Objective:To evaluate hemostatic effects of a self-designed rapid-hemostatic-dressing(RHD) on bleeding of the partially ruptured superior sagittal sinus in dogs.Methods: Bleeding models of the partially ruptured superior sagittal sinus were established in 15 dogs by gunshot and surgery.The 15 model dogs were divided into 2 groups: RHD group(n=10) and control group(treated with surgicel,n=5).The survival time,blood loss,and other hematological parameters were measured over a 1-hour period.Results: The bleeding models of the partially ruptured superior sagittal sinus were successfully established in dogs.There were no significant differences in the baseline parameters of dogs compared with those 60 minutes after RHD treatment.The survival time in RHD group was significantly longer than that in control group and the blood loss was significantly lower than that of the control group(both P

Pressure vessel is used in medical organization as a kind of special medical equipment. It's easy to cause injury when improperly used. By analyzing technical performance, product security, accident threat that weakness element of MTF is pointed out and some suggestions of prevention accidents are produced.

As the base for the healthy development of civil medical equipment industry,the independent developing ability has attracted extensive attention.Firstly,medical equipment enterprises were divided into 5 modes according to their independent developing ability.Then the fuzzy evaluation method was utilized to evaluate them so as to correctly know the independent developing ability of medical equipment industry in our country.The evaluation shows that the brand value of the civil medical equipment is generally low.

Recent studies in the realm of metabolic chemistry of traditional Chinese drugs (TCD),appeared in literature were reviewed. Methods for such study were enumerated and commented upon.Some problems that arised in the study were discussed. It was suggested that the study of metabolic chem-istry on TCD and its compounded preparations should be further pursued.

Objective To evaluate the 3-year outcomes of the Medecins Sans Frontieres/Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Provention comprehensive and free of charge HIV/AIDS treatment and care project.Methods We present a detailed retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 432 cases who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)from December 2003 to December 2006.Results Among the adult patients who received HAART,the mortality rate was 6.5%and only 12(2.8%)patients were lost to follow up.The mean CD+4 T cell count increase was 147 cells/μl and 246 cells/μl for patients receiving HAART for 9-15 and 21-27 months respectively.An adherence assessment conducted during March to December 2006 indicated that 95.9%of the study cases reached an adherence of 95%or more of the prescribed medications.Among the 30 children patients who received HAART,4(13.3%)cases died and the mean CD4+T cell increase after 9-15 and 21-27 months of HAART was 673cells/μl and 658 cells/μlrespectively.148 of the adult patients starting HAART were current or ex-intravenous drug users(IDU)and showed global death rate and lost to follow-up rate comparable to those of non-IDU patients(Log rank test,P=0.91).Conclusions Good mid-term therapeutic outcomes with combination antiretroviral therapy have been achieved in this project.Total free of charge care and treatment and intensive patient support/counseling are crucial to program success.

Objective:To investigate the use of simple pooling and bivariate model in meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) published in Chinese journals (January to November, 2014), compare the differences of results from these two models, and explore the impact of between-study variability of sensitivity and specificity on the differences. Methods:DTA meta-analyses were searched through Chi-nese Biomedical Literature Database (January to November, 2014). Details in models and data for four-fold table were extracted. Descriptive analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the use of simple pooling method and bivariate model in the included literature. Data were re-analyzed with the two models respectively. Differences in the results were examined by Wilcoxon signed rank test. How the re-sults differences were affected by between-study variability of sensitivity and specificity, expressed by I2 , was explored. Results:The 55 systematic reviews, containing 58 DTA meta-analyses, were included and 25 DTA meta-analyses were eligible for re-analysis. Simple pooling was used in 50 (90. 9%) systematic reviews and bivariate model in 1 (1. 8%). The remaining 4 (7. 3%) articles used other models pooling sensitivity and specificity or pooled neither of them. Of the reviews simply pooling sensitivity and specificity, 41(82. 0%) were at the risk of wrongly using Meta-disc software. The differences in medians of sensitivity and specificity between two models were both 0. 011( P<0. 001, P=0. 031 respectively). Greater differences could be found as I2 of sensitivity or specificity became larger, especially when I2 >75%. Conclusion:Most DTA meta-analyses published in Chinese journals(January to November, 2014) combine the sensitivity and specificity by simple pooling. Meta-disc software can pool the sensitivity and specificity only through fixed-effect model, but a high proportion of authors think it can implement random-effect model. Simple pooling tends to underestimate the results compared with bivariate model. The greater the between-study variance is, the more likely the simple pooling has larger deviation. It is necessary to increase the knowledge level of statistical methods and software for meta-analyses of DTA data.

