Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the immune response to viral infection and tumors.The ability of NK cells depends on the integrated signals across the array of stimulatory and inhibitory receptors engaged upon interaction with target cell surface ligands. Some stimulators, including viruses, tumor cells and hot shock, could promote the expression of NKG2 receptors and their ligands via activating certain transcription factors which are capable of up-regulating NKG2 promoters' activity. Meanwhile, epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications are also critical to expression of NKG2 receptors and their ligands and may control the clonally distribution of some NK cell receptors. Investigating the epigenetic mechanisms of NK cell receptors and their ligands might helpful to the rational design of therapy against infection, inflammation, cancer or autoimmune diseases.

SELDI-TOF-MS is a novel proteomic technique.It reveals some new biomarkers which could be used for early diagnosis,preoperative staging and predicting response to radiochemotherapy of colorectal cancer.These new biomarkers were validated to be more sensitive and specific than traditional hiomarkers.SELDI-TOF-MS will be a useful tool for early diagnosis and tailor-made therapy of eolorectal cancer.

Objeetive To probe the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). Methods Clinical data of 23 PGL patients identified by postoperative pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent subtotal gastrectomy,3 patients underwent total gastrectomy,2 patients underwent palliative resection and 2 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy only. Postoperatively 21 patients received adjuvant treatment(chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy).The variables analyzed were type of surgery, histological type in accordance with Kiel's classification, Involvement of lymph nodes. Ann Arbor stage classification. Results The overall 5-year survival rate of these patients Was 80%,that of low grade malignancy patients was 90%,and of high grade malignancy was 40%.Thirteen patients were classified as stage Ⅰ E and seven as stageⅡE and three as stageⅢor Ⅳ,the 5-year survival rate was 90%,67%and 0,respectively.Nineteen patients underwent radical resection with 5-year survival rate of 92.3%.No patients undergoing palliative resection have survived more than 5 years. The prognosis of PGL with low grade malignancy and that of early stages(IE and Ⅱ E)and those undergoing radical excision was better than those with high grade malignancy, that of advanced stage(Ⅲand Ⅳ),and that undergoing palliative resection. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis relies mainly on gastroscopy with biopsy and CT scan. For patients with early stage disease,radical resection combined with adjuvant therapy is the key factor in improving the prognosis. Chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy is useful management for patients with advanced stage disease.

Objective To research the impact of formaldehyde air pollution on fractal characteristics of Osmanthus Fragrans leaves and the application of fractal theory in formaldehyde air pollution monitoring.Methods As the experimental materials, dwarfed potted Osmanthus Fragrans were exposed to formaldehyde at different doses of 0.001,0.005,0.025,0.125,0.625 mg/m3 by air.After new leaves matured, the vein samples were first produced;then their fractal dimension was analyzed with fractal theory and the computer system.Thirdly, the quantitative analysis of the variability degree was made and dose-response relationship among the newborn leaves of every dose group was researched.Results The corresponding correlation coefficients of leaf fractal dimension were more than 0.997 0(P

Objective To study the effect of glutathione(GSH)on liver antioxidative function of microcystin‐LR(MC‐LR)‐in‐duced mice .Methods Forty healthy clean class KM 5‐week old mice were selected and divided into five groups by the random sam‐pling method ,including the norml saline control group ,GSH control group ,MC‐LR group ,MC‐LR+low dose GSH group and MC‐LR+high dose GSH group ,8 cases in each group ,half male and half female .The experiment lasted for 15 d by intraperitoneal injec‐tion of MC‐LR ,then the liver histopathological changes ,liver tissue activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected .Results Compared with the normal saline control group ,liver cell GSH level ,SOD and GSH‐Px activities in the MC‐LR group were significantly decreased (P<0 .05) ,while the MDA level was sig‐nificantly increased (P<0 .05) .Compared with the MC‐LR group ,the GSH level ,SOD and GSH‐Px activities in the MC‐LR+low dose GSH group and MC‐LR+high dose GSH group were significantly increased (P<0 .05) ,while the MDA level was significant‐ly decreased(PP<0 .05) .Conclusion The GSH intervention can alleviate MC‐LR induced mouse liver oxidative toxicity and has protective effect on the liver to some extent .

Objective To investigate the effect of moderate static magnetic fields (SMF) on secretion of inflammato?ry factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human monocytic leukemic cell line THP-1. Methods THP-1 cells at logarithmic phase were divided into control group and magnetic treatment group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation after THP-1 cells were exposed to 60 mT, 200 mT and 400 mT static magnetic fields at 18, 24 and 48 h. Then THP-1 cells were divided into control group, magnetic treatment group, LPS activation group and LPS+SMF treatment group. When magnetic treatment group and LPS+SMF treatment group were ex?posed to SMF at 18, 24 and 48 h, the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. Results (1) 60 mT, 200 mT and 400 mT SMF had no significant effects on cell proliferation in THP-1 cells (P>0.05). (2)THP-1 cells secreted more TNF-αand IL-6 in 24 h than 18 h in every group, while IL-8 didn′t change. Compared with 24 h, the secre?tion of TNF-αdecreased and IL-6 didn′t change, while IL-8 increased in 48 h. At three sampled time THP-1 cells of LPS activation group secreted more TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 than those of control group and magnetic treatment group. After magnetic treatment THP-1 cells of LPS+SMF treatment group secreted less TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 than those of LPS activation group (P<0.05). Conclusion Static magnetic field may have some inhibitory effects on release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 from THP-1 cells, which can provide basic data for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the prescription and preparation of matrine liposomes.METHODS:The liposomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique;the envelope efficiency and the diameter of matrine liposomes were taken as criteria,the prescription and preparation of the liposomes were optimized by orthogonal design.RESULTS:The best prescription consisted of egg phosphatidylcholin(80mg),the oil phase cholesterol(15mg),the water phase phosphate buffer so?lution(pH=7.0)and matrine(30mg);the best preparation technics was as follows:chloroform(30ml),ultrasonic time was10min rotary evaporating temperature at48℃.The liposomes had homogeneous shape with the particle size at250nm～750nm and the envelope efficiency of matrine liposomes at47.25%.CONCLUSION:The optimized formulation of martine liposomes is reasonable in prescription,practicable in technics,high in envelope efficiency and perfect in stability.

To investigate the effects of medicated serum prepared with Chinese herbal medicine Zhizhen Recipe (ZZR) on activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and expression and function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human colorectal cancer multidrug-resistant cell line HCT-8/VCR.

Objective To investigate the effect of active vitamin D (VD) on macrophage M1 and M2 phenotype and its role in protecting podocyte impairment in diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods Diabetes mellitus rats were established by intraperitoneal injection with streptozocin.Rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal-1 (NC-1,n=8),normal-2 (NC-2,n=8,normal rats treated with calcitriol 0.1 μg· kg-1 · d-1 by gavages),DN (n=24) and VD (n=24,DN+calcitriol 0.1 μg· kg-1 · d-1 by gavages).Blood glucose and body weight were assessed,and 24-hour urine was collected regularly.Blood and urine samples were taken for biochemical study,and kidney tissues were used for PAS staining to assess histological changes.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect number of CD68 + macrophage.Western blotting was used to detect protein expressions of nephrin,podocin,CD68,M1 specific marker of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),TNF-α and M2 specific marker of CD163,arginase 1 (Arg-1),mannose receptor (MR).Results (1) In DN group,levels of BUN,Scr,urinary protein and glomerular mesangial matrix proliferation were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of nephrin,podocin were significantly decreased compared with NC groups (P ＜ 0.05).These above changes were significantly improved in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(2)Number of CD68 + macrophage infiltration in DN group was increased in a time dependent manner compared with NC groups,which was significantly reduced in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).(3)To further definite M1 and M2 macrophage activation phenotype,the protein expressions of iNOS and TNF-α was increased in DN group at 8th,14th,18th weeks compared with NC groups (P ＜ 0.05),which were significantly decreased in VD group (P ＜ 0.05).Although,there were no significant difference of protein expressions of CD163,Arg-1 and MR between VD and DN group at both 8th and 14th week (P ＞ 0.05),the protein expressions of CD163,Arg-1 and MR were higher in VD group at 18th week than that in DN group (P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of CD163/CD68 was also enhanced in VD group (P ＜0.05).(4)Moreover,the protein expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with expression of either nephrin or podocin (r =-0.707,P ＜ 0.01; r =-0.712,P ＜ 0.01),whereas the protein expression of CD163 was positively correlated with expression of either nephrin or podocin (r =0.627,P＜ 0.01; r=0.613,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Vitamin D can regulate macrophage phenotype,via inhibiting M 1 macrophage activation and enhancing M2 macrophage activation to protect podocyte impairment.

Objective To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of calcitriol on ameliorating podocytes impairment in DN rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control (NC) group,calcitriol treatment (VD) group:calcitriol 0.1μg· kg--1 d-1,diabetic nephropathy (DN) group:streptozocin (STZ) 58 mg/kg,DN treated with calcitriol (DN + VD) group:calcitriol 0.1 μg · kg-1 · d-1 + STZ 58 mg/kg.Rats were sacrificed at the end of 18 weeks.Results Compared with the DN group,the DN + VD group exhibited significantly lower proteinuria by 36％,improved renal histology at the end of the experiment (P ＜ 0.05),and similar levels of blood glucose,serum urea nitrogen as well as body weight (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the serum concentrations of creatinine,calcium and phosphorus among the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).In DN group,the expressions of nephrin,podocin,VDR,PI3K-p85 and p-Akt were significantly decreased and the expression of desmin was increased compared to NC group.Calcitriol treatment could attenuate the above changes.Additionally,a positive correlation was observed between the expressions of nephrin and VDR (r=0.776,P ＜ 0.05).Likewise,the expression of nephrin was positively correlated with either PI3K -p85 or p-Akt (r=-0.736,r=0.855,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Calcitriol can ameliorate podocytes injury in DN rats,which might be related with the further up-regulation of PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway.