OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo and tendency of the application of narcotic analgesics in Xinjiang area.METHODS:By a retrospective study,the application data and the related indexes of the narcotic analgesics in 4 general hospitals in Xinjiang area during 2006～2008 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The consumption sum of narcotic analgesics in this area increased year by year with an annual growth rate of more than 80%.Leading the list in terms of DDDs were Morphine sustained-release tablets and fentanyl injection;the DDDs of pethidine injection was on the decrease.CONCLUSION:The application of narcotic analgesics in Xinjiang area tended to be rational more and more;however,its rational use remains to be emphasized further.

BACKGROUND:Periosteal osteoblasts possess strong reproductive activity,as well as osteoblastic differentiation potential,which is an ideal seed cell if can shorten the culture time.OBJECTIVE:Modified enzymatic digestion was used to culture rabbits'osteoblasts.and to study the adherence and proliferation of osteoblasts on the sudace of sandblasting titanium.MEITHODS:Periostea were harvested from the theanteromedial surface of the proximal tibia of male,Japanese white rabbits,and cultured as follow:①Routine method:Digested with 0.25%trypsinase at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes,followed by digestion with 0.1%type I collagenase at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes,vibration.removed trypsinase and dried.After 2 hours,DMEM containing 15% fetal bovine serums were added.②Modified method:30 minutes culture of type I collagenase was prolonged to 1 hour.The osteoblasts were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining and calcium node staining.The adherence and proliferation of osteoblasts cultured on sandblasting surface were measured by scanning electron microscopy and MTT.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Five days after culture.the periosteal steoblasts crawled out from tissues,gathered as monolayer with tdangle or polygon at after 25 days of modified culture.After 1 month of culture,superposition growth of calcium nodus appeared.The cultured cells possessed the morphological characteristic and biological behavior of osteoblasts.which were positive to alkaline phosphorase and calcium node staining.The time of cells cultured with routine method covered flask delayed 12 days than modified method.The osteoblasts were inseted into sandblasting titatium with pseudopodium.However,the adherence and proliferation of osteoblasts cultured on sandblasting surface had no obviously difference between two culture methods.The results suggested that modified enzymatic digestion can sho～en the culture time without effect on adherence and proliferation of osteoblasts.

BACKGROUND:Integfin levels can affect cellular function,regulate bone formation and bone resorption.However,this process need activated by other factors,whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2)has this effect is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of the different concentration of rhBMP-2 on the expression of inergrin β_1 during the mandibular dfScraction in rabbits.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized,controlled.animal grouping experiment of histological observation was performed at the Animal ExperimentaI Center and Immunohistochemistry Center of Liaoning Medical University from May 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 45 Japanese white rabbits were used.rhBMP-2 was supplied by Beijing Academy of Military Medical Sciences.METHODS:The rabbits were prepared for mandibular distraction models and randomly assigned into control,1.5 mg rhBMP-2 and 3.0 mg rhBMP-2 groups.with 15 animals in each group.Collagen sponge and collagen binding proteins were implanted into mandibles of rabbits,respectively,and distraction 0.4 mm per time,twice per day for 5 days.The mandibles were lengthened 4 mm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The expression of integrin 131 was detected using immunohistochemistry at days 1,3,7,14,and 28 after distraction.RESULTS:All rabbits were included in the final analysis.The integdn β_1 mainly expressed at 7 days after distraction.At the same time point.when concenrtation rhBMP-2 was increased,the positive integrin β_1 rate and positive stained area percentage were increased(P<0.05).Compared to the same concentration,the positive integrin β_1 rate and positive stained area percentage were gradually increased as time prolonged (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The integdn β_1 expression can be promoted by rhBMP-2 at the anaphase of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner.