The family doctor service is an important measure to transform primary health care mode,makes the community health service institutions to take on the gatekeeper role of residents' health and health care costs,and promotes the achievements of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.At present,there are some difficulties in the process of family doctor service.For example,the construction of the general practitioner team is lagging behind and the residents don't understand the specific contents of the family doctor service well.Medical social workers have both the social work professional skills and medical literacy,which makes them become the effective strength of community health service.Introducing medical social workers by the purchase of the governments,volunteer training,and job settings mode can meet the needs of the development of family doctor service to some extent,and bring in new ideas to the implementation of the family doctor service.

Objective To evaluate the role of Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in detection of the fragment of GEF1α/a gene which are both located at ct and a mating type loci in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex(Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). Methods The GEF1α/a gene was selected from 20 genes which both located at α and a mating type loci for RFLP analysis, according to the requirements of sequence similarities and primer design in PCR-RFLP analysis. Primer pair was designed from the conserved regions of GEF1α/a genes of distinct genotypes and mating types of reference strains to amplify a fragment of GEF1α/a gene from Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii strains tested. Sequence alignment,restriction maps analysis, endonucleases selection and electrophoresis stimulation were conducted by using DNAMAN and Vector NTI software. EeoT14 Ⅰ and Hap Ⅱ endonucleases were selected for RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragments amplified from 125 isolates of Cryptococcns neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Results An approximate 1 300 bp fragment was amplified from total 82 Cryptococcus neoformans and 43 Cryptoceccus gattii isolates. However, negative PCR results were found in the reference strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krnsei,Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus fumigatns and Aspergillus flavus. RFLP analysis successfully identified the species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of total 125 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii tested in this study. Condusion PCR-RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragment has the potential value in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococeus neoformans species complex simultaneously and rapidly, and may be a useful tool in molecular epidemiological analysis.

Objective To compare the performance of 2 kinds of quantitative detection method the chemiluminescence immu-moassay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for detecting serum human epididymis geneproduct 4(HE4),and to explore the accuracy and practical value of the two methods.Methods In accordance to the document EP9-A2 of NCCLS,the Roche automatic electrochemical immunoassay system as the comparative method(X)and the ELISA as the testing method(Y )were per-formed according to the requirements of the detection kits.Results The serum HE4 level could be accurately reflected by the two methods.The correlation coefficient(r)in comparing these two kinds of method was ≥0.975,which showed that there was a high correlation between them.The detection results of the two methods were compared by paired sample t-test,and no statistically sig-nificant difference was found between them(P >0.05).Conclusion Because of CLIA′88 giving no specific medical decision level of HE4 and clinical acceptable level,therefore the expected bias of credibility interval can not be calculated or whether being clinically acceptable is unable to be judged.Based on the comparison of paired sample t test,these two kinds of detection methods can be used interchangeably to a certain extent.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status of concomitant or combined infection in patients presented with hepatitis B for investigation of the nosocomial infection control. METHODS We determined the serum virus marker of hepatitis A,C,D,E and G from 786 cases infected with hepatitis B virus. RESULTS Double and multiple infections accompanied by hepatitis B were found to be 16.67%(131/786) and 1.78%(14/786),respectively,especially with hepatitis C which amounted to 45.52%(66/145) of those with concomitant infections(double or multiple). CONCLUSIONS It is commonness that the patient of hepatitis B to preexist other kinds of hepatitis virus infections.We determine other hepatitis markers in patients of hepatitis B to be probative for nosocomial infection.