As an important member of Tim gene family,T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein (Tim) - 1 mainly expressed in T cell surface and adjust T cells immune response.Recent studies have found that Tim-1 gene polymorphisms may be linked with allergic diseases,autoimmune diseases and infection diseases.The review of relationship between Tim-1 polymorphism and diseases will have profound and long-term impact to expound the pathogenesis,providing new method to prevent and treat diseases.

Objective] To explore teacher Zhou Zhiying’s clinical experience in treating tinnitus by using the electric acupuncture with Gongxue point to improve the blood flow of posterior circulation. [Method] By following teacher Zhou ’s clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as organizing previous clinical cases, to sum up teacher Zhou’s academic thoughts and clinical experience on tinnitus by acupuncture and moxibustion, and with proven cases. [Result] Teacher Zhou believes that the treatment of tinnitus must first clear etiology, discern the actual situation, and then find right selected acupuncture prescription with acupoints along meridians and sydrome differentiation. Teacher Zhou considers that tinnitus is related to the cerebral circulatory insufficiency. And Gongxue point has the effect of improving the brain circulation, therefore Teacher Zhou uses the methods of needling Gongxue point to improve posterior cerebral circulation in the clinical treatment of tinnitus, so it can improve inner ear microcirculation, and promote the recovery of neurological function and promote inflammation subsided. Coupled with electric acupuncture, moxibustion and acupuncture for reinforcing and reducing ,it will bring about a significant effect.[Conclusion] The clinical treatment by using the electric acupuncture with Gongxue point to improve the blood flow of posterior circulation for tinnitus curative effect is distinct. Teacher Zhou has unique clinical experience on tinnitus which is worthy our deep study and reference.

Objective To analyze the clinical,endocrinal and genetic features of 46,XX male syndrome. Methods Retrospectively collect and analyze the clinical data of 4 cases of 46,XX male sex reversal syndrome. Results Four patients were all sociopsychologically males.Among them,2 cases had cryptorchidism,3 hypospadia and 1 severe chordee with short urethra.Neither ovary nor uterus was detected through B ultrasonography or surgical exploration.Assessment of serum sex hormone suggested hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.Genetic detection indicated 46,XX karyotype as normal female's type. Conclusions 46,XX male has nearly normal male phenotype otherwise with testes dysgenesis and most are infertile.The target of treatment is to correct the urinogenital malformation and to compensate hormone defect with androgen.

Aim To explore the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC ) on β amyloid peptide 25 - 35 ( Aβ25-35 )-induced the increase of calpain activity and its possible mechanism. Methods The activity of cal-pain was induced by 20μmol·L-1 Aβ 25-35 in primary cortical neuron. Neurons were incubated in the absent or present Aβ25-35 , or pre-incubated NAC ( 10 mmol ·L-1 ) , then co-incubated with Aβ25-35 . The meas-urement of calpain activity, H2 O2 level and mitochon-drial membrane potential was performed on a micro-plate fluorometer. The ATP level was detected using a luciferin/luciferase based ATP assay kit. Results In Aβ25-35 treated group, the activity of calpain and H2 O2 was obviously higher than that in control group. How-ever, in neurons pre-incubated in NAC and then co-in-cubated in Aβ25-35 , the calpain activity and H2 O2 level were significantly decreased compared with that in Aβ25-35 group. Upon Aβ25-35 exposure for 12 h, corti-cal neurons showed a significant decrease in mitochon-drial membrane potential and ATP level when com-pared to the control group. Pre-treatment with NAC showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane poten-tial and ATP level as compared to neurons treated with Aβ25-35 alone for 12h. Conclusion This result sug-gests that NAC can attenuate calpain activity induced by Aβ25-35 through protecting mitochondria.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of oxycodone for anesthesia when combined with propofol in the patients undergoing induced abortion.Methods Three hundred patients, aged 18-40 yr, weighing 40-70 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective induced abortion, were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =50 each) using a random number table: fentanyl group (group F) and different doses of oxycodone groups (Q1-5 groups).In group F, fentanyl 1 μg/kg was intravenously injected.In Q1-5 groups, oxycodone hydrochloride 20, 40, 60, 100 and 150 μg/kg were intravenously injected, respectively.Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected 1 min later in all the patients, and the operation was started when the eyelash reflex disappeared.The occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, body movement and respiratory depression during operation, and nausea and vomiting within 4 h after operation were recorded.The uterine contraction pain was assessed with numerical rating scale (NRS) at 30 min, 1 h and 4 h after operation.Patient's satisfaction was evaluated at 1 and 4 h after operation.Results With the prolongation of time, NRS score was gradually increased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was gradually decreased in group F (P＜0.05).With the prolongation of time,NRS score was gradually decreased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was gradually increased in Q1-2 groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in NRS score and degree of patient's satisfaction between Q3-5 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group F, NRS score was significantly decreased, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was increased at 4 h after operation in Q1-5 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with Q1-2 groups, NRS score was significantly decreased at 30 min and 4 h after operation, and the degree of patient's satisfaction was increased at 4 h after operation in Q3-5 groups (P＜0.05).Among the Q1-5 groups,the incidence of respiratory depression, body movement, and nausea and vomiting was the lowest in group Q4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion When combined with propofol, the optimum dose of oxycodone for anesthesia is 100 μg/kg in the patients undergoing induced abortion.

Objective: In this paper the pharmacodynamical mechanism of Heat Asthma Formula(HAF)(Herba Ephedrae, Rhizoma pinelliae, Flos Lonicerae, etc) in the treatment of bronchial asthma was discussed. Methods: By means of the radio labelled aglycone, applying phlogistic medium TXB2, ? receptor on bronchus and cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) in lung tissue used as observed targets. Results: The results showed HAF could inhibit the release of phlogistic medium TXB2, improve the conjugate rate of ? receptor, adjust the proportion between cAMP and cGMP. Conclusion: The treatment on bronchial asthma of “Heat Asthma Formula” was perhaps concerned with above mentioned contents.

Aim To investigate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 and its effects on FN and TGF-β1 expression cultured under high glucose condition in rat glomerular mesangial cells , and then to explore the role of TGR5 in diabetic nephropathy. Methods INT-777 and TGR5 plasmid were used to activate TGR5 under high glucose(HG,30 mmol·L - 1 glucose ) condition, and anti-TGR5 small interfering RNA(TGR5 siRNA) was used to knock down TGR5. The protein expression of FN and TGF-β1 in rat me-sangial cells was detected by Western blot. Results TGR5 could be detected in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Both FN and TGF-β1 protein levels could be in-creased by high glucose compared with control group(P < 0. 05),and be inhibited by activiation of TGR5(P <0. 05). On the other hand,knockdown of TGR5 could increase FN and TGF-β1 protein to abnormal levels(P< 0. 01,P < 0. 05). Conclusion TGR5 suppresses HG-induced FN and TGF-β1 expression in rat glomer-ular mesangial cells,suggesting a protective role in the process of diabetic nephropathy.

This study was to explore the value of maternal serum screen in identification of fetal abnormal chromosome and neural tube defect(NTD). By using time-distinguished fluorescence immunoassay, serum levels of free-β-HCG and alpha fetal protein(AFP)were obtained in 7698 pregnant women at 15～20 +6weeks. and 483 were found at a higher risk of fetal abnormal chromosome. Based on amniotic fluid examination or cord blood testing on 344 high. Risk participants. Fetal abnormal chromosome was found in 18 women with a positive rate of 5. 2%. Twenty-five pregnant women were NTD high-risk, and their positive rate was 0. 3%. B-mode ultrasound identified 6 fetal malformations and 2 fetal deaths ( positive rate of 32. 0%). In high-risk or low-risk group, there were 25. 6%and 7. 7%subjects developed adverse outcome, respectively(P＜0. 05). Our findings suggested that maternal serum screen is an effective prediction factor for fetal abnormal chromosome and NTD.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the way to provide suitable pharmacecaical care for antineophastic drug-induced ADR by clinical pharmacists. METHODS:For one case of 5-FU chemotherapy-induced neutropenia associated with fever and diarrhea, clinical pharmacists provided advices on antibacterial treatment,including imipenem/cilastatin 0.5 g,q6 h,ivgtt;norvancomycin 0.4 g,q6 h,po;levofloxacin 0.4 g,qd,ivgtt;loperamide with initial dose of 4 mg for anti-diarrheal medication,maintaining at 2 mg,q4 h. RESULTS:After 22 days of appropriate antibacterial and anti-diarrheal treatment,the patient's body temperature and he-mogram returned to normal,diarrhea stopped and β-HCG decreased to 61.58 U/L;then the patient was discharged from hospital. CONCLUSIONS:It is beneficial to optimize chemotherapy plan and ADR disposal,and ensure the safety of the treatment that clini-cal pharmacists assist physicans to optimize therapy plan and provide pharmaceutical care.

Objective To explore the clinical features of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) headache. Methods Thirty-six cases with SIH headache who were admitted between August 2009 and September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-five (69.4%) of 36 cases were female, and 11 cases (30.6%) were male. The age of onset was (39.6 ± 11.9) years. All the cases had headache, among whom 91.7% (33/36) had typical postural headache. The common concomitant symptoms were nausea, vomiting and neck stiffness. The average cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was (45.3 ± 28.6) mmH2O (1 mmH2O=0.009 8 kPa) which in male was (67.4 ± 15.4) mmH2O , and in female was (37.3 ± 28.2) mmH2O, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The content of CSF protein was (545.6 ± 377.1) mg/L and the level of IgG was (57.4 ± 41.1) mg/L. Seventeen cases showed abnormality on MRI scan, with diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, subdural hematoma, hyperemia and swelling pituitary. Eleven cases (52.4%, 11/21) showed abnormal on EEG examination, with theta waves and epiletiform waves in bilateral cerebral hemisphere. All cases were cured after conservative treatment, 3 cases relapsed within 1 month and was cured again. Conclusions Typical postural headache, cerebrospinal fluid pressure less than 60 mmH2O, higher levels of CSF protein and IgG, diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement and hyperemia and swelling pituitary on MRI scan are the main features in SIH headache, and this disease has favorable prognosis.