10D8 were produced by immunization with purified hPPAR?2.The specificity of the antibodies was identified by ELISA,Western blot assay and immunocytochemistry.Results:Five novel murine monoclonal antibodies only against hPPAR?2 were harvested,and they were all specific to hPPAR?2.Conclusion:The antibodies obtained provide more useful tools for following research and settling the basis for screening new drugs and mechanism.

Objective To study anti-radiation behavior of plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings. Methods The anti-radiation capacity of 16Mn steel which was coated with 0.1 mm plasma sprayed boron carbide were studied. The irradiation beams were 6,10,15 MY X-ray and 6,9,12,15 MeV electron emitted by accelerator, X-ray emitted by 60Co machine,fast neutron, and X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray ma-chine. Results Anti-radiation capacity of plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings was not found for X-ray beams emitted by accelerator and 60Co machine. For electron beams,the anti-radiation capacity were found. The deeper of location, the stronger was anti-radiation. However, the anti-radiation capacity was not good. For fast neutron,the anti-radiation capacity was good. For X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray machine,the anti-radiation was good,and only 0.1 nun plasma sprayed boron carbide had 15% attenuation. Conclusions The plasma sprayed boron carbide coatings have the anti-radiation capacity for X-ray emitted by kilovoltage X-ray machine in medical field.

Chinese materia medica (CMM) has double complexity in bioactive ingredient and its mechanism. It is difficult to explain by the modern biomedicine theory So it seriously restricts the modernization of CMM The modern CMM should have the high quality standard to meet the needs of international standard It can be guaranteed by spreading the GAP for Chinese medicinal materials and GMP for standard production The mechanism depends on using the DNA microarray to set up “the gene expression difference chart”, to study on the combination of CMM and gene expression difference chart Meanwhile, we can establish a totally new method of screening modern CMM based on the gene expression difference chart, it can really make the modernization and internationalization of CMM

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric impact from collimator angles during the VMAT planning for upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods VMAT plans for 8 cases of upper thoracic esophageal were studied.Ten different plans with respective collimator angles (0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 degrees) were determined for each case,and the treatment planning parameters were compared.Results The 20 degree group represented with best performance,and 0 and 45 degree group were most frequently used in clinical practice.Statistical analysis shown that among these groups,V10,V15 and V30of total lung were significantly different (F =5.328,8.033,28.424,P ＜ 0.05),and differences of maximal dose of spinal cord and total MU were also significant (F =9.608,4.464,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions A proper collimator angle is important in VMAT planning for upper thoracic esophageal and may lead to optimal results.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is considered safe for diagnosis of meniscus injury,having accuracy as high as 80% to 100%.However,it is found that there are some false positive and false negative in the clinic.OBJECTIVE: Through assessment of menisci injuries of the knee using magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy,to investigate MRI manifestation in different types of meniscal injuries.METHODS: A study from January 2003 to December 2008 was performed in 212 patients with knee injury undergoing preoperative MRI.Radiograph was read by physicians who had a senior professional title from radiology and orthopaedics departments,and meniscus damage and damage morphology were predicted.Arthroscopy was conducted by chief physician.Meniscus damage during surgery was considered as gold standards.The accuracy of them was compared.The statistics of accuracy of MRI diagnosis was gathered.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 212 patients and 230 knees were included,and a total of 215 knees of meniscus injury were described by MRI diagnosis and 213 knees of meniscus injury were proven by arthroscopy.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of meniscus injury respectively were 93.5%,64.7%,93.0%.It is found that the sensitivity of MRI diagnosis of bucket-handle damage is high.MRI is easy to miss diagnosis in a light meniscus posterior horn tear,and resuts are more false positive in lateral meniscus injury.It needs arthroscope operation or further surgery in some condition such as gradeⅢ type injury,meniscus displacement after injury and articular capsule separation,which indicates instable meniscus.

Objective To understand the homology of clinical isolates from patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infection and isolates from environment in a medical institution.Methods One CRKP strain isolated from a patient in this hospital and 4 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)isolated from patient's surroundings were collected,susceptibility of 5 strains to commonly used antimicrobial agents was detected,production of carbapenems in 5 strains were detected by modified Hodge testing and carbapenem inactivation method(CIM),homology analysis was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Results Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that 5 strains of K.pneumoniae(1 from patient,4 from the patient's ward surroundings,including hands of nursing aides,solution bottle opening,handle for lifting and dropping bed,and bedrail)were all resistant to other antimicrobial agents except to cephamycin and aminoglycosides.The modified Hodge testing and CIM confirmed that 5 strains all produced carbapenemases;PFGE results showed that electrophoretogram of CRKP isolated from solution bottle opening of ward,bedrail,and handle for lifting and dropping bed were the same as CRKP isolated from patient,while electrophoretogram of CRKP isolated from hands of nursing aides had 2 different bands,there was a close relationship between the strains.Conclusion The same type of CRKP were isolated from patient and his surroundings,it is necessary to implement healthcare-associated infection(HAI)control system,isolate infected patient,and strengthen environmental cleaning and disinfection,so as to avoid the outbreak of HAI.

Objective To investigate the value of fused 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF images in diagnosis of intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome.Methods 26 patients with intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome were examined using 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF sequence.After 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF were fused by different times,the quality of image as well as the ability of j udging the relationship between nerves and blood vessels was analyzed and compared between the original images and the fused images.Results In this study,the fused images by adding one 3D-SPACE sequence and one 3D-TOF sequence showed the highest accurate than others(2 1 cases),and the j udgement of the relationship between the responsible blood vessels and nerve accor-ded with the surgical results to the highest extent (P<0.05).Conclusion The fusion image of 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF se-quence can improve the diagnostic ability of the intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome,and the appropriate proportion of the fusion image can show the relationship between the nerve and blood vessel.

Objective To understand the change of transient bacteria on surface in clinical ward before and after terminal disin‐fection ,provide the basis for controlling of hospital infection .Methods Surface samples were collected before and after terminal dis‐infection in infected patch of our hospital ,and then bacterial in the samples were cultured and identified .Compared changes about number and type of samples bacterial ,distribution of common clinical pathogenic bacteria before and after of the terminal disinfec‐tion .Results The surface colony number < 10 CFU /cm2 accounted for 63 .54% after terminal disinfection ,compared with the dis‐infection before 56 .29% ,increased 7 .25 percentage points .Surface sampling microorganism detecting rate decreased by 6 .74% . Surface average bacteria colony had different degree decreased before and after disinfection ,except the bed frame and quilt cover . Water tap ,which was the largest amount of bacteria surface ,followed by the bedside table .Before and after disinfection ,the mainly common microorganism was environment bacteria in infected patch ,including coagulase negative staphylococcus ,gram positive ba‐cilli ,Micrococcus ,Acinetobacter spp .Clinical common pathogenic bacteria mainly isolated from the department of brain surgery (9 .49% ) ,department of hepatology(8 .76% ) ,department of dermatology (8 .76% ) ,department of pediatrics (8 .03% ) ,emergency department (7 .30% ) .Pathogenic bacteria living areas were mainly the bedside table (21 .17 % ) ,water tap (18 .25% ) ,bed rest (12 .41% ) .Conclusion Terminal disinfection could effectively reduce the number of bacteria in the infected patch ,improve the ward environmental sanitation quality ,it have an important significance in the prevention of hospital infection control .