BACKGROUND: The image edge of rabbit femur is identified using self-programmed Matlab program. But owing to the complexity of the model, can we set up a femoral structure model after the solid model of the femur created in UG three-dimensional (3D) software is put into ANSYS software? OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of constructing 3D biomechanical model of rabbit femur.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Biomechanics Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Technology.MATERIAL: One 1-year-old female New Zealand white rabbit weighing 2.6 kg. ACTIS 400/225 industry CT scanner (BIR,USA).METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Biomechanics Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Technology from July to transformed into *.bmp format. Photoshop image processing software was applied for some essential processing on the original image, such as contrast control, smoothing and noise attenuation to strengthen the differentiability and analyzability of the image. In addition, the magnetic noose tool was used to outline the contour line of inside and outside boundary, and obtain the inside and outside contour line of every layer of the femur. The rabbit femur was scanned by industry CT starting from the upper extreme of the femur, vertical to femoral ordinate axis line (slice space=I ram). The scanning slice space was adjusted to 2 mm from the 43rd layer below small trochanter to the 53ra layer of middle femur because the shape between these layers was relatively regular. Totally 87 slices of layer images were scanned 9.9 cm in length. The image was put into the computer and processed to get the boundary contour line; the contour line coordinate for modeling was obtained through imported from UG into ANSYS software. A solid model of the femur was produced automatically. Finally, the solid model with cavity was obtained using subtraction option of Boolean in ANSYS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Establishment of rabbit femoral structure model. connected by the multiple valid points was formed. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th until the 87th layers were read in turn, and the inside and automatically divide the mesh to produce finite element meshes and 42 221 nodes and 27 768 elements were obtained. CONCLUSION: The 3D model of rabbit femur actually simulated the anatomic appearance of the femur. This model lays a foundation for identifying the optimal parameter of vibration that can improve bone mineral density by finite element analysis.

Limitation of donor source for allograft makes the xenotrans plantation be focus again.But xenotransplantation rejection is far more complicated than allotransplantation.This article reviewd the progress of xenotransplantation rejection and its strategy.

Colorectal cancer is a threat to human health, the disease rate of stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer is increasing. Some prognostic factors have been researched, and the number of harvested lymph nodes is a very important factor. Harvesting more lymph nodes will reduce the relapse rate and increase the survival rate. It remains controversial for the minimum number of lymph nodes, and UICC and AJCC recommended that the minimum number was 12. Some factors will influence the number of harvested lymph nodes,for ex-ample, the patient's situation, tumor itself, surgeon and pathologist's skills , and so on.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

Objective To discuss the cause, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of bladder and urethra leiomyoma combined with uterine leiomyoma. Methods The clinical data of 5 patients with bladder and urethra leiomyoma combined with uterine leiomyoma was analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent surgical treatment, 3 cases were treated with enucleation of bladder leiomyoma, 1 case was treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), 1 case was treated with enucleation of urethra leiomyoma,at the same time all patients were underwent hysteromyoma surgery, 1 case was treated with enucleation of partial uterine, 4 cases were treated with enucleation of hysteromyoma. Results Pathology examination showed that 4 cases were bladder leiomyoma, 1 case was urethra leiomyoma,5 cases combined with uterine leiomyoma. Patients were followed up 1-3 years,no tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions Bladder and urethra leiomyoma is a kind of benign non-epithelial tumor without specific symptom,clinical rare,often merging with uterine leiomyoma, ultrasonography ,CT and cystoscopy scan could be main techniques for diagnosis mainly with surgical resection,prognosis is good. From clinical discovery bladder leiomyoma must notice patient whether at the same time merges with uterine leiomyoma.

Objective To investigate the application of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose hybrid PET/CT (~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT) imaging in clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Seventy two consecutive patients with NSCLC undergoing ~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT before radiotherapy were analyzed. The results were compared with previous CT scan and conventional clinical staging. The patients were followed-up for at least 6 months. Results Among the 72 patients, the staging grade was changed in 27 patients due to the result of ~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT in whom with 20 patients having their grade raised and 7 lowered. Radical treatment was changed to palliative treatment in view of a raise of staging grade. Because of distant metastasis was detected by ~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT imaging, 14 patients received palliative treatment. Compared with CT, 47 more lymph nodes and 26 distant metastases were found with ~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT imaging, and the patients in question received radiotherapy and palliative treatment accordingly. Conclusion ~(18)F-FDG hPET/CT imaging, by changing the clinical staging in 37.5% (27/72) NSCLC patients, has impact on treatment strategy and treatment planning of radiotherapy in NSCLC patients. Patients were frequently spared unnecessary treatment, and management was more appropriately targeted.

Objective To investigate the application of theoretical K value and the calibration K value on Hitachi 7600 Automatic Biochemical Analyzer .Methods Rate method was employed to detect alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) ,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT) ,creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) .The theoretical K value and K values calibrated by two kinds of calibration serum were recorded as K ,K1 ,K2 and the three kinds of calibration results of enzymes mentioned above were compared .Results The theoretical K values of ALT ,AST ,γ-GT ,CK and LDH were all less than their two kinds of actual K values .The results of the calibration K value were significantly superior to that of the theoretical K value .The calibration results R2 value of five kinds of enzymes were all greater than 0 .95 .Conclusion The theoretical K value is not suitable for clinical laboratories ,and the two kinds of calibration serum can meet the needs of quality control and clinical work .

Objective To study the effect of vibration as a countermeasure against bone loss.Methods Volunteers were divided into vibration-group(VIB)and control-group(CON).Vibration experiments were performed in VIB for 3 months(10 min/d,5 d/week).Bone mineral density(BMD)of both VIB and CON was observed after 3 months.Results BMD in VIB increased obviously after vibration treatment(+1.29% for vertebrae and +1.65% for femur).The effectiveness rate was 80%.Conclusion Whole body vibration is effective in countermining bone loss.It has a broad prospect in treating osteoporosis and counteracting bone loss caused by weightlessness.

Objective To investigate the changes in Doppler perfusion index(DPI)of the liver and the platelet derived-endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF)in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma by determination DPI and PD-ECGF mRNA and protein expression levels.Methods One hundred patients were enrolled,including 50colorectal carcinoma patients(22of whom with liver metastasis and 28patients without liver metastasis)and 50healthy subjects as control.For all the objects involved,hepatic perfusion was documented with color Doppler flow imaging,and the DPI(hepatic arterial/total liver blood supply)was computed.The expression levels of protein and mRNA of PD-ECGF in 50specimens of carcinoma and adjacent tissues of colorectal carcinoma were assayed by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods in patients with colorectal carcinoma.Results According to pathology and imaging results,the DPI of colorectal carcinoma patients with liver metastasis was significantly higher than that in healthy control group and non-liver metastasis group(P0.05).According to the results of immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,the expression levels of PD-ECGF protein and mRNA were significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than that in adjacent tissues(P

Sump syndrome is a rare complication of side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) and occasionally occurs after spontaneous gallbladder-bile duct-digestive tract fistula or end-to-side choledochojejunostomy.Before the development of minimally invasive surgery,conventional surgical operation used to be the most important treatment method.This article reviews the research advances in sump syndrome in recent years and points out that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the major diagnostic method for this disease,and endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with bile duct debridement is the most simple and effective measure for the treatment of sump syndrome.Meanwhile,this article briefly reviews sump syndrome with reference to related literature and clinical practice,in order to raise the awareness for sump syndrome.