Objective To investigate the sore-throat-relieving, anti-inflammation and antitussive actions of Qingyan mixture on the animal models. Methods Sore-throat-relieving action of Qingyan mixture was observed in SD rats with acute pharyngitis induced by spray of ammonia water at volume fraction of 15%. Anti-inflammation action of Qingyan mixture was observed on mice model of xylene-induced ear edema, and antitussive action of Qingyan mixture was carried out in mice with cough induced by concentrated ammonia spray. Results (1) The results of sore-throat-relieving action of Qingyan mixture showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells did not happen in the blank control group, but moderate/severe inflammatory cell infiltration was shown in the model group. In the positive group, 4 rats had slight inflammatory cell infiltration while the left 6 rats had no inflammatory cell infiltration. Low-dose Qingyan mixture group had no inflammatory cell infiltration in one rat, and had slight infiltration in 9 rats. In middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups, 4 rats had no infiltration and 6 had slight infiltration, inflammatory cell infiltration was markedly relieved ( P<0.01) and the sore-throat-relieving action in both groups was similar to the positive medicine of Guilin mirabilitum praeparatum (P>0.05). ( 2) The anti-inflammation rate was 69.8% in the positive control group, and was 27.3%, 60.4%, 60.0% in low-, middle- and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups respectively. The inhibitory effect of middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture on xylene-induced mice ear edema was similar to that of the positive control group ( P>0.05) . ( 3) The cough-relieving rate was 42.6%, 139.0%, 64.3%, 104.0% in positive control group, and low-, middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups respectively. Mice cough latent was obviously prolonged and cough frequency was decreased in the three Qingyan mixture groups, the differences being significant compared with the model group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Qingyan mixture has certain sore-throat-relieving, anti-inflammation and antitussive actions, which can be used for the treatment of patients with actue/chironic laryngitis and the complication of cough.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingyan Mixture for laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency. Methods Sixty laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was given oral use of Qingyan Mixture, and the control group was given oral use of Ketotifen and Carbetapentane. The course of treatment for both groups lasted for 10 days. The overall therapeutic effect, and the effect on individual symptom or sign were evaluated after treatment. Results ( 1) In the treatment group, six patients were cured, 14 were markedly effective, 8 were improved, 2 were ineffective and the total effective rate was 93.3%. In the control group, one case was cured, 7 were markedly effective, 17 were improved, 5 were ineffective and the total effective rate was 83.3%. The overall clinical effect in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01) . (2) As for the effect on individual symptom or sign, the treatment group showed stronger effect on dry cough than the control group ( P<0.01) , while differences of dry pharynx, throat itching, foreign body sensation in the throat, and pharyngeal signs were insignificant between the two groups (P>0.05) . (3) After treatment, the total scores of main symptoms were decreased in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01) compared with those before treatment. Conclusion Qingyan Mixture shows certain effect on relieving symptoms and signs of laryngeal cough patients with lung dryness due to yin deficiency.

Middle sized public hospitals are facing new challenges with the introduction of the new medical reform policies and the promotion of internet information economy.In order to adapt to the new social economy and policy,medium sized public hospitals should be reformed,be more active and find their own new position according to the new environment.The following work can be done to improve medium sized public hospitals' survival and development and to better meet the needs of the society:exploring their resources,building their regional medical associations,strengthening their construction of key disciplines,utilizing the advantages of internet and information system,and reforming their personnel divisions.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy and explore the clinical application value of the enhancement controlla-ble output channel narrowed ileal bladder suspension surgery and traditional ileal neobladder after total cystectomy.Methods From January 2001 to August 2009,42 patients with bladder cancer received enhancement controllable output channel narrowed ileal blad-der suspension surgery after total cystectomy;and 46 patients received ileal neobladder after total cystectomy.Their clinical data, perioperative situation,postoperative complications and tumor progress were analyzed.Results In regard to the blood loss,postop-erative hospital stay,and postoperative recent or far complications,both surgical methods had no significant statistical difference (P >0.05).The group of Enhanced controllable output channel narrowing ileal bladder suspension surgery was good control of uri-nation after operation(P <0.05).Conclusion Enhancement controllable output channel narrowed ileal bladder suspension surgery has good clinical effect and safety.It is especially suitable for the patients who need control inurine and don′t accepted orthotopic neobladder.

Objective To study infection of the lung tissue by bronchoalveolar lavage for BALF and explore whether GM can help improve the he diagnosis efficiency in patients without granulocyte deficiency with IPA, and find the threshold of GM values. Methods Between January 2011 and December 2011, 173 cases of patients were considered possible invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in parallel BALF GM detection in the center of the respiratory endoscopic examination.. According to the diagnostic criteria at home and abroad, all the cases were divided into four groups, including group of IPA, group of tuberculosis, group of bacterial pneumonia and group of non-infection. Using ELISA method for determination of serum and BALF GM. The diagnostic value was made by statistical methods in BALF GM detection without patients of granulocyte deficiency with IPA. Results There were 11 cases in the group of IPA, 23 cases in the group of tuberculosis, 90 cases in the group of bacterial pneumonia and 49 cases in the group of non-infection. In patients without granulocyte deficiency with IPA,BALF GM value was higher comparing with the patients without IPA. There were significant difference between the two groups; Comparing the GM value in the serum, the detection of BALF GM was higher in IPA. ROC curve analysis found that when the BALF GM test value was 0.95 or higher, there was highest possible with IPA. Conclusion BALF GM testing is beneficial to patients of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis without granulocyte deficiency in early identification with IPA. This study found that BALF GM best value is 0.95 or higher.

Objective To investigate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of silybin A and silybin B in rats,respectively.Methods Following iv and ig administration of silybin to 20 Wistar rats,the plasma samples were collected at different time points up to 12 h.Sample pretreatment was involved in one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile.Silybin A and silybin B were simultaneously determined by LC-MS/MS.Results After ig dosing silybin 28,56,and 112 mg/kg to rats,the t1/2β values were 5.48,5.08,and 5.73 h for silybin A,and 4.56,4.12,and 5.53 h for silybin B; The Cmax were 674.3,1349.4,and 2042.5 ng/mL for silybin A,and 671.0,1365.4,and 2066.2 ng/mL for silybin B; The Tmax were 0.20,0.23,and 0.20 h for silybin A,and 0.20,0.23,and 0.20 h for silybin B; The AUC were 454.4,845.9,and 1219.5 h·ng/mL for silybin A,and 432.0,817.1,and 1153.6 h·ng/mL for silybin B.The absolute bioavailabilities of silybin A and silybin B were 2.86％ and 1.93％,respectively.Conclusion Silybin A and silybin B have very low bioavailability after ig administration,and there is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between silybin A and silybin B,which indicates that the two diastereoisomers have similar pharmacokinetic behavior in rats.

Objecitve:To investigate effects of urotensin Ⅱ( UⅡ)/UT system on innate immune inflammatory signal pathway TLR4-IRF3 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Kupffer cells (KCs).Methods: Rat KCs were isolated and cultured.Pro-in-flammatory cytokines including IL-6,IFN-βand IFN-γwere assayed by ELISA in culture supernatant of KCs.Cell surface TLR4 were tested with flow cytometry technique.Expression of IRF3 were tested with real-time PCR and Western blot.Results: Significant increases were showed in IL-6, IFN-βand IFN-γsecretion, TLR4-expressed positive rates and IRF3 mRNA levels in KCs after stimulated by LPS,but were inhibited via urantide pretreatment.In addition,LPS induced upregulation of nuclear IRF3 protein and downregulation of cytoplasm IRF3 protein in KCs,which were blocked by urantide pretreatment.Conclusion:UⅡ/UT system mediates immune inflammatory response in part through activating TLR 4-IRF3 pathway in LPS-stimulated KCs.

Objective To investigate the changes of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood samples collected from the patients with cervical cancer and its clinical signifi -cance , and to evaluate the correlations between Treg cells and the infection of high-risk human papillomavir-us ( HR-HPV) .Methods Flow cytometry analysis was performed to measure the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells among CD4+T cells in peripheral blood samples collected from 249 patients with cervical cancer , 30 patients with cervix intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) and 60 healthy subjects .The corre-lations between the levels of Treg cells and the clinicopathological features of cervical cancer were analyzed . Flow-through hybridization and gene chip technology ( HybriMax) were used to analyze the genotypes of HPV strains isolated from the 339 subjects.The correlations between Treg cells and HR-HPV infection were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the healthy subjects , the patients with cervical cancer or CIN showed higher percentages of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells and rates of HR-HPV infection (P<0.01).The percentages of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells in patients with cervical cancer were significantly correlated with the sta-ges of cervical cancer , which was staged by the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system,and the degrees of differentiation (P<0.05).The percentages of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with positive HR-HPV were significantly higher than those in patients without HR-HPV infection (P<0.01).Conclusion The CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells in peripheral blood might play an important role in the oncogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma , thus it could be used as a potential marker for the evaluation of disease progression .Moreover , the CD4+ CD25+ CD127low Treg cells were closely related to the HR-HPV infection.

The amplified VP2 gene (PPV strain SC-1) and PCV20RF2 gene were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pPI-2.EGFP.Then the recombinant plasmid named pPI-2.EGFP.VP2.ORF2 was obtained.Mediated by liposome,the recombinant plasmid was transfected into Veto cells and expressed.Using immunofluorescence assay,the fluorescence of expression products were first detected at 20 h after transfection and peaked 36 h.Under electronmicroscope,virus-like particles (VLPs) can be observed in the transfected cells.To confirm the obtained VLPs to be recombinant particles,piglets were immunized using purified VLPs.The dynamic variation of blood T lymphocytes and serum antibody level of PPV and PCV2 were measured.The results showed that the ratio of CD3+,CD4+ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood lymphocyte of immunized piglets raised in a certain degree,the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes fell at 7-14 d after immunization,and then raised.Relatively high level of PP-V,PCV2 specific antibody could be detected.This indicated that the expression of recombinant plasmid pPI-2.EGFP.VP2.ORF2 was successful,the virus-like particles were formed and showed favourable immunogenicity.

Objective To characterize clinical feature, frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from patients with nosocomial bloodstream infections in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from 1995 to 2004. Methods The clinical data of all patients who were diagnosed with nosocomial bloodstream infections based on national diagnostic criteria of nosocomial bloodstream infections were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogens were routinely isolated and identified. Susceptibilities against antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby-Bauer methods and analyzed by WHONET 5.0 software. Results During the 10-year study period, a total of 395 patients were diagnosed with nosocomid bloodstream infection with 435 strains isolated from blood specimen.Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacilli and fungi, accounted for 47.4%, 45.1 % and 7.6%,respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (21.4%), S. aures (17.9%), E.coli (13.6%), K. pneumoniae (10.8%), Candidaspp (7.4%), Enterococci (6.0%), Pseudomonasspp (6.0%) and Acinetobacter spp (3.7%) were frequently identified isolates. S. aures and coagulase-negative Staphylococci resistant to methicillin were 62.8% and 87.1%, respectively. The susceptibilities of cefotaxime and ceftazidime against E. coli and K. preumonine were 46%-78% and 27.7%-40.4%, respectively. Conclusions The Gram positive cocci are slightly more prevalent than Gram negative bacilli in nosocomial bloodstream infections and resistance to the first line antibiotics is common among all pathogens isolated. Candida spp is the fifth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections.