Objective To analyze the characteristic and distribution of colonic polyps and investigate the diagnosis of colorectal benign polyps for chromoendoscopy and curative effect of argon plasma coagulation, High frequency electric knife electric coagulation, EMR, Titanium clips treating Colorectal benign polyps.Methods 175 patients of benign colorectal polyps of endoscopic diagnosis combined with pathology and treated were collected from December 2015 to June 2016.Results by ordinary and staining endoscopy, solitary polyp quantity and multiple polyps types in many segments for colon were more. Which the polyps quantity of rectum and sigmoid colon were more and polyp diameter was smaller in the left colon, the polyps quantity of ascending colon were less and polyp diameter was larger in the right colon. Pigment endoscopy was conduce to diagnose the micro-polyp. Chromoscopy enhanced the detection of multiple polyps in the colon.Conclusions Staining endoscopy is improved the multiple polyps detection rate and reduce omission diagnose rate, to proift the differential diagnosis of benign polyps, according to the solitary polyp and multiple polyps combined with polyp size in colon, which select the one of APC, high-frequency electric coagulation electric cut and EMR or two kinds of therapeutic endoscopy, therapeutic endoscopy is efifcacy and safety technique and the most of APC.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of taurine on HK-2 cells exposed to oxalate (Ox) and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) in vivo.Methods HK-2 cells,a proximal tubular epithelial cell line,were cultured.Five groups were divided in this study:control group (only HK-2 cells) ; Ox and COM group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM) ; Taurine group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Taurine) ; Apocynin group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Apocynin) ; Catalase group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM +Catalase).After 6 hrs,the cultures medias from each group were tested for LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and MCP-1 protein.Cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.After 24 hrs,cells livability was investigated by MTT.Results Compared with the control,cells livability was reduced when exposed to Ox and COM (P ＜ 0.05),Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly increased the cells livability (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control,the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were increased following exposure to Ox and COM (P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P ＜0.05).Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly reduced the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,as well as the cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA.Expression of P47phox mRNA in Taurine group was not reduced significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study showed that Taurine protected the HK-2 cells from oxidative injury exposed to Ox and COM by the pathway that may not be in relation to the inhibition of P47phox mRNA expression.

Through the investigation on Dendrobium Sw. resources of Chongqing, the species, distribution, ecological environment, and industry situations were basically clarified. The results showed that six counties including the Nanchuan district and Shizhu county had about 4 species, which mainly grew on trunks of forest plants such as Quercus phillyreoides, Ficus virens, walnut tree, and Fagus longipetiolata, as well as cliff valley. Its growth of the main conditions and illuminations has a great influence on ecological factors in Dendrobium Sw. stem growth. The cultivated variety of Dendrobium Sw. was a single. It was still in the early-stage trial of industry development.

BACKGROUND:More and more evidence suggests that macrophages and inflammation reactions are involved in the formation and development of nephrolithiasis. Previous studies have found that calculi crystals can stimulate macrophages to release high mobility group protein B1.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the synergistic effect of high mobility group protein B1 in calcium phosphate induced release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages.
METHODS:(1) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with RPMI (blank), 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 and 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 1, 2 and 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. (2) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+10μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+50μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. Levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 were determined by ELISA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group and 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 group were both higher than those in the blank group in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of different concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 groups were al higher than those in the 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). The results suggest that both calcium phosphate and high mobility group protein B1 can induce the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages and the high mobility group protein B1 has the synergistic effect with calcium phosphate to induce interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages.

The resource of rare and endangered medicinal plant Swertia mussotii Franch. in Tibet, Qinghai and Sichuan province were surveyed by ways of documents, interview, quadrat and market investigation. The results indi-cated that Swertia mussotii Franch. mainly distributed in Zuogong and Mangkang of Tibet, Yushu of Qinghai province, Shiqu, Daofu, Kangding, Maerkang, Jinchuan and Xiaojin of Sichuan province. According to the height above sea level, the distribution altitude was from 2 300 m (Kangding of Sichuan province) to 3 900 m (Mangkang of Tibet). There are distributions of Swertia mussotii Franch. within the scope of 2 600 m. The illumination, water, soil, temperature and altitude had significant influence on the distribution, growth and reserve of Swertia mussotii Franch. from different angles. In recent years, there was huge increase of market requirement in Swertia mussotii Franch. which were used in Tibetan medicine Zangyinc he n. Excess collection was the primary cause of rapid decreasing in resource of Swertia mussotii Franch.. It was suggested to strengthen the management of rational collection, as well as to accelerate the development of cultivation and production.

Objective:To investigate five kinds of tuberculin skin test (TST), tubercle bacillus-antibody(TB-Ab), interferon-γ release assay(IGRA), tubercle bacillus-DNA (TB-DNA) and collection of bacterial centrifugal smears methods, the application value of combined detection in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis.Methods:A total of 150 eligible patients with pneumoconiosis from January 2018 to January 2019 in Zhangjiakou Pulmonary Hospital were selected as the research subjects, and all of them underwent TST, TB-Ab, IGRA, TB-DNA and bacterial centrifugal smear detection. Compared the positive rates of five detection methods in pneumoconiosis and its different stages, and compare the proportion of tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in different stages of pneumoconiosis.Results:Among the 150 patients with pneumoconiosis, 41 cases (27.33%) were with pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis infection, 24 cases (16.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 cases (14.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, and 45 cases (30.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis; with the improvement of pneumoconiosis stage, the proportion of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis infection and pulmonary tuberculosis increased significantly ( P<0.05). Compared with TB-Ab, TB-loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP), and interlayered cup collection centrifuge smear method, the overall positive rate of IGRA detection and pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ were higher ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with TST detection ( P>0.05). The positive rate of combined detection was higher, but there was no significant difference compared with IGRA detection ( P>0.05). With the increase of pneumoconiosis stage, the positive reaction intensity of TST decreased, and the positive value of TB-Ab and IGRA increased. Conclusions:The combined detection of TST, TB-Ab, IGRA, TB-DNA and bacterial centrifugal smear method can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis.

Objective By exploring the relationship between the gene polymorphism of tumor related gene CD44 and the occurrence of breast cancer,the pathogenic gene or genetic predisposing gene of breast cancer was studied so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the screening,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.Methods Samples from 265 cases of breast cancer and 290 healthy female were collected. Multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and two generation sequencing were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 4 loci of CD44 rs11607862,rs13347,rs7116432 and rs8193.T he size and metasta-sis of 235 patients were compared.Results There was no significant difference in the expression of four sitesloci in breast cancer patients.However,in the analysis of cancer patients,the GG genotype of rs13347 lo-cus was lower than that of CC/CG type,and the lymph node metastasis rate was lower.Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the rs13347 loci of CD44 and the metastasis of breast cancer.The correlation be-tween the genetic polymorphisms of 3 loci of rs11607862,rs7116432 and rs8193 and the development of breast cancer needs more clinical samples and further research.

Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is the common disease of urinary surgery, its exact pathogenesis is still unclear.It is believed that the renal inflammatory injury induced by cell-crystal reaction plays an important role in the formation of intrarenal calcium oxalate crystals. Recent studies indicated that inflammation induced by cell-crystal reaction can cause renal cell damage, stimulate intracellular expression of NADPH oxidase, trigger the massive production of reactive oxygen species, activate nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, release a large number of inflammatory factors, and cause inflammatory cascade effect of the kidney, thus promoting the accumulation, nucleation and growth of calcium salt crystals, eventually leading to the formation of intrarenal crystals and even stones. In this process, the regulatory factors and mechanisms involved include macrophages, NLRP3-high mobility group box-1 protein inflammation network, fetuin A, autophagy activation and other factors.

OBJECTIVETo determine the content of podophyllotoxin and total lignans in Sinopodophyllum emodi Ying from different areas and evaluate the resource utilization of this endangered medicinal plant.

METHODHPLC and UV spectrophotometry were used to determine the content of podophyllotoxin and total lignans in 126 samples from different habitats and the total lignans content was determined by the reference wavelength method.

RESULTAccording to the results, the highest content was determined from the samples from Yongdeng Nature Reserve in Gansu province, and the lowest ones was found in the samples from Tibet. The former's podophyllotoxin and total lignans contents were 7.40% and 20.66%, respectively, which were 19 times and 4 times more than those of the latter. The content of podophyllotoxin and total lignans in S. emodi were significantly positively related, meanwhile, samples from both low altitude and high latitude showed the higher content.

CONCLUSIONThe two determination methods are simple, rapid, accurate and repeatable. It is more scientific and rational to evaluate the resource utilization of S. emodi with two indicators, those are the content of podophyllotoxin and the content of total lignans. This paper is instructive to the collection of wild resources and the establishment of production bases.

The resource of Sinopodophyllum emodi in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan province were surveyed by the ways of documents, interview, quadrat and market investigation. The results indicated that S. emodi were mainly distributed in central part from Taibai Shan of Shanxi province along the middle and high mountain on either side of Hengduan mountain which from north to south and in Tibetan plateau of China, the suitable eco-environment of S. emodi was dominated by valleys, wet forests and low bush-woods vegetation which comparatively dry on plateau with the altitude focused on 1 5004 500 meters, and the distribution density of simple alpine meadow was relatively lower. Illumination, water, soil, temperature and altitude had significant influences on the growth, distribution and reserves of S. emodi from different angles. In recent years, there was sharp increase of market requirement in Xiaoyelian (fruit) which were used in Tibetan medicine and the underground part which was used for the extraction of podophyllotoxin, excess collection of the underground part was the primary cause of the rapid decreasing resource of S. emodi. It is suggested that the management of rational collection should be strengthen and the development of culturing and production should be meanwhile accelerated.
Berberidaceae ; growth & development ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Endangered Species ; economics ; statistics & numerical data ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development