Objective To investigate pathogens and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in Intensive Care Unit(ICU).Methods Retrospective study of the clinical data,the distribution and the drug-sensitivity of pathogens of 220 cases with LRTI in ICU.Results Totally 280 strains of pathogens were identified by bacterial culturing.The ratio of G-bacteria to total pathogens isolated was 63.5%,of the G+ bacteria was 25.1%,and of the fungi was 11.4%.The main kinds of the G-bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae(17.1%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.2%),Acinetobacter baumannii(12.5%),and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(10.4%).Staphylococcus aureus(SA)(91.4%)was the most prominent in G+ bacteria,and MRSA was 98.4% in SA.The result of drug sensitive test in vitro showed the multiple drug fast rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparatively high,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to Levofloxacin was low,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were highly sensitive to carbapenems.The susceptibility rate of MRSA to vancomycin was 100%.Conclusion G-bacteria are the majority of the pathogens,isolated from patients with LRTI in ICU.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the chief G-pathogens.Except Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,imipenem and merpenem are relatively active against the G-bacilli.The proportion of MRSA and fungal infection is increasing.It is suggested that there be urgent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial agents during clinical therapy.

The social problems and medical burdens caused by obesity have become more serious in recent years. Obesity is mainly caused by the imbalance of energy intake and consumption in the body. The central nervous system and related neurons regulate the balance of energy metabolism. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and orexigenic neuropeptid Y(NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons that regulate the feeding behavior of body. High-fat diet induces phosphorylation of Rb protein in POMC neurons, and inactivation of Rb phosphorylation leads to re-entry of POMC neurons from the resting-state into the cell cycle, which rapidly shifts to apoptosis. High-fat diet also causes the inhibition of neuronal regeneration, induces inflammation and neuronal damage, loss of neuronal homeostasis, leptin resistance, and ultimately leads to obesity. This review discusses the relationship between loss of neuronal homeostasis and dietary obesity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, which might provide the evidence for prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Leptin ; Obesity ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin