An online enrichment-separation system of C18 and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) with flow injection （C18-FI-ICP/MS） was established for the determination of trace heavy metals in seawater. The optimized experimental parameters including pH，C18 column，concentration of methol in elute and the velocity of elute were investigated. This system was applied to the online preconcentration , separation and determination of trace heave metals in seawater samples successfully. The detection limit　(3σ) for Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Zn was 0.03, 0.09, 0.1, 0.1, 0.3 μg/L respectively. The RSD of Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, and Zn for six measurements of seawater was 6.8%，3.4%，1.3%，2.6%，0.5%，respectively. The accuracy was verified with spiked recovery test. The recovery for five elements was 91.3%，95.1%，100.4%，100.3%，95.2%, respectively.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between stress reaction and other related psychological stress factors such as life events, social support, and coping style in neurosis patients comparing with the group of healthy persons. Methods: 88 neurosis and 100 healthy persons were examined with LES (Life Event Scale), PSSS (Perceived Social Support Scale), TCSQ (Trait Coping Style Questionnaire), SRQ(Stress Reaction Questionnaire). Results: The scores of stress reaction, family events and negative coping style of neurosis group were significantly higher than those of healthy group, and the scores of social support out of family and positive coping style were significantly lower than those of healthy group. The regression analysis and path analysis revealed that in neurosis group stress reaction was directly correlated with negative coping style and social events, but in healthy group it was correlated with negative coping style and family events. Conclusion: Stress reaction may be directly affected with negative coping style and social events in neurosis patients, whereas it may be done with negative coping style and family events in healthy persons.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the prescription and preparation of matrine liposomes.METHODS:The liposomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique;the envelope efficiency and the diameter of matrine liposomes were taken as criteria,the prescription and preparation of the liposomes were optimized by orthogonal design.RESULTS:The best prescription consisted of egg phosphatidylcholin(80mg),the oil phase cholesterol(15mg),the water phase phosphate buffer so?lution(pH=7.0)and matrine(30mg);the best preparation technics was as follows:chloroform(30ml),ultrasonic time was10min rotary evaporating temperature at48℃.The liposomes had homogeneous shape with the particle size at250nm～750nm and the envelope efficiency of matrine liposomes at47.25%.CONCLUSION:The optimized formulation of martine liposomes is reasonable in prescription,practicable in technics,high in envelope efficiency and perfect in stability.

Objective To Investigate the relationship between an in sertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and A(1166)C Polymorphism of angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT 1R) genes in patients with vertebro basilar insufficiency(VBI). Methods In this study, We examined 120 patients with VBI and 146 normal controls. The genotype for I/D of ACE and A(1166)C of AT 1R was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and refrained fragment length polymorphism(RFLP), respectively. Then we compared the genotype frequency distribution among subjects.Results As a whole, there was significant difference in the distribution of ACE (I/I, I/D and D/D) and AT 1R (A/A and A/C), respectively. D allele frequency was higher in patients compared with the normal controls. Our study also revealed that Ⅱ AA and DD AA genotype frequency in VBI was higher than that in the normal controls.Conclusion The D allele for ACE and C(1166) allele of AT 1R may correlated with VBI.Ⅱ genotype for ACE and AA genotype had a positive con influence on the VBI. The affection of DD AA genotype on VBI was negative.

Objective To construct a comprehensive nursing content and experiment evaluation index weights for the nursing profession to provide objective and comprehensive evaluation criteria for nursing comprehensive experimental evaluation. Methods Literature search method and the Delphi method(Delphi)were used to explore indicators of evaluation and appraisal the analytic hierarchy process was adopted to calculate index weights and test its logical consistency. Results 28 experts were selected from 10 hospitals of five provinces such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, etc. Three round screening investigations' effective return-ratio Wag 93.9%、96.8%and 100.0%respectively.The authoritative coefficient was above 0.70.3 first-level tar-gets were established,14 second-level targets and the corresponding target connotations, all levels of target weight satisfied the logical uniformity request Conclusions The Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process jointly determine the nursing comprehensive experimental evaluation index system to ensure the scien-title and reliable characteristic of the evaluation index system. It is able to comprehensively measure the overall quality and ability of students for the nursing profession and provide the basis for a comprehensive experimental evaluation.

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast-conserving surgery. Methods In this study, 52 cases of breast cancer eligible for breast-conserving surgery judged by traditional screening methods from May 2004 to December 2007 were inspected preoperatively with MRI in order to detect the cases of muhicentric breast cancer. At the same time, tumor size and invasive extent was measured accurately with enhanced magnetic resonance sequence combined with fat-suppression to determine the minimally extent of the surgical excision required. Results In the 52 cases of breast cancer patients, 3 cases of multicentric breast cancer and 49 cases of single breast cancer were diagnosed by MRI ,there were 3 cases with extensive intraductal carcinoma in the cases of single breast cancer. The primary negative margin rate was 93.6% (44/47) in the 47 cases with breast-conserving surgery. Conclusions MRI has thesuperiority to detect the muhicentric disease and the extensive intraductal carcinoma of breast cancer.Therefore MRI is useful in determining the indication and the extent of surgical excision of breast-conservingsurgery.

Objective To observe the efficacy of lowering blood pressures and TCM syndrome on the mild to moderate hypertension via the treatment of auricular syndrome differentiation combined with magnetic point application;To provide reference for clinical treatment of hypertension by non-pharmaceutical therapy. Methods Totally 260 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 130 cases for each. The control group was given Norvasc by conventional oral dosage, and the treatment group was given auricular syndrome differentiation and Yongquan (KI1) magnetic point application additionally. SBP, DBP and TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were observed before and after treatment to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy. The side effects were also observed. Results After treatment, SBP of the two groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), with no significant difference (P>0.05). DBP of the treatment group decreased significantly (P<0.05), with significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in antihypertensive efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). TCM syndrome of treatment group improved significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM syndromes in treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.05), without side effects. Conclusion Auricular syndrome differentiation combined with magnetic point application can not only significantly improve the TCM syndrome of patients with mild to moderate hypertension, but also has synergistic hypotensive efficacy and high safety.

Objective:To systematically review the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)on two common respiratory system adverse events (RSAE:nasopharyngitis and upper re-spiratory tract infection)among type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:Medline,Embase,Clinical trials and Cochrane library were searched from inception through May 201 5 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs)assessed safety of GLP-1 RAs versus placebo or other anti-diabetic drugs in T2DM.Network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework was performed to calculate odds ratios for the incidence of RSAE.Results:In the study,50 RCTs were included,including 1 3 treatments:7 GLP-1 RAs (exenati-de,exenatide-long-release-agent,liraglutide,lixisenatide,taspoglutide,albiglutide and dulaglutide), placebo and 5 traditional anti-diabetic drugs(insulin,metformin,sulfonylureas,sitagliptin and thiazo-lidinediones ketones).Compared with insulin,taspoglutide significantly decreased the incidence of naso-pharyngitis (OR =0.67,95%CI:0.46 -0.96).Significant lowering effects on upper respiratory tract infection were found when taspoglutide versus placebo (OR =0.57,95%CI:0.34 -0.99)and insulin (OR =0.39,95%CI:0.23 -0.73).The result from the network meta-analysis based on Bayesian theo-ry could be used to rank all the treatments included,which showed that taspoglutide ranked last with mi-nimum risk on nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection.Conclusion:Taspoglutide was associ-ated with significantly lowering effect on RSAE.

In this study, the bioactivity of a novel BMP2-derived oligopeptide P24 was investigated by using the model of rabbit femoral defect after loaded in the biodegradable poly (lactic acid / glycolic acid / asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLGA-[ASP-PEG]). A 1.5-cm unilateral segmental bone defect was created in the left femoral diaphysis in each of the 30 new zealand white rabbits. The defects of 18 legs filled with BMP2-derived peptide P24 combined with PLGA-[ASP-PEG] scaffold serves as the experimental group, and the defects in the rest 12 rabbits filled with (PLGA-[ASP-PEG]) without P24 as control group. The bone-repairing capability in the target region of the two group was grossly, radiologically, histopathologically and biomechanically evaluated 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the operation. Our results showed that in each group, primary healing of incision was achieved in the two groups. Radiographically, in experimental group, defects were filled with induced callus within 8 weeks, and a cortical bone-like structure was observed in some animals at the 12th week. According to the standardized stage of bone defect repair, 9 (64.28%) achieved grade-4 healing. In contrast, little bone formation was seen in the defects even 12 weeks after the operation, and 5 (62.50%) had grade 0 healing in this group. Histologically, tissue engineering material was mostly absorbed and cartilage was found around implants in the experimental group at the 4th week; 8 weeks after operation, the engineering material was completely absorbed, and formation of woven bone was observed and typical trabecular bone structure could be seen. In control group, 8 weeks after operation, the defect was filled with fibrous tissues, and no bone-like structure was observed. Statistical analysis showed very significant difference in biomechanical indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). It is concluded that new oligopeptide P24 can induce excellent bone regeneration and promote bone repair.

Objective To systematically analyze the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrenced in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods The literatures on risk factors for ICU-acquired VTE were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang,VIP and CBM Databases.Then the data was extraction and quality assessment was performed.The RevMan 5.3 software was used for conducting the Meta-analysis.Results Fifteen articles were included,involving 939 VTE cases.The meta analysis results of different factors were the renal insufficiency(OR =14.60),deep v ein thrombosin(DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE) history(OR=8.23),rencent surgery history(OR =6.75),age＞ 60 years old(OR =4.84),shock(OR =4.36),malignant tumors (OR=2.76),central venous catheter(OR=2.54),heart function grade＞3(OR=2.27),mechanical ventilation(OR=1.57),D-dimer(WMD=423.99),APACHE Ⅱ score(WMD=4.25).Conclusion The risk factors of developing VTE in ICU are renal insufficiency,DVT/PE history,recent surgery history,age≥60 years old,shock,malignant tumors,central venous catheter,heart function grade＞3,mechanical ventilation,D-dimer and high APACHE Ⅱ score.