Objective: To prepare piroxicam nanostructured lipid carrier and investigate its transdermal absorption behavior in vitro. Methods:Piroxicam nanostructured lipid carrier was prepared by a melt-emulsion ultrasonication and low temperature-solidifica-tion method. The physicochemical properties such as appearance, morphology, particle size distribution, PdI and zeta potential of pi-roxicam nanostructured lipid carrier were evaluated. The transdermal absorption in vitro was investigated using Franz diffusion cells. Results:Piroxicam nanostructured lipid carrier was clear and transparent with small spherical shape as seen under a transmission elec-tron microscope. The particle size distribution, PdI and zeta potential was (106. 4 ± 31. 6) nm, (0. 217 ± 0. 07) and ( -31. 6 ± 2. 5) mV, respectively. Piroxicam nanostructured lipid carrier had higher cumulative transdermal amount in 12 h than piroxicam solution. Conclusion:The nanostructured lipid carrier can remarkably improve piroxicam permeation into skin, which provides reference for the new dosage form for the topical use of piroxicam.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic(PK) profile and relative bioavailability of two sustained release tablets containing 10 mg mizolastine in healthy, young Chinese volunteers. Methods A single oral dose of mizolastine was given under fasting conditions to volunteers aged from 21 to 24 years in this open-label, randomized, crossover study. A ten-day washout period was applied between each of the two formulations. Plasma samples were obtained before dosing and at predetermined time points after dosing up to 48 hours and were analyzed for plasma concentration with a high-performance-liquid chromatography-UV method. PK parameters representing the extent and the rate of absorption of mizolastine were obtained. An analysis of variance, 90% confidence intervals, and two one-sided tests were employed for statistical analysis of relative difference between the two formulations. Results According to the pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis, parameters were not statistically different between the two formulations except the peak concentration (cmax). The point estimates of the ratios of AUC0→t, AUC0→∞ of mizolastine were (101.26 + 9.82) % and (102.52 + 8.61)% with 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of 95. 5% - 106. 5% and 97. 7% -106.9% respectively, comprised in the stipulated 80% - 125% range; for cmax values, the ratios was 82.17% - 15.32% with the 90% CIs of 71. 7% - 91.1%, fell in the recommended range of 70% -143%. Conclusions The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in PK parameters except cmax between the two sustained release tablets of mizolastine. The 90% CIs of AUC0→t,AUC0→∞ and cmax are within the predefined range. Thus, the two sustained release tablets of mizolastine are considered bioequivalent and generally well tolerated.

Objective To survey the knowledge of the Urumqi population in Xinjiang on the awareness and the protection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Methods Three hundred and twentyfour subjects from Urumqi were investigated with a questionnaire about the basic knowledge of UV,the UV protection methods,the awareness and application of sunscreens,and the channels through which they acquired the knowledge.Results A total of 324 subjects completed the questionnaire.Only 78.0％ knew the harmful effects of UV,62.0％ of them knew that UV could lead to skin photo-aging,and 54.9％ knew that UV irradiation could cause skin cancer.Sunscreens were the main choice for UV protection (58.0％).Regarding sunscreens,38.3％ subjects knew the meaning of SPF,and only a small percentage of subjects (17.3％) were aware of the meaning of PA.About 25.3％ of subjects applied sunscreens every day,43.2％ used sunscreens sometimes,and 18.5％ did not use it at all.The main factor of choosing sunscreens was brand popularity and the main information sources to get the knowledge of UV and UV protection were TV advertisements.Conclusions This study shows that the knowledge of UV and UV protection of the Urumqi population is acceptable,but the protections are insufficient,which should be strengthened and guided through dermatologists and multiple media.

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oral cancer cell line KB in vitro. Methods Human oral cancer cell line KB was exposed to different doses of metformin (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mmol/L), and the changes in cell viability were detected using MTT assay. Colony formation of the cells was observed following an 8-day metformin exposure. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by JC-1 assay, and PI staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis. Western blotting was employed to detect the changes in the protein expressions of GRP78 and activated caspase-3. Results Metformin exposure caused time-and dose-dependent suppression of KB cell proliferation, and exposure to 5 mmol/L metformin for 24, 48 and 72 h resulted in cell survival rates of 68.0%, 36.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. Metformin significantly inhibited KB cell colony formation. Exposure of the cells to increased concentrations of metformin gradually increased the apoptotic rate and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Metformin caused an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation of GRP78 expression in KB cells and increased the expression of activated caspase-3. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of KB cells, the mechanism of which may involve the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of arsenic trioixide (As2O3) and its main side effects.Method As2O3 was administered intravenously at the dose of 10 mg per day for the treatment of 8 relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. The arsenic content was measured by Gas-phase chromotography. Results The plasma maximal concentration (Cpmax) was 0.94±0.37 mg/L (±s), time to peak concentration (Tp) was 4 hours, plasma distribution half-time (t1/2α) and elimination half-time (t1/2β) were 0.89±0.29 hours and 12.13±3.31 hours, respectively. Apparent distribution volume (Vc) was 3.83±0.45 L, system clearance (CLs) was 1.43±0.17 L/h, and area under curve (AUC) was 7.25±0.97 mg*h/L. The continuous administration of As2O3 did not alter its pharmacokinetic behaviors. During As2O3 treatment, 24-hour arsenic content in urine accounted for 1%-8% of the dialy dose (10 mg). When arsenic accumulation in hair and nail increased continuously, the peak concentration could be five to seven-fold higher than that of pre-treatment. Importantly, arsenic contents in both urine and hair or nail declined gradually after drug withdrawal. No bone marrow suppression or severe organ-impairment was found.Conclusion As2O3 is a relatively safe and effective remedy in the treatment of patients with relapsed APL, in spite of certain degree of arsenic accumulation in some tissues.

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oral cancer cell line KB in vitro. Methods Human oral cancer cell line KB was exposed to different doses of metformin (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mmol/L), and the changes in cell viability were detected using MTT assay. Colony formation of the cells was observed following an 8-day metformin exposure. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by JC-1 assay, and PI staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis. Western blotting was employed to detect the changes in the protein expressions of GRP78 and activated caspase-3. Results Metformin exposure caused time-and dose-dependent suppression of KB cell proliferation, and exposure to 5 mmol/L metformin for 24, 48 and 72 h resulted in cell survival rates of 68.0%, 36.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. Metformin significantly inhibited KB cell colony formation. Exposure of the cells to increased concentrations of metformin gradually increased the apoptotic rate and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Metformin caused an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation of GRP78 expression in KB cells and increased the expression of activated caspase-3. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of KB cells, the mechanism of which may involve the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To investigate the effects of Maiqi-Jiangtang pill on the glycolipid level in type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice.Methods The 8-week old male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into Maiqi-Jiangtang pill high- (8 g/kg), medium- (4 g/kg), low- (2 g/kg) dose groups. All the mice orally adiministered with the drugs once a day for 10 weeks. The same week age normal C57BL/6J control mice and ob/ob model group mice were orally administered with the equal volume solvent. The body weight per week were recorded. The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) was measured by glycemic instrument. The content of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C in serum, and TG and TC content in liver were determined by biochemical method. The liver index was calculated.Results Compared with ob/ob model group, there was no significant change in body weight of mice administered with Maiqi-Jiangtang pill for 10 weeks. Compared with the model group, the low-, medium- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly decrease the FBG (7.43 ± 1.71 mmol/L,7.84 ± 1.09 mmol/L vs.8.95 ± 0.96mmol/L), the high- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly reduce the TG (0.93 ± 0.16 mmol/L vs.1.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L) and LDL-C (2.10 ± 0.51 mmol/L vs.2.56 ± 0.44 mmol/L) content in serum of ob/ob mice (P<0.05), increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.40 ± 0.39vs.1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.01), decrease the liver weight (3.52 ± 0.26 gvs. 3.98 ± 0.35 g) and the liver index (0.063 ± 0.004vs. 0.071 ± 0.006) (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could also significantly decrease the TG level (0.63 ± 0.25 mmol/gvs. 1.05 ± 0.67 mmol/g) in liver and significantly increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.30 ± 0.44vs. 1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.05).Conclusions The Maiqi-Jiangtang pill can reduce lipid in serum and liver of ob/ob mice while it can decrease the blood glucose, which need to further study its mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oral cancer cell line KB in vitro.

METHODSHuman oral cancer cell line KB was exposed to different doses of metformin (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mmol/L), and the changes in cell viability were detected using MTT assay. Colony formation of the cells was observed following an 8-day metformin exposure. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by JC-1 assay, and PI staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis. Western blotting was employed to detect the changes in the protein expressions of GRP78 and activated caspase-3.

RESULTSMetformin exposure caused time- and dose-dependent suppression of KB cell proliferation, and exposure to 5 mmol/L metformin for 24, 48 and 72 h resulted in cell survival rates of 68.0%, 36.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. Metformin significantly inhibited KB cell colony formation. Exposure of the cells to increased concentrations of metformin gradually increased the apoptotic rate and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Metformin caused an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation of GRP78 expression in KB cells and increased the expression of activated caspase-3.

CONCLUSIONMetformin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of KB cells, the mechanism of which may involve the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; KB Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Metformin ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of Tubridge flow diverter for the treatment of recurrent internal carotid blood blister-like aneurysms after stent-assisted embolization.Methods:From June 2018 to April 2021, patients with recurrent internal carotid blood blister-like aneurysms treated with Tubridge flow diverter in the Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. The perioperative safety, immediate postoperative and follow-up results were analyzed.Results:A total of 6 patients with recurrent internal carotid blood blister-like aneurysm after stent-assisted embolization were enrolled. The time interval from the first stent-assisted embolization to Tubridge placement was 14 to 90 d. Tubridge implantation alone was used in 4 patients, and Tubridge was implanted in the other 2 patients after the coils were packed. There were no complications during the perioperative period, and no rebleeding was observed after clinical follow-up for 5 to 36 months. Five patients were followed up by angiography for 1-3 months, and the aneurysms disappeared completely.Conclusion:Tubridge flow diverter for the treatment of recurrent internal carotid blood blister-like aneurysms is safe and effective.

Mandibular defects in adolescents are mostly caused by surgical resection of benign and malignant tumors, trauma and jaw inflammation. The reconstruction of mandibular defects in adolescents is challenging. In addition to solving the problem of jaw reconstruction in adults, some clinical factors, including the influence of surgery on the growth of donor and recipient areas, the long-term effects of reconstruction, and the outcome of bone grafts, must also be considered. At present, the main reconstructive methods include autogenous bone grafts and distraction osteogenesis. Autogenous bone grafts are still the gold standard due to their long-term effects. Favorable growth potential after repair was shown in adolescent cases of mandibular reconstruction with fibula flap. Normal occlusion was restored, and a long-term stable effect was achieved in cases of condylar reconstruction with costal cartilage. The safety and clinical effects of distraction osteogenesis have been confirmed, but the long-term effects of large-scale mandibular defects are still uncertain. In addition, other tissue engineering techniques also have good application prospects for the repair and reconstruction of adolescent mandible defects, but more in-depth basic research and more extensive clinical trials should be performed to verify the efficacy.