Urinary system often requires the restoration and reconstruction due to the impairments resulting from the congenital abnormality or acquired damage. Previously, some of autologous tissues are used as the substitutes of the restoration, but they are unsatisfactory regarding the complicated sampling, limited resources and many complications, as well as the inefficient structure and function of original tissues and organs. With the development of tissue engineering techniques, the tissue-engineered scaffold materials have provides a novel method for the restoration and reconstruction of urinary system. According to the sources, the tissue- engineered scaffold materials can be divided into artificially synthesized scaffolds, native scaffolds and extracellular matrix materials. Native scaffold materials carry good biocompatibility and low antigenicity, but their sources are little. Artificially synthesized scaffold materials are excellent in the physico-mechanical property, but some of them such as polylactic acid are absent to the specific information recognized by the cells, thus losing the cellular affinity. In contrast, extracellular matrix materials are better in the biocompatibility for the local urinary tissues. However, they are observed for only a short term, further researches needs to focus on the side effect or adverse reaction in vivo. In this study, three kinds of tissue-engineered scaffold materials have been introduced and their application characteristics in the restoration and reconstruction of urinary system are also analyzed, as well as their application prospect.

Recently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been emphasized in the area of intensive care unit (ICU) and other domains. HO-1 can catalyze the decomposition of heine and the products of its enzymatic activity, including carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and bilirubin and ferritin can play a significant cytoprotec-tive role in antagonizing inflammation, protecting cells from oxidative injury and cellular stresses. In the re-search of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), researchers have realized that it is of great importance to antago-nize the overflow of cytokines in order to improve the therapeutic effect of SAP. In this article, we give a re-view of the research progress of HO-1 and its relationship with SAP.

Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between po stoperative survival rate and three stage systems (Nevin,AJCC,JSBS) of gallbladd er carcinoma. Methods:From October 1988 to December 1998 a total of 30 patien ts with gallbladder carcinoma underwent radical resection in the Xinhua Hospital . All patients were classified by 3 different methods of staging.The 1-year,3- year ,5-year postoperative survival rates were evaluated according to the stage . Results:All patients with stage Ⅰ were alive. There were less cases in Nevin’s stageⅡ,Ⅲ. The 3-year,5-year survival rates in patients wit h Nevin’s stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ were better than the other two classifications. The 5-ye ar survival rates in patients with Nevin’s stage Ⅲ were better than those with Nevin’s stage Ⅳ. The 3-year,5-year survival rates in patients with Nevin’s stage Ⅳ/Ⅴ were significantly better than the other two classifications (P

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of biliary tract with a very poor prognosis. The therapeutic strategy of gallbladder cancer has been improved in some aspects. Identifying the accurate stage is the basis of surgical treatment. Radical resection is the only choice of treatment which provides patients long survival. For most patients in T1a stage, simple cholecystectomy is adequate, but dissection of hepatoduodenal ligament should be added when the lesions located in neck and duct of gallbladder. Patients in T1b stage often need radical cholecystectomy. Radical cholecystectomy with Ⅳb and Ⅴ segmentectomy and lymphadenectomy of N2 nodes should be performed to patients in T2 stage. Extended right lobe resection can improve the prognosis of selected T3 and T4 patients.The effect of chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer remains unsatisfactory, and current chemotherapeutic regimens were based on 5-FU, gemcitabine or S-1. The effect of a new chemotherapeutic sensitization scheme with continuous infusion of somatostatin,epirubicin 5-FU/CF and cisplatin is under research, and the preliminary results are promising. Radiation shows some benefits to patients with gallbladder cancer, but its effects are still uncertain.

BACKGROUND:Vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene have been shown to have highly hydrophobic surface characterized by resistance to water penetration and biological durability. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for repair of peripheral arterial injuries. METHODS:Thirty-eight patients with peripheral arterial injuries, consisting of 30 males and 8 females, aged 17-61 years, were included in this study. After conventional fluid infusion, anti-shock treatment, anti-inflammation, and debridement, they received implantation of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. A 12-month folow-up observation was performed to investigate the recovery of affected limbs and vascular patency in patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After implantation of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, al vessels were unblocked and no cases died or had limbs amputated. Blood supply of al affected limbs recovered to normal and there was no vascular anastomotic infection. Imaging results showed that vascular patency rate was 100%. Ultrasound examination results showed that at the end of the folow-up period, the inner wal of the vascular grafts was smooth, obvious mural thrombus or anastomotic stenosis did not occur in any case, vascular patency rate was 92% (35/38), and no adverse reactions related to artificial vessels were observed. These findings suggest that vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for repair of peripheral arterial injuries exhibit striking surface anticoagulant property and long-term patency.

One case of secondary bleeding repeatedly after tonsillectomy. Secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy seldom happen to us. When the event occurs medical staff has to take effect way to control the bleeding immediately. Accumulated quantity of bleeding must be controlled to the lowest point as soon as possible. Other wise the bleeding may lead to death. This point should be considered by medical staff.
Humans ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

Objective: To prepare a functional chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres and observe its effects on repairing experimental rats gingivitis. Methods: Minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres were prepared by using gelatin as core material and emulsion crosslinking method, then the latter was incorporated into the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. Established an experimental gingivitis model in SD rats and to observe the effect of hydrogel on gingivitis. Results: Microspheres thermosensitive hydrogel had obviously sustained effects on gingivitis. Results showed that GI,PD in experiment group were significantly improved. Conclusion: The chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading of minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres have antiphlogistic effects on experimental rats gingivitis.

Objective To observe the influence of spine kyphotic deformity on postmenopausal osteoporosis patients' pulmonary function and physical activity,and then provide a guide for the rehabilitation training of patients with osteoporosis and a kyphotic spine.Methods Sixty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were recruited from the osteoporosis outpatients of the Third Hospital of Peking University.Half of them suffered from spine kyphosis (the spine kyphosis group) and the other half did not (the non-spine kyphosis group).There was no significant difference in the average ages and body mass indexes of the two groups.The research applied Cobb's angle and wall-occiput distance (WOD) to assess kyphosis severity,a visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate the patient's pain level,plus pulmonary function assessments and thoracic expansion assessments in both groups simultaneously,and the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) to assess the patients' physical activity.Results The spine kyphosis group said they experienced significantly more pain than the non-kyphosis group,and they had worse pulmonary function and poorer physical activity.These differences were statistically significant.Pulmonary function was significantly correlated with the severity of spine kyphosis,back ache,thoracic expansion as well as physical activity.Conclusion Spine kyphosis deformity can aggravate back ache among postmenopausal osteoporosis patients,and affect their pulmonary function and physical activity.When planning clinical exercise training for such patients,physicians should pay attention to respiratory function training so as to improve the patients' pulmonary function,physical activity and endurance as much as possible,and thus improve their quality of life.

Objective To investigate the stromal cell derived factor 1 α (SDF-1 α) and chemokine CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis using acupoint electroacupuncture (EA) on the brains of rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Ninety-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group (8 rats),a model group (50 rats),and an EA group (40 rats).The animal model of focal brain ischemia-reperfusion was made with all the rats in the model group and EA group by using the filament occlusion technique.The model and EA groups were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the sampling time points on the 1 st,3rd,7th,14th or 21st day after ischemia-reperfusion.The EA was administered bilaterally to the rat analog of the Hegu point (LI 4) in the EA group.The model and control groups received no special treatment.Immunohistochemical methods were employed to detect CXCR4-positive cells in the model and EA groups.The expressions of SDF-1α and CXCR4 mRNA were detected with RT-PCR methods in the 3rd,7th and 14th day subgroups.Results With the prolongation of reperfusion,SDF-1α mRNA expression in the model group had a single peak-like increase in the ischemic area of the cerebral cortex.It had increased significantly by the 3rd day,reached its peak value at the 7th day and then decreased gradually.SDF-1α mRNA expression in the EA group behaved similarly,but SDF-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the EA group than in the other two.In the model and EA groups CXCR4 mRNA relative values were higher at the 7th and 14th day than at day 3,and the expression at day 14 was significantly greater than at day 7.CXCR4 mRNA values in the EA group were significantly higher than in the model group at each time point.The expression of CXCR4-positive cells began to increase on the 1 st day in the model group,reached its peak value at the 7th day,then decreased by day 14,but it was still strongly expressed highly at the 21st day.Compared with the model group,the expression in the EA group showed the same pattern,but the number of CXCR4-positive cells in EA group was significantly higher.Conclusion Point EA can activate the SDF-1α and CXCR4 axis to promote angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,at least in rats.

Objective To investigate the morbidity rate and risk factors of post-stroke depression in middle-aged and elderly per-sons with the stroke .Methods From March 2011 to March 2012 ,68 cases of stroke patients were followed up for 6 months after the first stroke .Hamilton Depression Scale-17 ,Activity of Daily Living Scale ,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ,Scores of Neuro-logical Deficit and Family APGAR Index were used to investigate the morbidity rate and risk factors of PSD in 6 months after the attack of stroke .Results The morbidity rate of PSD was 36 .76% (25/68) in 6 months after the first stroke .Logistic regression a-nalysis indicated that the morbidity rate of PSD was without a clear relationship with age ,whether or not combined with basic disea-ses ,personality ,daily life ability and neurologic impairment .It was closely related with stroke position ,gender ,economy and family care .Conclusion The morbidity rate of PSD is considerable and the major risk factors of PSD are female ,left brain stroke ,poor e-conomic condition and lack of family care .