Exposure to high concentration fluoride could do harm to many systems and organs. Recently,great progress has been mad e on the effect of fluoride exposure on immune function including cell immunity, mucosal immunity and cytokines. The aim of this review is to report it.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Ful-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of “lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metalic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium aloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials wil be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of multislice CT (MSCT) on the misdiagnosis reasons of children bronchial foreign body, avoid missed diagnosis, to achieve reasonable application. METHOD: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosed cases of data were retrospectively analyzed in our department of suspicious in children with bronchial foreign body, and discuss the misdiagnosis reasons. RESULT: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosis of children with 9 cases by MSCT examination showed no obvious foreign matter. Through bronchoscopy intraoperative found foreign body, 5 cases by multislice CT (MSCT) to found foreign body, 4 cases of phlegm scabs, 1 case is inflammatory granulation, all recovered after treatment. Reasons of misdiagnosis were threshold selection error, scanning level from the inception glottis, imaging error, etc. CONCLUSION MSCT is a very valuable diagnostic on airway foreign body check method, but there are certain limitations, we should improve the understanding of misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective To explore the protective effects of peritoneal dialysis on tissue and organ damage induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) . Methods Thirty-four AHNP patients were randomly divided into PD group ( n = 21) and control group (n=13). Control group was treated with conventional therapy, while PD group was treated with conventional therapy companied by intermittent peritonea] dialysis (IPD). Urinary and serum amylase, the plasma levels of TNF and IL-1, faecal occult blood test and serum leucocyte were examined. Functions of brain, kidney , liver and heart were observed. Results The protective effect was better in PD group than that in normal group (P

Objective To explore the optimal timing of liver transplantation for acute liver failure,and analyze relative risk factors affecting patients' prognosis.Methods We retrospectively analyze perioperative clinical data of 50 patients suffering from acute liver failure who underwent liver transplantation between March 2005 and June 2010 in Organ Transplantation Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Patients were divided into survival group and death group.Clinical data before operation were collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Risk factors influencing the perioperative mortality were selected and were used to direct the operation time.Results There were 50 patients who underwent liver transplantation and 11 cases died during perioperative phase.Five patients died of respiratory infection,three of acute renal failure,one of digestive tract hemorrhage,one of primary allograft failure and one of multiple organ failure.The perioperative,one-year and three-year survival rate were 78％,74％ and 72％ respectively.In the univariate analysis,age,bilirubin level,prothrombin time,creatinine level,grade of encephalopathy and MELD score were found to be significantly different between survival group and death group.The multivariate analysis revealed that age≥65 y,INR ≥3.5,creatinine level ≥ 2.5 mg/dl and MELD score ≥ 40 were independent risk factors affecting survival.Conclusions Liver transplantation is an effective treatment of choice for acute liver failure.Appropriate timing of transplantation helps achieve a high survival rate.

Objective To explore the effect of Sunset Abelmoschus on podocyte injury in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham operation group (n=10),model group (n=10),Sunset Abelmoschus low dose group (0.5 g·kg-1· d-1 n=10),middle dose group (1.0 g· kg-1· d-1,n=10) and high dose group (2.0 g· kg-1· d-1,n=10).Unilateral nephrectomy combined repeated adriamycin injection were performed to establish adriamycininduced nephropathy models.The rats were administered with the corresponding dose of Sunset Abelmoschus during the experiment period.Urinary protein,urinary N-acetyl glucose aminotransferase (NAG),serum albumin,serum creatinine and blood lipid were measured before operation and 2,4,6,8 weeks after operation.The rats were sacrificed on week 8 for the renal histological examination,including light microscope and electron microscope.Expression of nephrin was examined by immunofluorescence assays.Results As compared to model group,urinary protein and NAG significantly decreases in Sunset Abelmoschus groups in each time point,especially in high dose group (P＜0.01),meanwhile the serum albumin increased and the disturbance of lipid metabolism was improved in Sunset Abelmoschus groups (P＜0.05).Compared with sham group,Scr increased significantly in model group and Sunset Abelmoschus groups at the 4th week.At the 8th week,Scr in high dose group was lower than that in model group (P＜0.05),and the ratio of glomerular globe sclerosis and segmental sclerosis,tubulointerstitial damage reduced in Sunset Abelmoschus groups,especially in high dose group.The podocyte damage and the extent of foot process fusion were improved in Sunset Abelmoschus groups compared with model group.Expression of nephrin increased in Sunset Abelmoschus groups than that in model group.Conclusion Sunset Abelmoschus can ameliorate proteinuria and renal tissue damage of adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats,whose mechanism may be associated with the improvement of podocyte injury.

Objective To evaluate the gastroesophageal reflux symptom in patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in treating gastroesophageal reflux. Methods Fifty-eight CAPD patients with good clinical and complete dialyzed eondition,who was admitted to the hospital between Jan. 2008 and July 2008, were inquired about their gastroesophageal reflux symptoms using reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ). The patients who had RDQ≥6 and <12 were received esomeprazole 20 mg daily, while those with RDQ≥12 were received esomeparzole 20 mg twice daily. RDQ score was reevaluated 4 weeks after treatment.Results The common symptom was regurgitation (64.70%), followed by acid reflux (52.9 %), non-cardic chest pain (47.1. %) and heart burn (17. 6%). After 4-week treatment, the RDQ was significantly decreased (P< 0. 05). But there was no difference in outcome of treatment between patients with RDQ≥ 12 and RDQ< 12 (P=0. 059). Conclusion The gastroesophageal reflux symptom in CAPD patients can be relieved by PPI administration, but a larger clinical trial is needed to evaluate the course and efficacy of treatment.

AIM To study the nephrotoxicity of various doses of Guangfangji . METHODS Normal Wistar rats were given 1, 5 and 10 g?kg -1 of Guangfangji respectively. Renal pathology and function were observed. RESULTS Rats given 1 g?kg -1 of Guangfangji for 8 weeks showed normal renal function and histology Rats given 5 g?kg -1 of Guangfangji significantly increased 24 hour urinary protein excretion Tubular degeneration and interstitial edema was observed Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creactinine (Scr) remained in the normal range BUN and Scr increased significantly in the group given 10 g?kg -1 of Guangfangji for 4 weeks The tubulointerstitial abnormalities were more severe in the group given 5 g?kg -1 of Guangfangji CONCLUSION Longterm use of pharmacopoeial dose of Guangfangji shows no harm to the kidney.Renal injury may occur if relatively large dose of Guangfangji is given and the period of treatment using this drug is relatively longer

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is considered safe for diagnosis of meniscus injury,having accuracy as high as 80% to 100%.However,it is found that there are some false positive and false negative in the clinic.OBJECTIVE: Through assessment of menisci injuries of the knee using magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy,to investigate MRI manifestation in different types of meniscal injuries.METHODS: A study from January 2003 to December 2008 was performed in 212 patients with knee injury undergoing preoperative MRI.Radiograph was read by physicians who had a senior professional title from radiology and orthopaedics departments,and meniscus damage and damage morphology were predicted.Arthroscopy was conducted by chief physician.Meniscus damage during surgery was considered as gold standards.The accuracy of them was compared.The statistics of accuracy of MRI diagnosis was gathered.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 212 patients and 230 knees were included,and a total of 215 knees of meniscus injury were described by MRI diagnosis and 213 knees of meniscus injury were proven by arthroscopy.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of meniscus injury respectively were 93.5%,64.7%,93.0%.It is found that the sensitivity of MRI diagnosis of bucket-handle damage is high.MRI is easy to miss diagnosis in a light meniscus posterior horn tear,and resuts are more false positive in lateral meniscus injury.It needs arthroscope operation or further surgery in some condition such as gradeⅢ type injury,meniscus displacement after injury and articular capsule separation,which indicates instable meniscus.

OBJECTIVE To study the genotype distribution of CTX-M type ESBLs in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli. METHODS All 138 strains of E. coli were collected from the First and Third Affiliated Hospitals,Zhengzhou University from 2006 to 2007. The CTX-M type ESBLs genes were amplified by PCR,the products were sequenced after purification. RESULTS Eighty-two of 138 ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates were classified with CTX-M type-ESBLs genes,and there were 53,27 and 2 strains contained only one type,two types and three types of CTX-M ESBLs,respectively. Among CTX-M type-ESBLs genes,they were identified with CTX-M-1(43 strains),CTX-M-14(56 strains),CTX-M-25(7 strains) and CTX-M-38 (5 strains). CONCLUSIONS The most popular type of CTX-M ESBLs in E. coli is CTX-M14 in Zhengzhou,and two or three kinds of genotypes can exist in 1 strain.