Objective To analyze the hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection factors and prognosis.Methods The clinical data of 403 patients with hydrocephalus shunts,including 64 cases of postoperative infection,were retrospectively analyzed.And the sex ratio,age level,differences in etiology and infection,and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed by logistic regression.Results There were 64 infection cases (15.9％),including 47 cases of meningitis (73.5％),10 cases of peritonitis (15.6 ％),and 7 cases of postoperative infection (10.9％).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,idio-hydrocephaly,apoplexy were not significantly correlated with hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection(P ＞0.05),while age,congenital hydrocephalus,intracranial neoplasms,infection time were correlated with hydrocephalus shunt postoperative infection (P ＜ 0.05).Age was negatively correlated with GOS (r =-0.478,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Age,hydrocephalus etiology and infection time were the risk factors for infection.Age is a factor affect the prognosis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of regulatory and non-coding RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides. They are involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis mainly by regulation of gene expression at various levels, including epigenetics, transcription and post-transcription. The evidence has demonstrated that many lncRNAs are dysregulated and closely related to tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Based on an introduction to lncRNAs and the domestic and foreign research status, this review summarizes the function, regulatory mechanisms, potential diagnostic and therapeutic values of lncRNAs in gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the Fsp27 gene's influence on the regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.Methods HSCs were isolated from rat liver,the Fsp27 gene was detected in primary HSCs,and activated HSCs were detected by RT-qPCR.After 72 h of Fsp27 transduction through a lentivirus expressing Fsp27 (pLV-Fsp27),the proliferation of HSCs was tested by the CCK-8 test kit,smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) expression of HSCs was tested by Western blot,and the fibrosis-related genes were tested by RT-qPCR.Results The HSCs were isolated and cultured successfully,and the Fsp27 genetic difference between primary and activated HSCs was significant (P＜0.01).After coculture for 72 h,Fsp27 inhibited the proliferation and activation of HSCs (P＜0.05).Fsp27 can enhance expression of the MMP-2 gene and down-regulate expression of the TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 gene in activated HSCs (P＜0.05).Conclusion The Fsp27 gene can inhibit the proliferation and activation of HSCs,regulate the expression of fibrosis-related genes,and may play an important role in maintaining the quiescent phenotype of HSCs.

Objective To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Ménétrier disease in China. Methods A systematic review of Ménétrier disease in China was performed. Four electronic databases were searched from 1993 to 2008 including CNKI and Wanfang seeking studies about pathologically performed Ménétrier disease. Results Data of 95 patients with Ménétrier disease from 62 studies was included. There were 74 males and 21 females. The mean age of onset in adults was (47.4± 5.3) years . The process of the disease was longer in male individuals that in female individals (47.5 months vs. 13.7 months, P<0.05). The main symptoms included abdominal pain (76.8%), weight loss (42.1%), anorexia (40.0%) and edema of lower extremities (36.8%), etc.Hypoproteinemia was accounted for 71.6 % and most of the patients had hypochlorhydria. The typical giant hyperplastic gastric fold was found in 88.4 % of the patients under endoscopy. The diffuse type was in predominance and mainly involved the greater curve of the stomach (55.3 %). Whereas 5.3 patients were accompanied with gastric cancer. The misdiagnostic rate of the disease was 31. 6%,which accounted for 50% in surgically treated patients. Conclusions In China, the Ménétrier disease is predominant in middle-aged males, and the process is longer in males than in females. Misdiagnosis is related to existence of weight loss and hypoproteinemia. Most of the patients with Ménétrier disease have a good prognosis even the disease process is long.

Objective To establish mouse poisoning model by inhaling benzene, and to investigate the induction effect of benzene on the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells and its mechanism, and to provide an experimental basis for study on bone marrow toxicity mechanism.Methods 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6).The mice in one group were exposed to ambient air (control group)and the mice in the other three groups were exposed to different doses (400,800,1 600 mg·m-3 )of benzene (low,middle and high doses of benzene groups)for 1 5 d in the respective inhalation chambers. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed. The bone marrow of the mice was obtained. The pathological changes of the bone marrow cells of the mice in various groups were observed under light microscope with HE staining.The apoptotic rates and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP ) of the mice in various groups were detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of mitochondrial-deperdent apoptosis related gene proteins were determined with immunohistochemistry method. Results The number of distal and central cells in different doses of benzene groups were significantly reduced,and accompanied by blood sinus expansion in high dose of benzene group.The apoptotic rates of the cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were obviously higher than that in control group (Ρ<0.01),and there were also significant differences between high dose group and low,middle doses of benzene groups (Ρ<0.05).The MMP was significantly decreased with the increasing of benzene doses, and there were significant differences between middle,high doses of benzene groups and control group (Ρ<0.05).The number of Bax,CytC positive cells in different doses of benzene groups and the number of Caspase-9,Caspase-3 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were significantly increased compared with control group(Ρ<0.05);the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in different doses of benzene groups was decreased(Ρ<0.05),and number of Bcl-2 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups was decreased compared with low dose of benzene group (P<0.05). Conclusion Benzene with certain dose can induce the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells, and promote the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis related gene proteins. Benzene-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway may be an important mechanism of bone marrow toxicity induced by benzene.

In 1989, Fitz defined and classified severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and he thought that surgical treatment of SAP is feasible. Since then, the strategy of treating SAP was a controversial issue over past decades. Currently, relevant literatures reported that medical or minimally invasive treatments are superior to surgical treatment, while it is too early to make the final conclusion because of the complexity of SAP. From 1989 to 2008, 1852 patients with acute pancreatitis were treated at the General Hospital of PLA, and the clinical data of 18 patients who died of SAP were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the analysis, we concluded that medical conservative therapy and surgical operative therapy should not be opposed to each other. Selecting ideal timing and appropriate operation on the basis of pathological changes of retroperitoneum and pancreatitis should be considered seriously, and the new concept of "miniaturization of trauma" should also be introduced in treating SAP.

Objective To detect the presence of the apoptotic sensory neurons in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following non-freezing cold injury of the sciatic nerve.Methods Thirty three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (7 d group, 14 d group, 21 d group; n=11 each).The sciatic nerves were cooled to 4 ℃ for 2 hours and the control side underwent sham operation.The pathological examination was performed on L4-6 DRGs at 7, 14, and 21 d post operation.The apoptotic sensory neurons of L4-6 DRGs were detected using FCM (Annexin /PI) and TUNEL staining.Results The apoptotic sensory neurons of L4-6 DRGs were revealed after non-freezing cold injury of the rat sciatic nerve.FCM (Annexin /PI) and TUNEL quantitative analysis indicated that the apoptotic neurons significantly increased in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d post operation following non-freezing cold injury of the sciatic nerve.TUNEL qualitative analysis further confirmed pathological characters of neuron apoptosis in L4-6 DRGs.The apoptotic neurons began to increase from 7~(th) day, reached peak at 14~(th) day, and then decreased slightly at 21 d following operation.Conclusions Non-freezing cold injury on sciatic nerves can cause the sensory neurons apoptosis of L4-6 DRGs.

Objective:To summarize the morphological characteristics and clinical experience of pulmonary artery sling(PAS) combined with anomalous bronchial branching, and provide new considerations for surgically treating PAS.Methods:A retrospective review of surgical experience of all patients with anomalous bronchial branching from January 2012 to December 2018 at Shanghai Children's Medical Center was conducted. There are 4 types according to the morphology of anomalous bronchial branching: tracheal bronchus, bronchial trifurcation, bridging bronchus, tracheal bronchus combined with bronchial trifurcation. The proportion of patients with anomalous bronchial branching combined with PAS was counted. The rate of tracheoplasty for four types was determined. We measured the interbronchial and subcarinal/subpseudocarinal angles before and after tracheoplasty.Results:140 patients were included in our study. The tracheal diameter of 11(21%, 11/53) patients with tracheal bronchus and 4(9%, 4/44) patients with bronchial trifurcation was normal. Among these patients, 125 patients had congenital tracheal stenosis(CTS). 115 patients underwent tracheoplasty. The rate of tracheoplasty of bridging bronchus was higher than tracheal bronchus(100% vs. 60%, P=0.000). One-stage surgery was performed in 76(61%) patients who had PAS. The interbronchial and subcarinal/subpseudocarinal angles were significantly reduced postoperatively( P=0.000). Conclusion:It is difficult to explain merely with vascular compression in patients with PAS with CTS and anomalous bronchial branching. One-stage slide tracheoplasty is currently the optimal option.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the Reelin protein and schizophrenia .Methods 89 patients with schizophrenia were served as schizophrenic group and 89 healthy people as control group .Western blot was employed to detect their peripheral blood Reelin protein expression .Results The expression level of peripheral blood Reelin protein of patients in schizo-phrenic group(0 .66 ± 0 .27) was significantly lower than that in the control group(1 .01 ± 0 .23)(P<0 .05) .Reelin protein expres-sion levels of male and female patients in schizophrenic group were 0 .66 ± 0 .22 and 0 .66 ± 0 .26 ,respectively ,with no statistically significant difference(t=0 .181 ,P>0 .05) .Reelin protein expression levels of male and female subjects in the control group were 1 .01 ± 0 .25 and 1 .02 ± 0 .26 ,respectively ,with also no statistically significant difference (t=0 .201 ,P>0 .05) .Conclusion The low expression level of Reelin protein is related to schizophrenia .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the advantage of Gukangling Decoction (GKLD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, combined with technetium [(99)Tc] methylene diphosphonate injection ((99)Tc-MDP) in treating osteoporosis in rabbits. METHODS: A rabbit model of osteoporosis was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (DX). Fifty-six rabbits were divided into 8 groups: Group A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Rabbits in groups A and B were intramuscularly injected normal saline as normal control, groups C and D were untreated groups, rabbits in group E were treated by (99)-MDP, rabbits in group F were treated by aminodiphosphate, rabbits in group G were treated by GKLD, and rabbits in group H were treated by (99)-MDP and GKLD. Rabbits in groups A and C were executed to demonstrate the establishment of the rabbit model of osteoporosis at the 8th week of experiment. Rabbits in the other six groups were executed after 16-week experiment (8-week treatment), and then bone structure and cell shape were observed by electron microscope, X-ray, CT and emission computed tomography (ECT). Bone density, biomechanical parameters, the levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone Gla protein (BGP) were measured too. RESULTS: After 8-week of intramuscular injection of DX, the bone trabecula in group A were regular and showed normal configuration, while the bone trabecula in group C were sparse, ruptured and showed damaged form. The bone density and biomechanical parameters in group A were higher than those in group C, indicating that the rabbit model of osteoporosis was established successfully. At the 9th week of experiment, the results of cell pathology in group D showed that the bone trabeculas were sparse, ruptured, defected or had hollow section, but the bone trabeculas in group B were regular and dense. The bone trabeculas in groups H and E were restored, and were thicker than those in group D. The bone quality in groups H and E was better than group D significantly, the bone quality in group F was better than group G, and the bone quality in group G was better than group D slightly. CONCLUSION: GKLD combined with (99)-MDP had superiority in treating osteoporosis of rabbits as compared with the respective single therapy.