OBJECTIVE:To optimize the matrix formulation of ketoprofen cataplasm and to investigate its influencing factors.METHODS:Orthogonal design was used to design formulations,adhesive stress was tested with the tension meter and the per cutem permeability in vitro was studied using the franz diffusion cell.RESULTS:The optimal poultice was acquired with adhesive stress at40N and steady permeation flux at9.72?g/(cm 2 ?h).CONCLUSION:The established preparation technique of poultice is stable and feasible,and its leading influencing factors are adhesive stress and transdermal effects.

Objective To establish the weights of risk factors indicators for lower limbs deep vein thrombosis through the scientific research methods.Methods 21 experts were consulted for two rounds of questionnaires survey with Delphi method,according to the experts'opinion,analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the weights of indicators in grade one and the experts'evaluation was used to calculate the weights of indicators in grade two.Results The weight coefficients of grade one including vascular endothelial injury,blood high condensation state and slow blood stream were 0.3325,0.5278 and 0.1396 respectively.The items with maximal weights of the 21 indicators in grade two was vascular trauma,in particular vein injury(0.0770).The Kendall's W of the indicators in grade two was 0.422.Conclusions Through qualitative and quantitative research methods,the risk factors indicators which provide the reference for the prevention of lower limbs deep vein thrombosis are scientific and reliable.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the prescription and preparation of matrine liposomes.METHODS:The liposomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique;the envelope efficiency and the diameter of matrine liposomes were taken as criteria,the prescription and preparation of the liposomes were optimized by orthogonal design.RESULTS:The best prescription consisted of egg phosphatidylcholin(80mg),the oil phase cholesterol(15mg),the water phase phosphate buffer so?lution(pH=7.0)and matrine(30mg);the best preparation technics was as follows:chloroform(30ml),ultrasonic time was10min rotary evaporating temperature at48℃.The liposomes had homogeneous shape with the particle size at250nm～750nm and the envelope efficiency of matrine liposomes at47.25%.CONCLUSION:The optimized formulation of martine liposomes is reasonable in prescription,practicable in technics,high in envelope efficiency and perfect in stability.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Huashengping capsules. Methods: Milkvetch Root, Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Salvia miltiorrhiza were identified by TLC. The content of astragaloside A was detected by HPLC. The column was Kormasil C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) and the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1. The mobile phases was a mixture of acetonitrile-water (32∶68 ) . The detection wavelength was 203 nm. The column temperature was 25℃ and the sample size was 20μl. Results:The TLC chro-matography spots were clear. Astragaloside A was linear within the range of 2. 000-10. 000 μg(r=0. 999 6) and the average recovery was 100. 8%(RSD=1. 9%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used in the quality con-trol of Huashengping capsules.

Objective To summarize the clinical data and characteristics of neuroblastoma (NB) with pancreatic infiltration and to assess the clinical features and the prognosis of NB.Methods According to NB protocol at Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University(BCH-NB-2007),based on Hong Kong NB protocol,the patients were divided into 3 groups of low-risk (LR) group,medium risk (MR) group and high-risk (HR) group.All children were followed up till March 31,2017.Diagnosis of pancreatic infiltration of NB was made by abdominal enhancement of CT,enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG-PET/CT),any of which could suggest NB pancreatic infiltration or postoperative pathology prompted NB to infiltrate the pancreas.Retrospective summary and analysis of indicators were performed,which included the initial diagnosis of primary tumor and metastatic tumor site,tumor markers,clinical stage,risk group,imaging features and treatment.Results (1) Totally 50 eligible patients were included:27 females,23 males,median age of 33 months (7-129 months),10 cases ≤ 18 months,40 cases ＞ 18 months;3 cases were of International Neuroblastoma Staging System(INSS)-Ⅲ,47 cases of INSS-Ⅳ;2 caes of LR,3 cases of MR,45 cases of HR;28 cases had a fever,27 cases with abdominal mass,14 cases with abdominal pain,9 cases with limb pain,5 cases with vomiting,4 cases with diarrhea,and 1 case with jaundice.Forty-nine cases of primary tumor were located in the retroperitoneal adrenal gland,and 1 case in the pelvic cavity.Thirty-two cases had tumor diameter≥ 10 cm.(2)Tumor markers and imaging features:the median serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value in 50 cases was 669 U/L (263-6 762 U/L),of them 19 cases ＞ 1 000 U/L.A total of 80％ cases had neuron specific enolase (NSE) ＞ 0.15 ng/L.Nine cases had elevated amylase (AMY),and 7 cases had elevated lippase (LPS),and all the levels were elevated in 5 cases.A total of 41 cases had pancreas infiltration by abdominal ultrasound,44 cases had pancreas infiltration by abdominal enhancement computed tomography (CT),100％ (14/14 cases)of pancreas infiltration was confirmed by abdominal reconstruction enhancement nuclear imaging MRI,and NB pancreas infiltration was proved in 41.3％ (19/46 cases) by 18F-FDG-PET/CT.Comparison of the above 4 imaging studies:one imaging examination index was positive in 7 cases,accounting for 14.0％,2 positive in 26 cases,accounting for 52.0％,3 positive in 15 cases,accounting for 30.0％,and 4 positive in 2 cases,accounting for 4.0％.(3) Treatment outcomes:totally 50 cases received treatment,including 2 cases of LR,all cases were of INSS-Ⅲ,and 1 case with complete remission (CR).Three cases of MR belonging to INSS-Ⅳ had complete resection of the tumor,1 case had recurrence and died,and the other two were stable.Forty-five cases with HR,median follow-up lasting for 15 (4-53) months,16 cases had occurrence (35.6％),3 cases were relapsed after stopping treatment for 2,3,18 months,respectively;tumor progressed in 12 patients during treatment,and 1 case got severe intracranial infection and gave up treatment before death.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the expected 3-year event free survival(EFS) rate was 22.1％,and 3-year overall survival(OS) rate was 38.5％.Conclusions Preliminary results show that 90％ with pancreatic infiltration of NB belong to Ⅳ HR group of children,and almost primary tumor is almost located in the retroperitoneal ragion.NB with pancreatic infiltration clinical manifestations is hidden and nonspecific.More than half of the children have no obvious abdominal pain or vomiting,and so imaging examination is needed to determine the situation of pancreatic metastasis further.Abdominal reconstruction enhancement MRI has a high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic metastatic lesions,which can be used as the basis for early diagnosis.The overall prognosis is poor.The expected 3-year EFS rate can be 22.1％,3-year OS rate was 38.5％.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of neuroblastoma (NB)with N - myc gene amplifi-cation in order to analyze tumor shrinkage and bone marrow remission in the early stage of chemotherapy,and to eva-luate the children's initial sensitivity to chemotherapy. Methods The medical records of 38 patients with N - myc am-plification of NB were reviewed (bone marrow or tumor tissues were positive during fluorescence in situ hybridization probe),who were treated between February 2012 to December 2016 at the Hematology Oncology Center,Beijing Chil-dren's Hospital,Capital Medical University. The regimens included chemotherapy,surgery,stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy,and maintenance treatment. The data were reviewed for the medical history. The variations of biomarker, bone marrow cells and the primary site were analyzed before and after 2 courses of CAV (Cyclophosphamide + Adriamy-cin + Vincristine)regimen chemotherapy,in order to observe the short - term effect of chemotherapy and the results were described with statistics. Results Total 38 cases were studied,22 boys(58. 9％)and 16 girls(42. 1％). The median age was 30 months. The primary sites of 37 cases of tumor were located in the retroperitoneal and adrenal area,1 case located in the posterior mediastinum. Bone marrow cytology was negative in 12 cases of them,but bone marrow biopsy suggested bone marrow metastasis,while bone marrow cytomorpholigic examinations were positive in the other 26 cases. Of all the 37 cases the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)levels were reported higher than the normal value. LDH level was under 500 U/ L in one case,9 cases above 4000 U/ L. The neuron specific enolase (NSE)level of all the cases was higher than the normal and NSE level in 36 cases was higher than 100 μg/ L. In one patient the diameter of tumor was less than 5 cm,lager than 10 cm in 32 cases. The lesion of 33 tumor cases before chemotherapy by enhanced CT was ≤100 cm3 in 12 cases,> 100 - 500 cm3 in 11 cases,among which 6 cases ranged from 500 - 1000 cm3 ,4 cases larger than 1000 cm3 . All the 38 cases received 2 courses of chemotherapy. LDH levels of 4 cases became normal,and LDH levels fell under 500 U/ L in 18 cases,while LDH levels of the other 3 cases were above 1000 U/ L. Among 38 cases, the NSE level in 6 cases was reduced to normal,and 16 cases reduced to 25 - 100 μg/ L. The bone marrow examination of 36 cases reversed to negative. According to the image examination,the overall response rate after 2 courses of chemo-therapy was 84. 8％ . One case achieved very good partial remission,21 cases achieved partial response,7 cases a-chieved metastatic remission,2 cases had no remission,while 2 cases showed progression. After 2 courses of chemother-apy,the tumor diameter in 7 cases was less than 5 cm,while that of 22 cases was above 10 cm. Conclusions The ma-jority primary site of NB with N - myc gene amplification is located in retroperitoneal and adrenal area. Patients with the huge tumor have a heavy burden and the biomarker is always high at the early stage. NB with N - myc gene amplifica-tion is sensitive to chemotherapy. After 2 courses of chemotherapy,there is a sharp decrease in the level of biomarker and the tumor burden. Chemotherapy can diminish the burden of tumor in early stage. But because of the huge burden and the huge size of tumor,it's not the best time for surgery and stem cell collection. The patients should go on receiving chemotherapy for remission of disease.