The function of metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluRs) in stress response was increasingly gaining recognition. The mGluRs can regulate the level of glucocorticoid(GC), the neurotoxin of glutamate and synaptic plasticity (LTP,LTD). So it may play an important role in stress response. The function of distinct type of mGluRs is different. Their mechanisms in stress response are very complex. So it is very essential to study the function of mGluRs in stress. Furthermore we can explore a new type drug targeting at mGluRs to cure the stress damage.-

Background Study confirmed that the active microglia may injure retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and increased cx3cr1 expression is an important factor in microglial activation,and thus blocking the expression of cx3cr1 can inhibit microglial activation, which may be useful in neuronal protection.Objective This study was to analyze the protective effects of cx3cr1 antibody on retinal neuron in rat eyes with IRI.Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table.IRI models were established by perfusing normal saline solution into the anterior chamber.The cx3cr1 antibody of 1 μl (0.2 μg/μl) was intravitreally injected in the right eyes in the normal rats or model rats as the only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and the model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,respectively,and no any drug was injected in the rats of the normal control group and model control group.Retinal sections were prepared 48 hours after modeling, and apoptosis of retinal neutron was observed under the transmission electron microscope;the morphology of retinas was exmined and the number of survival RGCs was calculated by histopathologic method.The expression of CD68 in activated retinal microglial cells was detected by immunochemistry, and the relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-ct) mRNA and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) mRNA in the retinas were assayed by real time quantitative PCR.Results The cell nucleus of RGCs showed the round and ellipse in shape and there were abundant organelles in the cells.The mophology of photoreceptors was normal with abundant mitochondrions.Irregular cell shape, disrupture of outer segment membranous disc, proliferative microglial cells in RGC layer were seen in the model group.However,these findings were mild in the model cx3crl antibody group.The mean number of survival RGCs was (38.100 ± 3.929), (37.200 ± 5.266), (26.700 ± 2.584) and (31.700 ± 2.946)/field in the normal control group,only cx3cr1 antibody injected group, model control group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,showing significant differences between the model group and the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group or model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =7.492,6.125,-4.607, all at P＜0.01).The expression levels (absorbance) of CD68 in rat retinas were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =-3.397 ,P =0.008;t =-6.207 ,P =0.000;t =3.494, P =0.007).The relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and IL-1 β mRNA in rat retinas were raised in the model group compared with the only cx3er1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were observed in these indicators between the normal control group and the only cx3crl antibody injected group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 antibody to neutralize cx3cr1 levels in retinas can effectively inhibit the activation of retinal microglia,decrease the release of inflammatory factors, reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and thereby protect the retinal neutrons against IRI in SD rats.Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 is safe and feasible.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of regulatory and non-coding RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides. They are involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis mainly by regulation of gene expression at various levels, including epigenetics, transcription and post-transcription. The evidence has demonstrated that many lncRNAs are dysregulated and closely related to tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Based on an introduction to lncRNAs and the domestic and foreign research status, this review summarizes the function, regulatory mechanisms, potential diagnostic and therapeutic values of lncRNAs in gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the clinical effect and side-effect of low molecular weight beparin (LMWH) and simvastatin on patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods 80 cases of AMI were randomly divided into simvastatin with low-molecular-weight heparin treatment (joint group) 40 cases and nitrates drug treatment( conventional group) 40 cases Au the patiants were observed before and after treatment for serum inflammatory factor,quantitative gated tomography,Holter and analysis of the effectbefore and after treatment. Results The conventional group and joint group after the treatment of TC, TG, LDL, HDL-C, hs-CRPs, CD40L levels were decreased than before treatment (t=2. 131, t = 2. 211, t = 2. 235, t = 2. 211, t = 2. 115, t = 2. 274, both P＜0. 05 ) ; the joint group after treatment bs-CRP, sCD40L significantly declined than conventional group (t = 2. 231, t = 2. 245, both P＜0. 05 ) ;conventional group of IMT dropped 1.1% lower than the 3.4% of the joint group ( X2 = 4. 01,P＜0. 05 ) ; conventional treatment group plaque score 11.5% higher than the combined group plaque score decreased 16. 9% (X2 =4. 25 ,P＜0. 05) ;joint group after treatment,a few soft spots(7. 7 %) lower than before treatment(28.2%) (X2 = 6. 78,P＜0. 01) ;the joint group of EDV,ESV,EF after treatment decreased significantly than before treatment (t =2. 221 ,t =2. 342 ,t = 2. 245, P＜0. 05) ; conventional treatment group and joint group after the number of ischemic attack, ST above the largest decrease, ST segment depression was significantly lower than the time before treatment(t=2. 731 ,t=2. 781, t=2. 785,t=2. 781, t=2. 815, t=2. 874, both P＜0. 01);joint total effective rate 90. 0% higher than the conventional group 67.4% (X2=4. 25,P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion Simvastatin combined with LMWH have good effect in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To evaluate the effect of this neuroendocrine hormone on protein expression by treating the human dermal fibroblasts with a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH ).Methods Thehuman dermal fibroblasts was cultured, and the total protein of the fibroblasts were separated with immobilized pH gradient-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). After Coomassie bright blue staining, gel images were acquired by Image-scanner and then analyzed with the PDQuest software. 2-DE maps of fibroblasts were established. Partial differently expressed protein spots were incised from gels and digested by trypsin in-gel. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and MSDB database searching by Mascot? software were used for protein identification. Results Well-resolved, reproducible 2-DE patterns of dermal fibroblasts treated with and without crMSH were obtained. 8 differently expressed protein spots were detected, among which 8 obtained peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Among these proteins, of particular interest were five proteins annexin I, HSP27 and lamin A, etc. Conclusions Proteins expressed by human dermal fibroblasts treated with or without crMSH are different, and some of the differently expressed proteins involve apoptosis, intracellular signal transduction and framework construction and so on, which may be associated with anti-fibrosis effects of (a)-MSH on human dermal fibroblasts.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of anterolateral decompression and internal fixation on the treatment of old thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture with associated incomplete paraplegia. Method the clinical findings of 26 cases with old thoracolumber vertebrae fracture with associated incomplete paraplegia treated by anterolateral decompression and internal fixing were reviewed retrospectively. Results All cases were followed up for 6 months through 2.5 years. The angle of kyphosis was 23?preoperatively and 6?postoperatively. According to Frankel's grading, there were two cases at grade A, three at grade B, five at grade C, seven at grade D, nine at grade E before operation and one at grade A, three at grade B, four at grade C, six at grade D and 12 at grade E after operation. Conclusion Anterolateral decompression and internal fixation is the treatment of choice for the old thoracolumber vertebrae fracture associated with incomplete paraplegia, especially for spinal deficit generated by displacement of the middle column.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) is the key regulator during stress reaction which integrates endocrine,autonomic,immune and behavioral responses to stressors.Receptors mediating the action of CRH have been identified as CRH-R1,CRH-R2 and CRH-R3.In the process of stress reaction,CRH mainly interacts with CRH-R1 and CRH-R2,producing multiple physiological and pathological effects.In recent years,by employing transgenic animals,selective CRH-receptor antagonists and special CRH-receptor agonists,the effect of CRH receptors on stress reaction and its mechainisms have been deeply realized.

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate mec ha nism of different therapies and formulas regulating chronic psychological stress . Methods The way of chronic bandaging and confining activity space w as adopted to establish chronic psychological stress rat model. The effects of d ifferent therapies and formulas on CRH mRNA expression in Hypothalamus were anal yzed by RT-PCR method. Results There was significant increase of CRH mRNA expression in Hypothalamus of rats with continual 2 wk psychological stres s(P

Aim To explore the mechanisms of action (MOA) of synergistic anticancer function in the combination of berberine and evodiamine.Methods We first analyzed the action of suppression in the drug combination from the cell level and validated the dose scope as well as ratio of concentration in synergistic effects of drug combination.Then, the miRNA chip of liver cancer cell BEL-7402 under different treatment was analyzed.By building the miRNA-mRNA network, the MOA of the synergistic drug combination was illustrated.Results Berberine and evodiamine used in combination could significantly synergistically suppress the proliferative ability of liver cancer cells.The special differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) mainly participated in some cancer proliferation-related pathways and biological processes, such as MAPK signaling pathway, endocytosis pathway and insulin signaling pathway.The special target genes influenced by the drug combination not only covered three kinds of membrane receptors, but also took part in the regulation of downstream pathways.Conclusions From the regulation of miRNAs, it is clear that berberine may play a primary role in the synergistical suppression activity of the drug combination in cancer cells.The discovery of synergistic MOA in the combination of berberine and evodiamine from the miRNA level will provide a new guidance to explore more synergistic drug combinations in the future.