0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of CIN and especially high-grade CIN are higher in patients with positive high risk types of HPV-DNA than negative. HPV-DNA testing has significance in the diagnosis of cervical displasia;HPVDNA testing combined with pap smear and colposcopy can increase the diagnosis of cervical diaplasia.

The bioterrorism-related anthrax, the general situation of anthrax prevalence in China and the latest advances in laboratory diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis were reviewed. The control and prevention measures on anthrax were also introduced and the measures responding to the possible bioterrorism-attack were proposed in this paper.

This paper introduces the effectiveness's concept and classification of military equipment. The generation, development and content of effectiveness study are also presented. The typic methods of evaluating equipment's effectiveness are emphasized. The characteristics of effectiveness evaluations for several kinds of equipments are analyzed based on examples.

Communication is very important in education.This paper combine common factors in effected educative communication with common problems in communication between teachers and students.From systemic and analyzing point of view,discuss promotion of communicative quality that contains surroundings and methods and so on.

The article,taking into account basic content of hierarchical theory of needs,human structure theory and mark theory,analyzed the idea and method of procedural education,environmental education and self-governed education for college students.

Based on a study of children’s behavior and psychological characteristics,the article introduced Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to discuss children’s special needs for medical environment.Hence the authors proposed to meet children’s physiological needs,security needs,social needs,esteem needs,and self-realization needs.Shanghai Children’s Hospital was cited as an example,to present the humanistic expression practices in designing children’s medical environment.

Objective To study the long term results of condylar reconstruction using pedicled patella in the treatment of giant cell tumor of lower femur. Methods From August 1964 to December 1996, 6 patients with giant cell tumor in the lateral condyle of femur were treated with unicondylar resection curettage and reconstruction with pedicled patella autograft. There were 3 males and 3 females. The average age of the pateints was 30.5 years. The operative indications were as the following: tumor was located in one condyle, complicated with pathological fracture or the tumor had invaded underneath cartilage which was difficult for curettage. Surgical procedure included: Lateral condyle resection according to X ray or CT image, curettage of the possible remaining tumor tissues in the medial condyle. A muscle pedicle of 2.5 cm wide from the quadriceps was raised with the patella, then the articular surface of patella was used to reconstruct the articular surface of femoral condyle, ilium graft(sometimes allograft) was used to fill the defect proximal to the patella. The grafts was fixed by screws and(or) plates. Anterior cross ligament was fixed to the patella. Results 6 patients were followed up for a mean period of 136 months. There were no infection, recurrence, metastasis and instability. All patients could walk for a long distance. The range of motion of the involved knees was between 80? and 120?. There was no varus deformity under stress test, but about 5 degrees valgus deformity under stress test could be found in some, muscle strenth was 5 grade. Conclusion Pedicled patella autograft is a good method for the treatment of giant cell tumor that invades unilateral condyle of lower femur, it is specially suitable to the patients with pathological fracture or severe destruction underneath the cartilage. Thorough resection and curretage of the tumor, preserving the blood supply of patella, refixing the cross ligament, and lower placement of patella are the key points to obtain the satisfactory results.

Objective: To investigate the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in the pulmonary edema caused by overinfusion of colloid. Method: Forty healthy rabbits were randomly allocated into (Ⅰ) control group, (Ⅱ) infusion control group: one fold total blood volume of Gelofusine was infused at 2ml?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)(Ⅲ)L-NNA group:LNNA 20 mg/kg was intravenously injected before infusion, (Ⅳ)L-Arg+L-NNA group:L-arginine 300mg/kg and LNNA 20 mg/kg was intravenously injected before infusion. MAP,HR and CVP were recorded during the experiment, arterial blood gas analysis was examined before and after infusion,serumal NO value and lung water content were measured at the end of the experiment. Result: Overinfusion of colloid,L-NNA,an inhibitor of NO synthesis increased the extravascular lung water (EVLW) content and decreased NO value,meanwhile CVP increased,HR,PaO_2 and SaO_2 decreased,excess dose of L-arginine completely reversed the effect of L-NNA. Serumal NO value was negatively correlated with EVLW content (r=-0.94). EVLW content was significantly correlated with total lung water (r=0.41). Conclusion:Endogenous NO can reduce the pulmonary edema caused by overinfusion of colloid.

0.05).Conclusion The standard test methods are more effective in detecting G.lamblia than C.parvum.No G.lamblia and C.parvum contamination has been found in drinking water in the Tianjin and Shenyang.

Objective To study the characteristics, therapies and prognosis of the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) that are initially categorized as extra abdominal adenocarcinoma of unknown primary Methods Twenty five patients with EOC, who were treated in the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from Jan 1986 to Dec 1997, and manifesting as extra peritoneal or liver parenchyma metastases at the time of presentation, without detectable ovarian tumors, were retrospectively studied Results Supraclavicular and inguinal lymph node metastases were common in this group of patients, with 6 and 5 cases respectively, and 6 patients with more than two sites metastases simultaneously 16 patients (64%) were optimally surgical debulked 20 patients with stage Ⅳ EOC initially presenting as extra abdominal metastases experienced a better prognosis, with an estimated median survival of 24 months. Of whom the median survival was 30 months in patients presenting with pleural effusion or supraclavicular lymph node metastases Vs 19 months in those with other sites spread ( P =0 026 4) Conclusions The prognosis of such cases, particularly for those with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy or malignant pleural effusion, is a lot better than other stage Ⅳ EOC patients, probably because of most of the patients initially presenting with distant metastases being generally in a good condition competent for aggressive surgery or multi cycle chemotherapy