Objective To observe the short term therapeutic effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in treatment of type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients,and compared with intensive therapy of insulin multiple subcutaneous injection by conventional scheme.Methods 48 diabetic patients including 14 cases of type 1 and 34 cases of type 2,were randomly divided into CSII group and control group. In CSII group,the short acting Novolin was subcutaneously infused using insulin pump continuously. In control group,the short acting Novolin was subcutaneously injected before three meals a day and medium acting Novolin was subcutaneously injected before sleep at night.Results Hyperglycemia of the CSII group was depressed,and decreasing degree was similar to that of the control group.However,therapeutic time,insulin dosage and insulin induced hypoglycemia reaction incidence in the CSII group were obviously lower than thoses in control group(P

Objective To probe into diagnosis and treatment of splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) in patients with advanced schistosomiasis and portal hypertension. Methods Clinical data on 12 cases of SAA treated in the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January 1974 to December 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Results One case was found by color duplex flow imaging (CDFI) and one was by BUS before operation. Other 10 cases were all found during operation period. The diameters of SAA ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.5 cm. Three aneurysms were excised together with splenectomy. Ligation of proximal and distal were done in 7 cases, one case excised the aneurysm, one case had distal ligation only and was death post-operation due to rupture of the aneurysm, after splenectomy. Conclusion The incidence of SAA in patients with advanced schistosomal portal hypertension is not very rare. If found during operation, proper management of SAA and portal hypertension is important in order to get good results.

PurposeTo compare measures of coronary flow reserve by an intracoronary Doppler guide wire with results of dipyridamole emission computed tomographic 201T1/ 99m Tc-sestamibi myocardial imaging(SPECT).MethodsThe coronary blood flow velocity were measured by Cardiometrics Flomap Ⅱ and 0. 014 or 0. 018 inches Doppler flowire in 27 patients (55 arteries) with coronary angiography. 8 patients (19 arteries )without underlying diseases of coronary microvascular lesions were studied as the normal control. The proximal and distal average peak velocity (APV), diastolic/systolic velocity ratio (DSVR), CFR and proximal/distal velocity ratio (P/DVR) were measured. The results were compared with that of SPECT before angiography. ResultsAccording to the CFR measured by Doppler fiowire, the arteries were divided into two groups:Group A, consisted of 33 arteries with CFR > 2.0. Group B consistedof 22 arteries with CFR≤2.0. CFR of group A was significantly higher than that of group B (P< 10 - 7). Among 22 arteries with abnormal CFR, SPECT could detect 16. Among 33 arteries with normal CFR, all arteries except 2 showed normal SPECT. With intracoronary Doppler flowire as reference, the sensitivity and specificity of dipyridamole SPECT were 72.73 % and 93.94 %. With results of dipyridamole SPECT as reference, the sensitivity and specificity of intracoronary Doppler CFR were 88.89% and 83.78%. Their conformability rate was 85.45%.Conclusions In evaluating coronary reserve function, results of dipyridamole SPECT was rather conformable to measures of intracoronary Doppler CFR, but they cannot be replaced each other.

Objectives:To discuss and analyse the causes of local recurrence after Dixon operation.　Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 72 cases after resection of rectal cancer by Dixon operation in our department from 1995 to 1999.　Results:The local recurrence rate after Dixon operation was 12.5%(9 cases),the recurrence time was 3～26 months,and 16.2 months in an average after the operation.Seven cases of recurrence were within 2 years.The recurrence location occurred at the anastomotic stoma (6 cases),pelvic cavity (2 cases) and the perinum (1 cases) respectively.Based on Dukes classification, it showed one case of phase A, three cases of phase B and five cases of phase C.According to pathological classification, there were one case of papillary adenocarcinoma,five cases of rubiformadenocarcinoma and three cases of mucoid adenocarcinoma.A length from the lower margin of the tumors to the distal resection site,seven cases were within 3 cm,and two cases were beyond 3 cm.　Conclusions:The causes for local recurrence after operation were related to Duke classification,pathological types,length from the lower margin of the tumors to the distal resection site,lymphadenectomy and operation on the tumor itself.

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus diarrhea in children in Shanghai and to provide the background data for the implementation of rotavirus vaccination.MethodsA total of 910 stool samples were collected from the outpatient children with acute diarrhea from August 2008 to July 2009.Group A rotavirus was detected by usingcommercial colloidal gold device.Rotavirus strains were characterized for G and P genotypes using the nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsGroup A rotavirus was detected in 268(29.4％) out of 910 stool samples.Rotavirus infection was found year-round and the peak season was from October 2008 to January 2009,with the detection rates ranging from 38.3 ％ to 70.5％.Ninety-one percent of children (244 cases) with rotavirus-associated diarrhea occurred in children ＜3 years of age.The detection rate of rotavirus was highest (36.6％) in children aged 12-23 months.Among the 268 group A rotavirus-positive strains,G1 was the most common G genotype (65 strains),accounting for 24.3％,followed by G3 (40 strains,14.9％),G mixed genotypes (37strains,13.8 ％),G2 (27 strains,10.1％),G9 (14 strains,5.2％),G4(5 strains,1.9％),other G types (5 strains,1.9％),and unclassified G type (75 strains,28.0％).P[8] and P[4] were the most common P genotypes,accounting for 54.9％ (147 strains) and 11.9％ (32 strains),respectively,followed by P mixed genotypes (6 strains,2.2％) and other P genotypes (4 strains,1.5％),unclassified P type (79 strains,29.5％).The G/P genotype combinations were found as follows:G1P [8] (13.4％),G3P[8] (13.4％),GmixP[8] (10.1％),G1P[4] (8.2％),G9P[8] (2.2％),G2P [4] (1.9％),G1Pmix (1.9％).ConclusionsGroup A rotavirus is a major causative agent of diarrhea in infants and young children in Shanghai.The peak season of rotavirus infection appears in fall and winter.The currently licensed rotavirus vaccines cover the majority of genotypes of rotavirus strains prevailing in Shanghai.

AIM: To investigate and optimize the technology of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of arctiin and arctigenin from Fructus arctii.METHODS: The effects of ultrasonic power,particle size,ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,extraction temperature and duty factor on the extraction rates of arctiin and arctigenin were investigated,and optimized with orthogonal experiments.RESULTS: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: particle 80 ～ 100 mesh 14 mL/g,ratio of liquid to solid 400 W ultrasonic power,50 ℃ of extraction temperature,and 10 min of extraction time.CONCLUSION: The optimized conditions are reasonable and reliable.

To investigate the expression of vaginal IL-23 and its role in experimental murine vaginal candidiasis and its relationship with infection and immune status, immuno-competent (group A) and immuno-suppressed (group B) murine models of vaginal candidiasis were established in estrogen-treated mice. Non-estrogen-treated mice were used as controls (group C). The level of IL-23 p19 mRNA in murine vaginal tissue was determined by RT-PCR. Significantly increased levels of IL-23p19mRNA were observed on the 4th, the 7th and 14th day after inoculation in immuno-competent group when compared with that in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, significant increase of IL-23 p19mRNA were only observed on the 7th day and the 14th day after inoculatuon in immuno-suppressed groups (P<0.05). On the 4th and 7th day, the levels of IL-23 p19mRNA were significantly increased in immuno-competent group than those in immuno-suppressed group (P <0.05). Local IL-23 may play a role in the pathogenesis of murine vaginal candidiasis and has a protective function during infection. Low vaginal IL-23 level may correlate with the increased susceptibility to Candida albicans in immuno-suppressed group.

To investigate the expression of vaginal Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with experimental vaginal candidiasis under different immune conditions, ICR murine vaginal candidiasis model was established and immno-suppressed murine models of vaginal cadidiasis were established in estrogen-treated mice. Non-estrogen-treated mice were used as controls. The mRNA level of Th1 (IL-2)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta1) cytokines in murine vaginal tissues was determined by RT-PCR. The cykotine in local tissues was increased to different extent under normal immune condition. IL-2 mRNA was increased during early stage of infection, while IL-10 was increased transiently during late stage of infection. TGF-beta1 production was found to be increased persistently. At same time, the expression of IL-2 mRNA was suppressed in immno-suppressed group, and the level of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 were higher than the normal immunity group to different degree during infection. The high level of IL-2 mRNA during early stage of infection was associated with clearance of mucosal Candidia albicans (C. albicans), and its expression suppressed leading to decreased clearance of mucosal C. albican in immuno-suppression. The over-expression of IL-4 and IL-10 could significantly enhance the susceptibility to C. albicans infection in mice.

Objective To evaluate the use of stapling anterior resection for rectal cancer. Methods Data of 1036 patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer during 1983 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical results were compared statistically between patients who received stapling anastomosis (group A, n=652) and those did not (group B, n=384). Results The annual average stapler anterior resection increased from 5 cases per year (during 1983-1987) to 147 cases per year (1998-2000). The 0? Ⅰ? Ⅱ stage patients accounted for 53% in group A, and 62% in group B (P=0.004). There was higher percentage of patients in group A (66%) than in group B (39%) in which the distance from the lower edge of the tumor to anal verge was less than 8 cm (P

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on human hepatic cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).Methods Liver tissue samples and blood samples were obtained from 10 patients with chronic HBV infeetion and 10 healthy controls.CYP2C9 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.The activity of CYP2C9 was detected utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The expressions of CYP2C9 mRNA and protein were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting.The data were analyzed by t test.Results All the liver samples showed CYP2C9 wild-type (*1*1),while CYP2C9 (*2) and CYP2C9 (*3) were not detected.The maximum velocity (Vmax) of CYP2C9 in patients chronic HBV infection and healthy controls were (263.5±66.4) μmol/L and(284.6±85.9) μmol/L,respectively (t=0.614,P=0.5471).The expression of CYP2C9 mRNA in patients with chronic HBV infection (0.39±0.28) was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (0.65±0.13) (t=2.628,P=0.0171).Accordingly,the protein expression in patients with chronic HBV infection (0.26±0.13) was lower than that of healthy controls (0.60±0.19) (t=4.688,P=0.000 2).Conclusion The expressions of CYP2C9 mRNA and protein are decreased in chronic HBV infection which may down-regulate the enzyme activity.