Objective To retrospect and analysis the long-term follow-up results of different kinds of flaps in repairment of the defects in legs and feet' Methods Seven different kinds of flaps or musculocutaneous flaps were used to repair for 66 cases of the soft tissue defect in legs and feet;of the areas from 30 cm ? 15 cm to 6 cm? 4 cm, 28 flaps were transplanted with vessel anastomosis;36 flaps were pedicle and 2 flaps were crossed legs. Results Two flaps with vessel anastomosis were necrosis,three were necrosis partly' Others were healed by first intention. 5 cases of the flaps in foot weight carrying areas were ulceration at different times after operation, 1 case was intraltable ulcer. conclusion The chronic ulceration and infection cause the leg and foot vessel injury,local tissue adhesion and dissection difficultly. all these causes result in blood vessel crisis after operation. It's better to use pedical flap to repair this kind injury. The result is good to use medial flap of foot to rapair the soft tissue defect of heavy load region of foot. If using flap of anastomotic vessel to trasplant, it's much better to use flap containing sensative nerve to repair the defect so that it can satisfy the demand of foot heavy load

Objective To evaluate the osteogenesis of rabbit allogeneic tooth derived bone graft material by histological detection ,so as to provide quality and cheap repair materials for the repair of bone defects in dental implants. Methods The bone graft materials were prepared using rab?bits allogeneic extracted teeth. A total of 28 adult Japanese healthy rabbits were selected to establish the cranial defect model with three 8 mm diam?eter holes. The allogenic tooth derived bone graft material were implanted into the experimental group. The artificial bone repair material was used as the control group,and the control group did not receive any implantion. Tetracycline labeling was performed after operation,the specimens were taken at 4,8 and 12 weeks after operation,and then the gross observation,X?ray examination,preparation of hard tissue sections,and HE staining were carried out. Results Histological analysis at 4,8 and 12 weeks after operation showed that there was an increasing trend the new bone for?mation in both experimental group and the control group ,and the experimental group was better;the trabecular bone structure of the blank group was scarce and the change was not obvious. Conclusion Allogenic tooth derived bone graft materials can promote the repair of bone defect ,and the effect is better than that of artificial bone repair materials.

Objective To study the value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in treatment of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods The 168 cases of ventilator associated pneumonia in ICU were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, each group of 84 cases, were given oxygen, anti-inflammatory, expectorant treatment. Treatment group was given fiber bronchoscope sputum suction and irrigation, control group was given sputum suction tube, then we observed the oxygenation changes after sputum suction of two groups of patients, compared clinical efficacy, sputum culture positive rate, antibiotic using time and staying time in the ICU between two groups of patients. Results Compared with control group, in treatment group SaO2, PaO2 and oxygen index were significantly improved (P< 0.05) ; in treatment group CRP, PCT and IL-6 were significantly improved (P <0.05) . In the treatment group, the total effectiveness is significantly higher than the control group;antibiotic using time and staying time of ICU were obviously shorter than the control group (P< 0.05) . Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopy irrigation treatment can improve oxygenation, antibiotic using time and staying time in ICU of ventilator associated pneumonia patients, and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To develop an operational gene diagnosis method for Chinese Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients Methods Genomic DNAwas double digested with restriction enzymes EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ and EcoRI/BlnI,respectively The digested fragments were separated on a 0 6% agarose gel After transferred to a Nytran SuperCharge Membrane, the fragmented DNAs were hybridized with the probe p13E 11 The hybridizing fragments were analyzed by the software ImageMaster Total Lab v1 11 and the size of each band was then given Results Only a 4q35 EcoRI+HindIII/P13E 11 fragment larger than 33 kb was detected in each of the controls Two fragments were detected in each of the 33 FSHD patients, one of which was smaller than 33 kb Although there was also presence of two small alleles in the 3 other FSHD cases, either of them turned out to be 10q26 derived owing to its BlnI sensitivity Interestingly, we found a sporadic patient who carried three 4q35 type fragments and, strikingly, two of them were smaller than 33 kb In the analysis of FSHD family members, a 9 year old boy with no clinical signs was found to share the small fragment with his affected father, indicating that he may be a pre symptomatic patient Conclusion The double digestion associated Southern blotting method we developed can be applied to both the diagnosis of FSHD patients and the prediction of pre symptomatic patients Furthermore, by the gene detection using this method, we first got the evidence of translocation between 4q and 10q in Chinese FSHD patients, which may be helpful to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of FSHD

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been curently used for tracing the interrelationship between neurons in peripheral and central nervnos system. In order to differentiate endo-and exogenous peroxidases, 15 adult, healthy rats were selected for investigating the distribution of endogenous peroxidase in tissues. Fresh cryostat frozen sections of brain were fixed in fixatives of various concentrations and PH, and sections were made after perfusion of the fixative through heart. They were incubated in media containing DAB and hydrogenperoxide. Potassium cynide or sodium azide was used as inhibitators.The reaction of peroxidase in medula oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothamus, hippocampus and striatum etc were studied with dark field and transmitted light microscope. In the superficial layer of the Ⅲ and Ⅳ ventricles and periaqueductal gray substance of midbrain, there were large number of dark brown peroxidase granules with non neuronal distribution.The peroxidase granules were found in the entire or the dorasal part of locus ceruleus, the ventral part of cerebellum and the dorasal part of hippocampus. Small amount of granules were located in medial nucleus of habenularis, stria medullaris, nucleus supraopticus hypothalami and suprachiasmaticus. Large amount of positive reactive granules were found in nucleus arcuate. Some of them were localized in the perineurons of polydendritic neurons but most of them were of nonneuronal distribution. Sparse granules were also observed in the dorsomedial part of nucleus caudatus putamen and dorsal part of nucleus septicus lateralis. In commisure fornix and corpus callosum, the granules were distributed along the nerve fiber bundle. There were large amount of positive reactive granules around the subfornix organ especially on its dorsal part. To sum up, the main distribution of them are periventricular, periaqueductal gray substance and periventricular organs (such as area postrema, locus coeruleus, nucleus arcuata, subfonix organ and several neurosecretory nuclei of hypothalamus). It seems that the distribution of this enzymes might be closely related to synthesis, metabolism and release of the neurosecretion or transmitters of these nuclei and some of them might act through the cerebro-spinal fluid.

Objective To investigate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on BMP-6 expression during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Methods Twenty-five mature rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Mandibular osteoto?mies were performed corticectomy in bilateral mandibles of rabbits. PRF was implanted in the one side of mandibles, which was used as experimental group. Another side of madibular was used as control group. Rabbits were sacrificed and the dis?tracted calluses were harvested and processed for HE and BMP-6 immunohistochemistry staining at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the end of distraction, respectively. The expressions of BMP-6 in the distracted calluses were analyzed by cell digital imaging software. Results The regenerated bone was found in the distraction gap after mandibular lengthening. Expres?sions of BMP-6 were co-localized in cytoplasm of osteoblasts and newly embedded osteocytes. Compared with control group, the positive cell rate and positive area percentage of BMP-6 were significantly higher on the 1st, 3th and 7th day after the distraction in experimental group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in positive cell rate and positive area per?centage of BMP-6 at 14-day and 28-day after the distraction between experimental group and control group. Conclusion PRF can accelerate bone formation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits. BMP-6 may play important role at the early stage of mandibular distraction.

Background and purpose:The study hasfound that tumornecrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the tumor TRAIL and cisplatin combined application on the growth and apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3, and the possible mechanism.Methods:Under the combined application of cisplatin and TRAIL, MTT method and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of SKOV3 of OVCAR3 cells; the mRNA expression levels of death receptors, DR4 and DR5, were detected by real-time lfuorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). At the same time, the protein expression levels of DR4 and DR5 were detected by Western blot.Results:SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells were sensitive to TRAIL protein, and with the increasing of TRAIL protein concentration, cell growth inhibitory rate up to 64%. When the
combination application of TRAIL and cisplatin, the inhibition rate of the two cells reached more than 92%, and the two drugs showed high synergistic effect, compared with the single drug group (P<0.05). Flowcytometry analysis indicated that the synergistic killing effect of TRAIL and cisplatin was mainly due to the cell apoptosis. RTFQ-PCR and Western blot detection results showed that the DR4 and DR5 were up-regulated under the combined application of TRAIL and cisplatin.Conclusion:In vitro, TRAIL and cisplatin combined application can signiifcantly inhibit the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells and induce tumor cell apoptosis. TRAIL can obviously enhance the sensitivity of cisplatin to tumor cells. The mechanism may be related to the increased death receptor DR4 and DR5 expression level.