The deltoid muscles on both sides of 8 male cadavers were studied within 24 hours after death. According to its fiber architecture, origins and insertions, and nerve distribution, the deltoid muscle was divided into three compartments: an anterior, a middle and a posterior. The muscle samples were taken respectively from the superficial and the deep portion of each compartment of the deltoid muscle. Frozen transverse sections were stained fer myosin ATPase. Muscle fibers were identified as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ. The proportion of fiber types in each portion was calculated on microscopic photographs and mean cross-sectional areas of both fiber types were measured by imaging analytical system. The results showed that the proportion of type Ⅰ fiber in the superficial and deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly higher than that of the corresponding portion of the anterior and posterior compartments, and the proportion in the deep portion of each compartment is higher than that of the superficial one, however no difference was found between the left and right sides. The fiber size among all portions is not obviously different, but the diameter of type Ⅱ fiber in the deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly smaller than that of other portions. Except the deep portion of the middle compartment, the diameter of both fiber types of the right muscle is larger than those of the left one, although statistical analysis showed that the difference is not significant. The authors suggest that the difference of fiber type distribution within the deltoid muscle is closely related with the functional differentiation of the muscle and the characteristic higher typeⅠ fiber proportion and smaller type Ⅱ fiber diamiter in the deep portion of the middle compartment probably indicate that the main function of this portion is to keep the shoulder joint stability.

Objective To summarize the achievement and experience in leprosy control in Jiangxi Province and provide scientific basis for formulation of leprosy strategies. Methods Based on the National Leprosy Recording and Reporting System, epidemiological data of leprosy in Jiangxi Province were analyzed using computer. Results Jiangxi Province was a leprosy medium endemic area with a higher distribution of leprosy in the south than the north. The prevalence, incidence and detection rates were highest in the 1959s or 1960s and had decreased annually since then. Average incidence rate for the recent 5 years (0.1604 per 100 000) and prevalence rate (0.049 per 10 000) in 1998 reached the criteria of basic elimination of leprosy at provincial level, however, still 15 counties or cities not reaching the criteria. Conclusion The comprehensive measures including early detection of cases, immediate treatment with multidrug therapy and effective health education are helpful and important for leprosy control.

0.05).Conclusion The standard test methods are more effective in detecting G.lamblia than C.parvum.No G.lamblia and C.parvum contamination has been found in drinking water in the Tianjin and Shenyang.

Objective To investigate the effect of nalmefene on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-4 months, weighing 220260 g, were randomly allocated to control group (group C), sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group (group I/R), or nalmefene group (group N) using a random number table, with 12 rats in each group.Cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 20 min followed by reperfusion.Group C received no treatment.Group S underwent 20 min exposure of bilateral common carotid arteries and then received suture.In group N, nalmefene 0.1 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion.At 6, 24 and 72 h of reperfusion, venous blood samples were collected for determination of the concentrations of S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.After the last blood sampling, the rats were sacrificed, and brains were removed for determination of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) contents in brain tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group C, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1βcontents in brain tissues were significantly increased in S and I/R groups (P＜0.01).Compared with group S, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1β contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in group I/R (P＜0.01).Compared with group I/R, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1β contents in brain tissues were significantly decreased in group N (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Nalmefene can mitigate cerebral I/R injury in rats.

The pathologic grading and clinical staging systems have some restrictions for the evaluation of the prognosis of prostate cancer.Early detection of prostate cancer with clinically sensitive diagnostic methods and / or tumor specific markers is of prime importance.Recently,close attention has been paid to the effects of genes related to apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes on the development,progression and prognostic value of prostate cancer.The importance of enzymes/proteins and hormone receptors have also received more and more emphasis in the studies of prostate cancer.

Objective:Providing reference basis for effective shorten the average length of stay,this article analyses degree of the medical treatment index and the average length of stay.Methods:This article establishes a model of the weighted grey incidence of optimized grey entropy,and analyzes the influence of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay.Results:According to analyze correlation degree,the influence of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay in order of importance is open berths to count,bunk down times,treatment effectiveness,beds rate of utilization of hospital beds,annual outpatient service quantity,hospital surgery people number and discharge.Conclusions:Weighted grey incidence analysis method based on optimized grey entropy can effectively analyze influence degree of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay,and improving the quality of medical services.

Objective To study the relevant factors of malignant change of colorectal adenoma. Methods The clinical data of 276 cases of colorectal adenoma admitted in our hospital in recent 14 years were analyzed retrospectively . Results Malignant change rate of the adenoma in the left colon was significantly higher than that in right colon(P

Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 200 female patients,aged 25-65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective breast-conservative surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=100 each): oxycodone hydrochloride group (group O) and sufentanil group (group S).Oxycodone 0.2 mg/kg (group O) or sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg (group S) with propofol 2 mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg were administered intravenously for general anesthesia induction.Propofol target-controlled infusion combined with remifentanil were used for maintenance of general anesthesia during the operation.Anesthesia time,awake time,extubation time,total consumption of propofol and remifentanil were recorded.The adverse events and VAS scores after surgery were observed.Results There was no significant difference between groups in anesthesia time,awake time,extubation time,consumption of propofol and remifentanil.Compared with group S,group O had lower VAS score at 2 h after surgery (P<0.05),but with no significant difference at other time points.There was no significant difference at the incidence of moderate pain between group.The incidence of dizziness was 18% in both groups.The incidence of nausea was 11 (11%) in group S and 9 (9%) in group O with no significant difference.Conclusion Taken together,oxycodone hydrochloride used for general anesthesia in breast cancer patient is practicable.

Objective To observe the effects of Angong Niuhuang Bolus(ANB) on vital organ injury and mortality in rats with sepsis.Methods SD rats were randomized into normal control group,model group,and low-,middle-and high-dose ANB groups(in the dose of 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 g?kg-1?d-1 respectively).Except that the normal control group,the rats in other groups received cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) method to induce sepsis through abdominal infection.ANB groups were given gastric gavage of ANB 0.5 hours before CLP and 6 hours after CLP.After CLP for 24 hours,the mortality was observed,serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TB) and creatinine were detected,and pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in all of the rats was examined.Results Serum ALT and TB levels,MAO activity and 24-hour mortality were increased in the model group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Angong Niuhuang Bolus(ANB) on mRNA expression of high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) protein and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung of rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) method.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,AG490(a Janusk kinase inhibitor) treatment group(subcutaneous injection of AG490 8mg/kg 0.5 h before CLP),rapamycin(RPM,a signal transduction and transcription activator inhibitor) treatment group(subcutaneous injection of RPM 0.4 mg/kg 0.5 h before CLP),and low-,middle-and high-dose ANB groups(gastric gavage of ANB in the dose of 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 g?kg-1?d-1 respectively).The animals were sacrificed 24h after CLP,and then lung tissue samples were collected to determine the expression of HMGB1 mRNA by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Meanwhile,the activity of pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) was also measured.Results Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA expression of HMGB1 was significantly enhanced(P