BACKGROUND:Occluder closure of atrial septal defect exhibits clear function, safety and efficiency advantages ＜br> OBJECTIVE:Using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) technique to evaluate the effect of atrial septal defect occlusion using different occluders on left ventricular structure and motion of the mitral annulus. ＜br> METHODS:Thirty-seven cases diagnosed as atrial septal defect underwent atrial septal defect occlusion, including 20 males and 17 females, aged 20-60 years. The occluder was chosen individual y according to defect size and edge hardness. Conventional and RT-3DE examinations were performed at 1 day prior to occlusion, 1 and 3 months after occlusion. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Four of 37 patients were withdrawn from the study because of poor RT-3DE results. The other 33 patients harvested good occlusion results. At 1 and 3 months after occlusion, left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, left atrial end diastolic volume, left atrial end systolic volume were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Moreover, the more increase in these parameters occurred at 3 months after occlusion (P＜0.05). There were no significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and mitral annular displacement at three different time points. Left ventricular volume change rate and left atrial volume change rate were positively correlated to the type of occluders, while there was no correlation between endocardial cushion stump and mitral annular displacement. These findings suggest that atrial septal defect occlusion can increase the volume of the left ventricle and left atrium, but exhibit no effect on the motion of the mitral annulus.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common intrahepatic primary liver tumor after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Epidemiological study suggests a strong correlation between HBV infection and ICC development.This review focused on the potential mechanisms of HBV-induced ICC and gives a primary summary of suggested hypothesis,which included:(1) HBV infection of liver stem/progenitor cells will indirectly lead to HBV infection of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and lead to the development of ICC; (2) the changed microenvironment of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells by HBV infection eventually results in carcinogenesis ; (3) the HBV infection of hepatic sten/progenitor cell can transform into tumor-like stem cells and ultimately differentiate into ICC-like tumor cells.

Objective To measure the parameters of mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus in patientswithmildmitralregurgitation( MR )byreal timethree-dimensionaltransesophagealechocardiography (RT-3D-TEE),and explored the mechanism of MR.MethodsFifty-seven MR subjects were selected and twenty-eight subjects without mitral regurgitation were served as control group,all subjects were examined by RT-3D-TEE and acquired image,mitral valve quantification (MVQ) software was used for post-processing.Mitral annulus parameters (H/DAIPm,E2D,θAv-Mv,mitral annulus θnpa) and mitral valve leaflets parameters(A3DE,L2DAIPm,VA1-3tentVp1-3tentVtentHtentθnpa ) at the end of systolic were measured.The results of two groups were compared,and the most affected parameters to mild mitralregurgitation were selected.Results Compared with control group,VA3tent was decreased,mitral annulus θnpa and L2DAIPm increased,and the mitral valve leaflets θnpa was independently correlation factor of mild mitral regurgitation.ConclusionsThe mitral annulus geometry to flat in subjects with mild MR,the mitral valve local area is increased in subjects with mild MR,the mitral valve leaflets θnpa is independently correlation factor of mild mitral regurgitation.

AIM: To observe the role of exogenous and endogenous basic fibroblst growth factor (bFGF) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury of rats.METHODS:bFGF and bFGF antiserum were applied to rat isolated I/R heart. Myocardial function, coronary effluent volume,protein and myoglobin content as well as LDH activity in coronary effluent fluid, myocardial calcium, MDA and ATP concentration as well as PKC, MAPK activity were measured. RESULTS:Compared with control, myocardial function in I/R group significantly decreased. Protein, myoglobin content and LDH activity in coronary effluent liquid as well as myocardial MDA and calcium content increased, while myocardial ATP concentration decreased(all P

Objective To explore the influence of group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy and the incidence of the ear‐ly‐onset GBS disease for newborns .Methods Totally 47 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM ) , which were GBS positive and accepted antibiotic treatment ,who were chosen as the experimental group .While 73 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) ,which were not accept GBS screening and antibiotic treatment ,were chosen as control group .The neonatal clinical manifestations were observed .The swab specimens were collected from throat and detected of GBS by using PCR method .Results The experimental group showed no occurrence of neonatal group B streptococcal infection , dyspnea ,cyanosis and fever .Totally 7 cases of the control group had group B Streptococcus infection .Totally 2 cases had dyspnea and 2 cases had cyanosis .Totally 4 cases had fever .The neonatal research indicators of these two groups were statistically signifi‐cant differences (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy would effectively reduce the inci‐dence of neonatal infection of group B Streptococcus .

