Due to its effectiveness and specificity,RNA interference (RNAi) technology is widely used in the treatment of tumor,viral infectious and metabolic diseases.Noninvasively tracing the delivery of therapeutic RNA molecules in vivo and evaluating the therapeutic effects are important to promote the clinical application of RNAi technology.Molecular imaging allows noninvasive visualization of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level in vivo.It can be used to monitor the biodistribution of therapeutic RNA molecules and to assess the effects of the RNAi.This article reviews the advance of molecular imaging in monitoring the delivery of RNAi molecules and evaluating the therapeutic effects of RNAi.

Objective To evaluate the effect of one stage resection combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer with hepatic metastasis.Methods In this study 17 out of 36 colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastasis underwent one stage tumor resection embolization and chemotherapy via hepatic artery and portal vein through pumps in 10 cases. The remaining 19 cases in which metastatic tumors judged as nonresectable received embolization and chemotherapy alcohol injection and electrothermotherapy for the metastatic tumors.Results Recurrence developed in 6 out of 7 patients not receiving primary combined embolization and chemotherapy. The diameter of tumors in the 19 patients decrased by 57% on average, among which 4 patients underwent secondary resection of the metastatic tumors. The 1,2,3 year′s survival rate was 94%, 82%, 65% in combined group, and 74%, 53%, 32%(P

By reviewing name, type, function and indication of Chinese herbTing-Li-Zi (Lepidii seu Descurainiae) in literatures, there were northernTing-Li-Zi and southernTing-Li-Zi from Song dynasty. It was also known that northernTing-Li-Zi has strong effect and southernTing-Li-Zi had moderate effect. However, there was no strict classification between two types in current clinical practice. The disease prevention and treatment effect of Chinese herbs were depended on their internal features. Disease treatment must be based on syndrome differentiation with corresponding selection of herbs to achieve desired results. Therefore, it is necessary to combine properties with actions in the study of Chinese herbs to provide guidance in clinical practice.

Objective To prospectively investigate superselective renal arterial embolization (SRAE) in the treatment of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage MethodsFrom November 2005 to November 2010,19 patients with iatrogenic renal hemorrhage in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University underwent diagnostic renoarteriography to reveal the site and degree of renal artery rupture,then superselective embolization by coins,or coins combined with spongia gelatinosa were performed for these patients.Results Renal arteriography showed hemorrhage was located at the renal segmental arteries and/ or their branches ( 9 cases at segmental renal artery,6 cases at interlobar artery and 4 cases at arciform artery),two cases were found with simple hemorrhage of segmental renal artery ( SRA ),9 cases with pseudoaneurysm,5 cases with arterio- venous fistula (AVF),3 cases with pseudoaneurysm combined with AVF.Seventeen cases received embolization with coins,while 2 cases with pseudoaneurysmes received embolization with coins and spongia gelatinosa at the same time.Bleeding was successfully ceased immediately and did not recur in all cases.Conclusions Superselective renal arterial embolization could be considered as a safe and effective method to treat hemorrhage of iatrogenic renal vascular injuries..

Adult ; Branchial Region ; Fistula ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery

This article was aimed to study the impact on substance and energy metabolism by chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex among hypoglycemic diabetic mouse model, in order to explain the new hypothesis of the science connotation in nature and flavor of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Male Kunming mice were intraperitoneally injected with a large dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (170 mg·kg-1) to establish type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. Medication was given consecutively for four weeks. The enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect glucosekinase (GCK), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), adenylate kinase (ADK), fumarase (FUM), cytochrome C reductase (CCR), cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and other indicators. Enzymatic detection was used to determine the content of ATP coenzyme (ATPs), the content and ratio of NAD and NADH, the content of myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, as well as the content of ATP and ADP. The results showed that in the model group, the expression of PYGL was increased; and the expressions of GCK and PDH were decreased. It prompted that the source of glucose increased and the expelling of glucose decreased. The glucose level was increased. The COX expression was reduced and the respiratory chain was blocked. It regulated oxidative phosphorylation and the substrate phosphorylation level. It upregulated the expression of CCR, ATPs, NAD+, PGK, α-KGDHC and ADK. However, the expression of FUM was decreased. The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase was decreased significantly. At last, the metabolic disorders appeared. Mori Cortex aqueous extracts and the chemical split fractions significantly increased the GCK and PDH level in substance metabolism among diabetic mice. The levels of PYGL, α-KGDHC, PGK and acetyl-CoA were decreased (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). Meanwhile, it increased ATP and FUM, myocardial cell Na+-K+ ATP enzyme, and COX level in the energy metabolism (P < 0.05). It decreased the level of NAD+, CCR and ATPs (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). It was concluded that both the aqueous extracts and chemical split fractions of Mori Cortex can effectively improve the substance and energy metabolism disorders of diabetic mouse model. This effect may be related to the cold nature of Mori Cortex.

Objective To investigate the effects of fragile X mental retardation protein（FMRP）on the development and migration of cerebellar neurons in mouse model.Methods Plasmids containing FMRPmutant-EGFP or EGFP were established and transfected into the lateral ventricle of the embryo mouse.Fragile X syndrome（FXS）genotype of the mouse model was identified.Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess the changes in neuron development and migration.Results In the experimental group,Nissl staining showed that the deep cerebellar neuclei contracted and divided by white matter,and the non-polarized Purkinje cells retained in internal granular layer;while immunofluorescence staining showed that Tbr2-positive unipolar brush cells changed the migration pathway and accumulated in the ventricular zone.Conclusion Cerebellar neurons showed abnormal formation and migration with the absence of FMRP.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on renal function in patients with hemorrhagic shock undergoing emergency surgery.Methods Sixty patients (27 males, 33 females) with hemorrhagic shock, aged 18-69 years, ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ, required emergency surgery under general anesthesia, were randomized into two groups (n=30 each): dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C).The patients in group D receiving a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg within 10 min) after the induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion rate of 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 till 30 min before the end of surgery, while those in group C received equal volume of normal saline.Venous blood were obtained immediately before beginning of surgery (T1), immediately after surgery (T2), 24 h after surgery (T3) and 72 h after surgery (T4) for detecting the concentrations of the serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the contents of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1).The range ability of the concentration of the serum Scr from T4 to T1 (ΔScr) and the content of the serum HMGB1 from T4 to T1 (ΔHMGB1) were also calculated and recorded.Hemodynamic index (including MAP, HR) and arterial blood gas results were recorded during surgery.Results Compared with T1, MAP, CVP and BE were increased, meanwhile, HR and Lac were decreased at T2, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.No statistical difference was found in BUN at any time point between group D and group C.Compared with T1, Scr decreased in both groups at T2-T4.The ΔScr in group D was higher than that in group C at T4 (P＜0.05).The content of serum NGAL at T4 in group D was significantly dropped when compared with T1 (P＜0.01) and was lower than that in group C (P＜0.05).Compared with T1, the content of serum HMGB1 was significantly decreased in both groups at T2 (P＜0.05);the content of serum HMGB1 at T3 in group C was significantly increased and was higher than that in group D;the ΔHMGB1 in group C was higher than that in group D.Conclusion Hemorrhagic shock could induce acute kidney injury.Perioperative continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine facilitated renal function recovery after ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with hemorrhagic shock through inhibiting the elevation of serum HMGB1.

Objective To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition.Methods 248 patients with esophageal and gastric carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups,and received enteral nutrition(EN)and parenteral nutrition(PN)each continuously for 6 days after operation.The body weight,blood routine test,liver function,and postoperative day 8 were compared with those before operation.Results The body weight,red blood cell count,and the levels of hemoglobin,serum albumin and transaminase decreased less in EN group than those in PN group(P＜0.01).The complication rates of anastomotic fistula,pulmonary infection,and delayedincision healing and average volume of pleural effusion were 0,13.8%,0,780ml in EN groups,while 3.2%,28.2%,7.2%,1842ml in PN group.Conclusion Early postoperative enteral nutirtion after esophageal carcinoma surgery can improve nutritional status and reduce complications in comparision with parenteral nutrition.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the symptoms and lower airway inflammatory factors of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and to observe the effect of nasal irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Sixty-one cases diagnosed as AR after skin prick test (SPT)were selected and randomly divided into three groups: 17 patients in group A used nasal steroid spray; 21 cases in group B used nasal irrigation; 23 patients in group C combined ir rigation with nasal steroid. Before and after 3 months treatment, nasal visual analogue scale (VAS) score, rhino conjunctivtis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) values were observed and compared in each group. RESULT: Before treatment, there is no statistically difference between three groups (P > 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, VAS, RQLQ, FENO of all patients was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); VAS, RQLQ score was not significantly different among the three groups (P > 0.05), FENO value has no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05), but were less than that in group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nasal irrigation can ameliorate nasal symptoms, improve quality of life, decrease lower airway inflammation of allergic rhinitis patients. Nasal irrigation is an effective treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal irrigation combined with nasal steroid can achieve more significant efficacy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Lavage ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult