Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Xinchuan capsules on the excessive activation of neuroendocrine with heart failure.Methods The heart failure animal model was built up using dogs by intravenous pumping of sodium pentobarbital.Water extract of Xinchuan capsules was given through duodenum.Indicators relating to the excessive activation of neuroendocrine changes of each group were observed.Results Xinchuan capsules could significantly increase the density of beta receptors of failure myocardial cells and lower the level of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine,and remarkbly decrease the activity of plasma angiotensin converting enzyme.This played the similar role as the positive control drug metoprolol plus captopril.Conclusion Xinchuan capsules have the regulatory effect on the excessive activation of neuroendocrine with heart failure.TCM treatment for heart failure should not only target the functional disorder of the heart dominating blood circulation and vessels,but also the functional disorder of the heart stores the spirit,that is uneasy mental state.

Objective:To study the correlation among lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] ,its gene polymorphism and degenera‐tive calcific aortic valve disease (DCAVD) .Methods :From Feb 2010 to Jan 2014 ,a total of 164 DCAVD cases trea‐ted in our hospital were enrolled as DCAVD group ,another 164 healthy subjects undergoing physical examination in the same period were selected as normal control group .Relationship among Lp (a) level ,its gene polymorphism and aortic valvular calcification was compared and analyzed ,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze in‐dependent risk factors of DCAVD . Results :Lp (a ) gene possesses four point mutations in population , namely rs10455872 ,rs6415084 ,rs3798221 and rs7770628. In DCAVD group ,Lp (a) level of AG genotype was significantly higher than that of AA genotype [ (325.5 ± 108.2) mg/L vs .(211.7 ± 135.4) mg/L] in rs10455872 gene pheno‐type ,Lp (a) level of CC+TT genotype was significantly higher than that of CT genotype [ (287.9 ± 144.1) mg/L vs .(240.7 ± 127.2) mg/L] in rs6415084 gene phenotype ,and Lp (a) level of TT+ CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT genotype [(304.1 ± 124.1) mg/L vs .(226.8 ± 101.6) mg/L] in rs7770628 gene phenotype , P<0.05 or <0.01 ;patient′s percentage of valvular calcification of AG genotype was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (90.0% vs .61.7% ) in rs10455872 , patients percentage of valvular calcification of CC +TT geno‐type was significantly higher than that of CT genotype (83.8% vs .66.7% ) in rs6415084 ,and patient′s percentage of valvular calcification of TT+CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT genotype (87.3% vs .63.4% ) in rs7770628 , P<0.05 or <0.01. Logistic regression analysis indicated that rs10455872 ,rs6415084 ,rs7770628 and Lp (a) level were independent risk factors for valvular calcification of DCAVD (OR=1.67~2.31 , P<0.01 all) . Conclusion :Lp (a) gene polymorphism (rs10455872 ,rs6415084 and rs7770628) and plasma Lp (a) level are signifi‐cantly correlated to valvular calcification of DCAVD ,which may be susceptible genes for DCAVD occurrence .

BACKGROUND:Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-volerate (PHBV) is a noticeable tissue engineering material of polyhydroxyalkanoates family. It has the properties of low immune rejection response and good biocompatibility, and its degradation products are non-toxic.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompatibility of PHBV membrane material and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in vitro.
METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at passage 3 were seeded upon PHBV membrane as experimental group and upon conventional culture plates as control group. Then we calculated the adherent cel number of two groups at 1, 2 and 4 hours and got the cel adherent rate. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay was used at days 2, 4, 6, 8 to observe the cel proliferation of two groups. Fluorimetric method with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 was used to detect the DNA content of cel s at days 3, 6, 9 and 12 in both groups. After cel s were seeded upon PHBV membrane for 5 days, the cel growth upon the material was examined under a scanning electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cel s were cultured for 1 hour, the adherent rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group;but there were no significant differences between two groups at the other two periods. No difference was found in the cel proliferation and the DNA content between the two groups. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s seeded upon PHBV membrane for 5 days grew wel with spindle morphology and the intercel ular connections were tight and more extracel ular matrices were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, PHBV membrane material shows a good biocompatibility with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

Objective To choose zebrafish as the experimental animal model for studying the spatiotemporal expression rule of rap1 gen in zebrafish embryo early development process .Methods The Rap1 gene fragment was cloned from the zebrafish emby‐oscDNA ,then the Rap1 gene fragment and pCS2+ plasmid were performed the in vitro connetion and recombination was extracted , the combinant plasmid was correct after the double enzyme digestion ,colony PCR and sequencing identification .T3 RNA polymer‐ase in vitro transcription system was used to obtain the digoxin (DIG)‐labeled anti‐sense mRNA probe of Rap1 gene .The whole mount in situ hybridization method was adopted to detect the Rap1 expression in zebrafish embryo early development process . Results The positive hybridization signal of Rap1 gene was detected at the cell division junction region of 0 .75 hpf ,animal pole of 3 .70 hpf and 6 .00 hpf ,and notochord of 12 .00 -72 .00 hpf .Conclusion Rap1 gene might be involved in the early development process of notochord nervous system in zebrafish .

Objective:To explore the effect of ulinastatin on prevention of acute respiratory distress syn-drome (ARDS).Methods:A prospective multicentral cohort study was conducted.The patients from three intensive care units (ICUs)of grade A tertiary hospitals in Beijing and a ICU of grade A tertiary hospitals in Cangzhou from January 2012 to December 2014,included 77 ARDS at-risk patients with uli-nastatin treatment and 108 ARDS at-risk patients without ulinastatin treatment (control)were eligible. Both groups received normal treatment;additionally,the intervention group received 600 000 units of uli-nastatin via intravenous infusion for 5 days.The control group received the same amount of saline via in-travenous infusion for 5 days.Venous blood human neutrophil elastase (HNE)and peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3)levels were measured on days 1,3,and 7,respectively.Other outcomes included acute physiolo-gy and chronic health evaluation scoring Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ),body temperature,respiratory rate,heart rate,mean arterial pressure,white blood cell counts,PaO2 /FiO2 ,ARDS incident,mechanical ventila-tion time,ICU treatment and hospitalization duration,28 days mortality.Results:The PI3 levels showed no statistical difference on day 1,but significant differences on day 3 and day 7 between the two groups (P <0.01).HNE /PI3 ratio showed no statistical difference on day 1,but significant differences on day 3 and day 7 (P <0.05).PaO2 /FiO2 was significantly higher in ulinastatin group on day 3 and day 7 (P <0.05).The incident rate for ulinastatin group was 15.58%,lower than that for the control group (33.33%),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The mechanical ventilation time and ICU treatment time in ulinastatin group was shorter than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).There were no significant effects in other factors.Conclusion:Increased dose of ulinastatin can recover the balance of HNE and its antagonist,lower the HNE’s damage to lungs,and further reduce the ARDS incident rate.

BACKGROUND:As a noticeable tissue engineering material of polyhy droxyalka noates family, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)(P3HB4HB) exhibitsgood biocompatibility, adhesion and mechanicalproperties, presenting aextensive application future in tissue-engineered research.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biocompat ibilityin vitroand ectopic osteogenic differentiationin vivoof P3HB4HB and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels.
METHODS:Passage 5human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplanted ontothe three-dimensional P3HB4HB scaffoldwereincubated with osteogenic induction medium (test group)or with no osteogenic induction(control group), respectively. After 5-day incubation, thecelgrowth was assessed by acridine orange staining and scanning electron microscopy; after14-day incubation, both kinds of cel-scaffold composites were subcutaneously implanted into the nude mice. At 16 weeks after implantation, the cel-scaffold composites were removed to observeectopic osteogenic differentiationin vivousing hematoxylin-eosin staining, von Kossa staining and colagen type I immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Acridine orange staining showed that cels adhered wel on the surface of the scaffold;under thescanning electron microscope, induced celsgrew wel on the P3HB4HB scaffold and produced abundant extracelular matrixes. In addition, at 16 weeks after implantation, there were osteoidtissues in the test group, positive for von Kossa staining as wel as colagen type I immunohistochemical staining;furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining showednumerous osteoblasts and bone lacunas. In contrast, no bone tissues appeared in the control group. To conclude, P3HB4HB is a suitable material for bone tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the CT spectral imaging features of benign and malignant ovarian tumors and to assess the value of spectral CT in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.Methods This study was granted by the institutional review board with a waiver for informed consent.34 patients with ovarian tumor(11 benign tumors and 23 malignant tumors)underwent preoperative CT scanning that included arterial phase (AP)and venous phase (VP)with GSI mode.Measurements were performed on the GSI viewer.The iodine concentration (IC,100 ug/cm3)was saved,and the normalized iodine concentration (NIC)and the spectral curve(spectral Hounsfield unit curve)were recorded.The slope of the curve was calculated as the formula:(CT attenuation (40 keV)-CT attenuation(100 keV))/60.The CT value was measured at 70 keV in Mono image.CT values,the slope of the spectral curve,the iodine concentration and NIC were compared between the two groups by using independent sample t-test with software SPSS 2 1.0.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)was used to determine the threshold of slope of the spectral curve,the iodine concentration and NIC for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors in VP.Results The slope of the spectral curve,the iodine concentration and NIC of malignant ovarian tumors in VP were 1.72±0.77,14.50±6.44 (100 μg/cm3),and 0.33±0.12.The slope of the spectral curve,the iodine concentration and NIC of benign ovarian tumors in VP were 1.05±0.48,8.86±4.04 (100 μg/cm3),and 0.22±0.13.Significant differences were found between the slope of spectral curve,the iodine concentration and NIC of the malignant ovarian tumors and those of the benign ovarian tumors in VP (P=0.01).CT values in double phases revealed no difference between these two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion There is a significant difference between the solid component of benign ovarian tumors and that of malignant ovarian tumors in spectral CT.GSI scan mode can provide more information for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Objective To explore the risk factors of the occurence and 28-day death of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A prospective multicentral cohort study was conducted. The patients from five ICUs of grade A tertiary hospitals in Beijing from July 2009 to March 2014, including sepsis,septic shock,trauma,pneumonia,aspiration,massive blood transfusion,bacteremia and pulmonary contusion,were enrolled. Researchers in each center reported the records with uniform tables,which included demographic,systemic conditions,the primary disease,and the severity within 24 hours,past history and so on. According to the admission diagnosis in ICU,these patients were divided into ARDS group and other severe disease control group. The risk factors of occurence and prognosis of ARDS were analyzed by univariate analysis,multivariate logistic regression and multivariate COX regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to draw the 28-day survival curves of the two groups. Results There were 343 critical patients included in this prospective multicenter cohort study,of which 163 patients who developed ARDS were considered as ARDS group(2 case lost to follow-up, and 49 died)and 180 patients who did not developed ARDS regarded as severe control group(1 case lost to follow-up, and 34 died). The 28-day mortality of ARDS group was significantly higher than that of severe control group〔30.43%(49/161)vs. 18.99%(34/179),χ2=6.013,P=0.014〕. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that aspiration〔odds ratio(OR)=6.390,95% confidence interval(95%CI)=2.046-19.953,P=0.001〕,history of alcohol (OR=4.854,95%CI=1.730-13.617,P=0.003),sepsis(OR=2.859,95%CI=1.507-5.425,P=0.001), pneumonia(OR=2.822,95%CI=1.640-4.855,P<0.001),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)score(OR=1.050,95%CI=1.007-1.094,P=0.022)were significantly associated with increased risk of ARDS occurence. When respiratory rate>30 beats/min(OR=3.305,95%CI=1.910-5.721,P<0.001), heart rate>100 beats/min(OR=2.101,95%CI=1.048-4.213,P=0.037)happened in critically ill patients, it highly suggested ARDS would happen. The proportion of the patients whose serum creatinine>176.8 μmol/L in ARDS group was lower than that in control group(OR=0.387,95%CI=0.205-0.733,P=0.004). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that old age and septic shock were significantly associated with the increased risk of in 28-day death of ARDS〔advanced age:hazard ratio(HR)=1.040,95%CI=1.018-1.064,P<0.001;septic shock:HR=3.209,95%CI=1.676-6.146,P<0.001〕. Kaplan-Meier showed that the survival patients in ARDS group was significantly lower than those in severe control group(χ2=7.032,P=0.008). Conclusions Among critical ill patients,aspiration,history of alcohol,sepsis,pneumonia,increased APACHEⅡ score were the risk factors of ARDS development. Respiratory rate>30 beats/min and heart rate>100 beats/min could predict the occurrence of ARDS in critical patients. Old age and septic shock were the risk factors of 28-day death of ARDS.

Objective To investigate the impact of the changes of posttreatment karnofsky performance status (KPSpost) on the overall survival (OS) for patients with stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent concurrent chemoradiation.Methods A total of 279 patients (male 198 and female 81) with histological confirmed stage Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled in this study with a median age of 58 years old (range 22 to 80 years old).There were 166 cases of squamous carcinoma,87 cases of adenocarcinoma,and 22 cases of unclassified carcinoma,respectively.All enrolled patients received more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy and more than 36 Gy of concurrent radiotherapy.Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were applied to evaluate OS.Multivariate analyses were carried out by the Cox proportionalhazard model.Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the related factors of KPSpost.Results There were 198 patients with improved KPSpost and 81 patients with decreased KPSpost,respectively.Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the improvement of KPSpost was associated with longer OS.Logistic regression analysis showed that the improvement of KPSpost was positively related with treatment of more than 4-6 cycles chemotherapy concurrent with over 63 Gy radiation to primary tumor.The improvement of KPSpost also correlated positively with disease control rate (DCR),but negatively with PLT toxicity and radiation esophagitis.Conclusions KPSpost was an independent prognostic factor of OS for patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC underwent concurrent chemoradiation.Chemotherapy of 4-6 cycles and concurrent over 63 Gy radiotherapy dose to primary tumor,as well as DCR were positive factors for KPSpost improvement.However,stage 3-4 PLT toxicities and radiation esophagitis decreased the KPSpost.

This article is a summary of the Second China Breast Milk Science Conference, which was held in Beijing from August 5 to 7, 2022, with the theme of "Data sharing, method sharing and science sharing". The purpose of the conference is to summarize the latest progress in breast milk research, identify the unresolved issues, and jointly discuss the direction of future breast milk research. Firstly, we summarize the contents and purpose of breast milk scientific research and prospect of breast milk science. The second part focuses on the research status of breast milk composition and its health effects, and puts forward the future research direction. The third section focuses on the health effects of breastfeeding and scientific support and key aspects of breastfeeding promotion actions. The fourth part elaborates the specific methods of current scientific research of breast milk and emphasize the importance of method standardization and the idea of future methodological research. The fifth part consists of the strategy of feeding infants with medical conditions and ways to better promote the growth and development of these infants. The last part introduces the innovation, deficiencies, and future research directions of infant formula production technology in China. This conference demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary communication, discussions and collaborations in clinical medicine, nutrition, perinatal health, food science, and policy-making in the scientific research of breast milk, and provides guidance for future multidisciplinary research on the physiology of lactation, the composition of breast milk, breastfeeding, and infants and young children nutrition.