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of rehabilitation evaluation and treatment on Guillain-Barré syndrome.MethodsThe rehabilitation treatment was performed in 21 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated with Lindmark Assessment.ResultsThe total effective rate of all patients was 90.47% in the upper limps and wrists, 85.71% in the hands and 95.23% in the lower limps.ConclusionThe rehabilitation can improve the therapeutic effect of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Objective To explore the effect of silver needle thermo-conduction on cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA). Methods 82 patients with CSA were randomly divided into control group (n=41) and treatment group (n=41). The control group was treated with cervical traction combined with microwave diathermy, and the treatment group was treated with silver needle thermo-conduction combined with cervical traction. Both groups were evaluated with Evaluation Scale for Cervical Vertigo (ESCV) and transcranial Doppler before and 1 course after treatment. Results The ESCV score, the peak blood flow velocity of period of contraction of left vertebral artery, right vertebral artery and basilar artery in both groups were significantly higher after treatment than before (P<0.01), the treatment group was better than the control group after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion Silver needle thermo-conduction combined with cervical traction therapy can accelerate the blood flow of patients with CSA and improve their clinical symptoms

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant liver tumor derived from the epithelial cells of the second- or higher-order branch of the bile duct, with the features of insidious early symptoms, high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, lymph node metastasis, intrahepatic metastasis, and vascular invasion, and such patients tend to have poor prognosis. Early diagnosis can improve the radical resection rate and prognosis of ICC. At present, the preoperative diagnosis of ICC mainly relies on imaging technology, laboratory examination, and pathological examination. In addition, some new diagnostic methods have also been used in the diagnosis of ICC in recent years, but histopathological examination remains the only method for the diagnosis of ICC. This article reviews the latest research advances in the diagnosis of ICC.

Objective To evaluate left atrial appendage regional function and movement changes of systolic and diastolic in patients with atrial fibrillation by speckle tracking imaging(STI) and real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT-3D TEE).Methods Sixty-seven patients underwent RT-3D TEE was divided into 24 controls,22 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,21 persistent atrial fibrillation.Left atrial appendage was divided into basal,middle and apical segment.Left atrial appendage emptying fraction of the overall (LAA-EF),basal emptying fraction (B-EF),middle emptying fraction (M-EF) and apical emptying fraction (A-EF) was measured by three-dimensional volume measurement.Each segment systolic strain rate (SRS) and diastolic strain rate (SRD) was measured by STI.Results LAA-EF,B-EF,M-EF,A-EF of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation group were lower than those of the control group,and persistent atrial fibrillation group was the lowest in the three groups.Compared with the control group,SRS and SRD of left atrial appendage basal,middle,apical segment was lower in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group and persistent atrial fibrillation group,and persistent atrial fibrillation group decreased more significantly.Conclusions Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and persistent atrial fibrillation can lead to left atrial appendage global or local systolic and diastolic function to reduce,and persistent atrial fibrillation decreased more significantly.

Objective: To study the effect of urotensin(U Ⅱ) on nitric oxide synthase(NOS)/nitric oxide(NO) system in rat aorta. Methods: The aortic slices were incubated in vitro. The medium nitrite content, vascular NOS activities and cGMP content were measured. Results: After incubation of aorta for 1.5－3.0 h, UⅡ(10－9－10－7　mol*L－1) increased nitrite production ( 14.8%－80.9%, P<0.01) in dose-dependent manner. U Ⅱ significantly stimulated the total NOS activities, mainly activated constitutive NOS (P<0.05 or P<0.01), however, the inducible NOS activities were not altered (P>0.05). Incubation of aortic slices with U Ⅱ (10－9－10－7 mol*L－1) increased vascular cGMP content in dose-dependent manner. Co-incubation vascular tissue with U Ⅱ and　GN-L-nitro-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS, obviously inhibited the U Ⅱ-induced NOS activation, NO production and cGMP formation. Conclusion: The results suggest that U Ⅱ can activate the vascular NOS/NO pathway, increasing tissue NO production and cGMP content.