As an important member of Tim gene family,T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein (Tim) - 1 mainly expressed in T cell surface and adjust T cells immune response.Recent studies have found that Tim-1 gene polymorphisms may be linked with allergic diseases,autoimmune diseases and infection diseases.The review of relationship between Tim-1 polymorphism and diseases will have profound and long-term impact to expound the pathogenesis,providing new method to prevent and treat diseases.

Objective] To explore teacher Zhou Zhiying’s clinical experience in treating tinnitus by using the electric acupuncture with Gongxue point to improve the blood flow of posterior circulation. [Method] By following teacher Zhou ’s clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as organizing previous clinical cases, to sum up teacher Zhou’s academic thoughts and clinical experience on tinnitus by acupuncture and moxibustion, and with proven cases. [Result] Teacher Zhou believes that the treatment of tinnitus must first clear etiology, discern the actual situation, and then find right selected acupuncture prescription with acupoints along meridians and sydrome differentiation. Teacher Zhou considers that tinnitus is related to the cerebral circulatory insufficiency. And Gongxue point has the effect of improving the brain circulation, therefore Teacher Zhou uses the methods of needling Gongxue point to improve posterior cerebral circulation in the clinical treatment of tinnitus, so it can improve inner ear microcirculation, and promote the recovery of neurological function and promote inflammation subsided. Coupled with electric acupuncture, moxibustion and acupuncture for reinforcing and reducing ,it will bring about a significant effect.[Conclusion] The clinical treatment by using the electric acupuncture with Gongxue point to improve the blood flow of posterior circulation for tinnitus curative effect is distinct. Teacher Zhou has unique clinical experience on tinnitus which is worthy our deep study and reference.

Aim To explore the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC ) on β amyloid peptide 25 - 35 ( Aβ25-35 )-induced the increase of calpain activity and its possible mechanism. Methods The activity of cal-pain was induced by 20μmol·L-1 Aβ 25-35 in primary cortical neuron. Neurons were incubated in the absent or present Aβ25-35 , or pre-incubated NAC ( 10 mmol ·L-1 ) , then co-incubated with Aβ25-35 . The meas-urement of calpain activity, H2 O2 level and mitochon-drial membrane potential was performed on a micro-plate fluorometer. The ATP level was detected using a luciferin/luciferase based ATP assay kit. Results In Aβ25-35 treated group, the activity of calpain and H2 O2 was obviously higher than that in control group. How-ever, in neurons pre-incubated in NAC and then co-in-cubated in Aβ25-35 , the calpain activity and H2 O2 level were significantly decreased compared with that in Aβ25-35 group. Upon Aβ25-35 exposure for 12 h, corti-cal neurons showed a significant decrease in mitochon-drial membrane potential and ATP level when com-pared to the control group. Pre-treatment with NAC showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane poten-tial and ATP level as compared to neurons treated with Aβ25-35 alone for 12h. Conclusion This result sug-gests that NAC can attenuate calpain activity induced by Aβ25-35 through protecting mitochondria.

Objective To analyze the clinical,endocrinal and genetic features of 46,XX male syndrome. Methods Retrospectively collect and analyze the clinical data of 4 cases of 46,XX male sex reversal syndrome. Results Four patients were all sociopsychologically males.Among them,2 cases had cryptorchidism,3 hypospadia and 1 severe chordee with short urethra.Neither ovary nor uterus was detected through B ultrasonography or surgical exploration.Assessment of serum sex hormone suggested hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.Genetic detection indicated 46,XX karyotype as normal female's type. Conclusions 46,XX male has nearly normal male phenotype otherwise with testes dysgenesis and most are infertile.The target of treatment is to correct the urinogenital malformation and to compensate hormone defect with androgen.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of oxycodone for anesthesia when combined with propofol in the patients undergoing induced abortion.Methods Three hundred patients, aged 18-40 yr, weighing 40-70 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective induced abortion, were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =50 each) using a random number table: fentanyl group (group F) and different doses of oxycodone groups (Q1-5 groups).In group F, fentanyl 1 μg/kg was intravenously injected.In Q1-5 groups, oxycodone hydrochloride 20, 40, 60, 100 and 150 μg/kg were intravenously injected, respectively.Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected 1 min later in all the patients, and the operation was started when the eyelash reflex disappeared.The occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, body movement and respiratory depression during operation, and nausea and vomiting within 4 h after operation were recorded.The uterine contraction pain was assessed with numerical rating scale (NRS) at 30 min, 1 h and 4 h after operation.Patient's satisfaction was evaluated at 1 and 4 h after operation.Results With the prolongation of time, NRS score was gradually increased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was gradually decreased in group F (P＜0.05).With the prolongation of time,NRS score was gradually decreased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was gradually increased in Q1-2 groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in NRS score and degree of patient's satisfaction between Q3-5 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group F, NRS score was significantly decreased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was increased at 4 h after operation in Q1-5 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with Q1-2 groups, NRS score was significantly decreased at 30 min and 4 h after operation, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was increased at 4 h after operation in Q3-5 groups (P＜0.05).Among the Q1-5 groups,the incidence of respiratory depression, body movement, and nausea and vomiting was the lowest in group Q4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion When combined with propofol, the optimum dose of oxycodone for anesthesia is 100 μg/kg in the patients undergoing induced abortion.

AIM:To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking condensate on histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and inflammatory mediators in mouse myoblast C 2C12 cells.METHODS:C2C12 cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).HDAC2 siRNA was transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine TM 2000.The levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA , and the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels in CSE group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αin CSE group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05 ) .When the cells were transfected with HDAC2 siRNA followed by CSE stimulation , the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was de-creased , and the supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αwere significantly increased as compared with CSE group and control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Under the oxidative stress condition , C2C12 cells generate high levels of IL-8 and TNF-αby down-regulating the expression of HDAC2.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protection effect of tanshinone IIA (Tan) against triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury and the mechanisms involved. Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TP (1 mg x kg(-1)) in mice. The activities of AST, ALT and LDH in serum and the levels of GSH, GST, GSH-PX, SOD, CAT and MDA in liver tissue were detected. The histopathological changes of liver tissues were observed after HE staining. Nrf2 translocation in liver tissue was detected by Western blotting, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1 mRNA. The results showed that pretreatment with Tan significantly prevented the TP induced liver injury as indicated by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and LDH (P < 0.01). Tan pretreatment also prevented TP-induced oxidative stress in the mice liver by inhibiting MDA and restoring the levels of GSH, GST, SOD and CAT (P < 0.05). Parallel to these changes, pretreatment with Tan could attenuate histopathologic changes induced by TP. Furthermore, the results indicated that Tan pretreatment caused nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 as well as induction of mRNA expression of antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven genes such as GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1. These results indicated that Tan could protect against TP-induced acute liver injury via the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Based upon our previous experiments of acupuncture analgesia, morphine was adopted for comparison with acupuncture analgesia. Ninty four healthy, adult, male rats were divided into three groups: Two morphine(2,10 mg/kg) and one control group. The pain threshold of 10mg/kg morphine group was similar to that of the acupuncture analgesia; that of the 2mg/kg morphine group varied a great deal individually. Another group of 86 rats were selected and divided into three groups: effective acupuncture group, morphine (10mg/kg) group, and the control. After the measurement of pain threshold, the amount of AChE of the locus coeruleus of the animals was measured with a microphotometer. The ACHE reaction of acupuncture group was significantly increased in comparison with the control as well as with the morphine group. That of morphine group was weaker than the control, though without statistical significance. The number of AChE positive cells in nucleus raphe dorsalis of the acupunctured rats was significantly increased, while no significant difference existed between that of the control and morphine groups.The results showed that both acnpuncture and morphine produced effective analgesia. The former seemed, however, to act upon certain nuclei of the central nervous system possibly through the activities of their enzymes. Neurotransmitters may take active part in analgesia and probably a functional regulation of the organism is involved.

This study was to explore the value of maternal serum screen in identification of fetal abnormal chromosome and neural tube defect(NTD). By using time-distinguished fluorescence immunoassay, serum levels of free-β-HCG and alpha fetal protein(AFP)were obtained in 7698 pregnant women at 15～20 +6weeks. and 483 were found at a higher risk of fetal abnormal chromosome. Based on amniotic fluid examination or cord blood testing on 344 high. Risk participants. Fetal abnormal chromosome was found in 18 women with a positive rate of 5. 2%. Twenty-five pregnant women were NTD high-risk, and their positive rate was 0. 3%. B-mode ultrasound identified 6 fetal malformations and 2 fetal deaths ( positive rate of 32. 0%). In high-risk or low-risk group, there were 25. 6%and 7. 7%subjects developed adverse outcome, respectively(P＜0. 05). Our findings suggested that maternal serum screen is an effective prediction factor for fetal abnormal chromosome and NTD.

AIM　To elucidate the structure of the glycan of SPPA-1, a glycoconjugate isolated from Spirulina platensis. METHODS　Methylation analysis, GC/MS, and 1D, 2DNMR techniques were used to determine the structures of the glycoconjugate (SPPA-1). RESULTS　SPPA-1 was only composed of α-D-glucose and shown to be a (1→4) linked α-D-glucan to which a few glucosyl side chains are attached at O-6 of the glucosyl residues of the main chain. CONCLUSION　The glycan of SPPA-1 is a new glucan.