Objective To discuss the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction on expressions of TGF-β1 and complement regulatory protein CR1 of the renal on IgA nephropathy rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomized into normal group, model group, tripterygium glycosides group and Liuwei Dihuang Decoction group after adaptive feeding for one week. Complex method was used to establish IgA nephropathy model. All administration groups were given relevant medicine for gavage for 4 weeks;urine routine, the number of urine erythrocyte and 24 h urine protein were detected;creatinine, urea nitrogen, total serum protein and serum alburin were detected from blood;the renal pathological changes were observed under light microscope by HE and Masson staining;the expressions of TGF-β1 and CR1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group,Liuwei Dihuang Decoction could significantly decrease the proteinuria and hematuria levels and renal fibrosis changes of IgA nephropathy model rats, reduce the expression of TGF-β1, and raise the expression of CR1 (P<0.05).Conclusion Liuwei Dihuang Decoction can delay the renal fibrosis in IgA nephropathy rats through reducing the degree of TGF-β1 and promoting the expression of CR1.

Objective:To explore the role of virtual reduction and design of 3D printed guide template in assisting reduction and internal fixation of comminuted patellar fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of 12 patients who had been treated for closed patellar fractures from March 2016 to April 2019 at Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital. They were 8 males and 4 females with an average age of 35.4 years (from 22 to 51). All their fractures were type 34-C3 (more than 3 fragments) according to the AO/OTA classification. Their preoperative CT data were imported into software Mimics to print a full patella, upper and lower halves of the patella, and a guide template for reduction. During operation, bone fragments were first temporarily fixated with a fine Kirschner wire after combined together with the assistance of reduction templates for upper and lower hemi-patellas. Next, the whole patella was precisely reset and definitely fixated using patellar ring ligation and tension band wire with the assistance of the reduction guide template for full patellar. Recorded were operation time, fluoroscopic frequency, and visual analogue scale (VAS), knee range of motion (ROM) and knee function B?stman scores at the last follow-up.Results:In this group of patients, operation time averaged 90 minutes (from 75 to 120 minutes), fluoroscopic frequency 4.5 times (from 3 to 8 times), follow-up duration 19 weeks (from 16 to 22 weeks), and fracture healing time 14 weeks (from 11 to 17 weeks). At their last follow-up, X-ray showed good patellar morphology, fine internal fixation positions and an average VAS pain scores of 0.3 (from 0 to 1), their knee joints could be fully straightened, their knee ROM averaged 130°(from 100° to 138°), and their knee B?stman scores 28.8 points (from 21 to 30 points), giving 9 excellent and 3 good cases.Conclusion:3D printed reduction guide templates can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of surgical reduction in comminuted patella fractures, enhancing fixation strength and facilitating early and full range exercise of the knee joint to achieve excellent recovery.

2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children.

At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still rampant worldwide.As of September 10, 2021, there were about 222 million confirmed cases of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and more than 4.6 million deaths worldwide.With the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the gradual vaccination worldwide, the increasing number of cases in children and unvaccinated young people has drawn attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data, the proportion of COVID-19 infection cases in children gradually increased, and the proportion of cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 5-14 years increased from 1.0% and 2.5% in January 2020 to 2.0% and 8.7% in July 2021, respectively.At present, billions of adults have been vaccinated with various COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, and their protective effects including reducing infection and transmission, reducing severe disease and hospitalization, and reducing death, as well as high safety have been confirmed.Canada, the United States, Europe and other countries have approved the emergency COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, and China has also approved the phased vaccination of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. For smooth advancement and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in children, academic institutions, including National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children′s Health, and The Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to reach this consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infections have raged globally for more than 2 years.China has always adopted scientific and effective prevention and control measures to achieved some success.However, with the continuous variation of SARS-CoV-2 cases and imported cases from abroad, the prevention and control work has become more difficult and complex.With the variation of the mutant strain, the number of cases in children changed, and some new special symptoms and complications were found, which proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.Based on the third edition, the present consensus according to the characteristics of the new strain, expounded the etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and according to the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of effective prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still worldwide.As a vulnerable group, severe and dead pediatric cases are also reported.Under this severe epidemic situation, children should be well protected.With the widespread vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults, the infection rate have decreased.Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation for children groups step by step is of great significance to the protection of children and the prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) as a whole.But the safety of children vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a main concern of parents.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of vaccination and the implementation of vaccination work, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children′s Health and the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized experts to interpret the main issue of parents about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children, in order to answer the doubts of parents.