Objective To investigate the protective effects of Th2 cytokine (hIL-4, hIL-10, hIL-13) on the bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpher(TNF-?). Methods BAECs were activated by TNF-?(4ng/ml), and a varied dose of Th2 cytokine(2, 5, 10, 20 and 40ng/ml) was used to incubate BAECs for 2h before stimulation with TNF-?, and then co-incubate for 6h or 18h. The expression of cellular adhesive molecules on BAECs was examined by the cellular enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (Cell-ELISA), and BAECs viability was determined by MTT method. Results BAECs pre-treated with Th2 cytokine could down-regulate the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 induced by TNF-? in a dose-dependent manner(P

Objective To investigate the changes of actin (HHF35), serum albumin (A1), fibronectin (Fn) in cardiac cells and cardiac conducting sysytem (CCS) in order to probe into postmortem diagnosis of sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS). Methods Immunohistochemical detections of actin, serum albumin and fibronectin (Fn) in the cardiac cells and CCS were performed by S-P method in cases with SMDS and cases died from coronary heart disease and non-cardiovascular diseases which were used as the control. Results Of the 22 cases with SMDS, 17 were found of actin-negative staining, 18 serum albumin-positive and 15 Fn-positive staining with evident pathological lesions in CCS in 8 cases. Conclusion It is suggested that SMDS is associated with early myocardial ischemia or infarction, which results in abnormality in actin, serum albumin and fibronectin (Fn) in the cardiac cells and CCS.

By using of combined HRP retrograde tracing and immunocytoche mistry methods, the projection from the caudal part of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) to the nucleus accumbens (Acb) was examined. When HRP was injected into the ventral and medial area of the caudal part of Acb, the labeled cell bodies were mostly found in the bilateral (predominantly ipsilateral) caudal part of the VLM. When HRP technique (HRP injected into the Acb)was combined with immunocytochemical method, many HRP-TH, HRP-NT and HRP-CCK double labeled cell bodies were found in the VLM. The number of the HRP-TH double labeled cell bodies were numerous, while HRP-NT and HRP-CCK doublelabeled cells were less. HRP-TH double labeled neurons were also found in the reticular formation between the solitary tract nucleus and VLM.

The projection from the nucleus of solitary tract (Sol) to the nucleus accumbens (Acb) was examined by using HRP retrograde and anterograde tracing combined with immunocytochemical double-labeling technique. The following results were obtained: (1) when WGA-HRP was injected into the caudal part of the Sol, the labeled fibers, terminals and cell bodies were found in the ventromedial area of the caudal Acb. After injecting HRP into the ventromedial area of the caudal Acb, labeled cell bodies and terminals were found in the ipsilateral and contralateral caudal part of the Sol,mainly in the commissure nucleus and the medial subnucleus of nucleus of solitary tract. (2) After injecting HRP into the Acb and combined with immunocytochemical method, many HRP-TH, HRP-NT, and HRP-CCK double-labeled cell bodies were found in the caudal part of the Sol. The number of the HRP-TH double-labeled cell bodies was most numerous, HRP-NT cells was next and HRP-CCK cells was even less.

Objective To investigate the effects of altered deceleration capacity of heart rate (DC) and heart rate deceleration runs(DRs) on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) .Methods 115 patients confirmed with AMI within 7 days as AMI group ,50 persons without MI were selected as control group .The deceleration capacity of heart rate and heart rate deceleration runs were detected by the 24 hours Holter within 7 to 14 after onset of AMI ,all the patients were divided in-to high risk group ,medium risk group and low risk group through the Holter results .Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by echocardiography .Compare the risk of the AMI group with the control group .Meanwhile the AMI patients were fol-lowed up for mean(9 .2 ± 1 .7)months .Observe the presence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) .All AMI patients were classified into MACE and non-MACE groups according to the presence of MACE .Analysis the risk factors of MACE .Results AMI group had a significant increase risk but decrease in deceleration capacity of heart rate (P<0 .05) as compared with the control group .In MACE group ,the rate of high risk was significant increasing(P=0 .005) ,but the rate of low risk was significant decrea-sing(P=0 .039) .The Logistic regression analysis showed that LVEF ,high risk group ,age and percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention(PCI) were independent risk factors on presence of MACE .Correlation r was 0 .33 ,0 .30 ,0 .23 ,0 .18 respectively ,and odds ratio was 4 .83 ,4 .28 ,2 .22 ,1 .58 respectively ,the correlation with deceleration capacity of heart rate was a little weaker than LVEF .The coefficient of determination r2 was 0 .528 when the LVEF and ages went into regression ,whereas that was 0 .635 when the LVEF ,high risk group and age went into regression together .Conclusion Capacity of heart rate decelerate was significantly weakened in AMI patients .LVEF ,the significantly decreased deceleration capacity of heart rate ,age and PCI were independent risk factors on presence of short-term MACE in AMI patients .The prognostic value of the DC and DRs was a little weaker than the LVEF .The better predictive value was obtained if the LVEF ,the significantly decreased deceleration capacity of heart rate ,age were combined .

Objective To optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus by the use of response surface methodology.Method According to the design principle of Box-Behnken, effects of extraction temperature, extraction time , extraction times and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides were studied by response surface methodology,meanwhile regression analysis of these experimental data was used by Design-Expert 8.05b software.Results The optimum extraction conditions from Ophiopogon japonicus were concluded as follows: the extraction temperature was 93℃, extraction time was 2 h, extraction times was 3 times, and solid-liquid ratio was 1:15 g/ml.Conclusion Under these conditions, the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides is up to 5.440%, and the relative error is 7.328%.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of ephedrine combined with hydroxyethyl starch as a volume preload for preventing hypotension in caesarean section before combined spinal and epidural anesthesia.Methods 250 pregnant wemen undergoing cesarean section were randomly allocated into the control group (n =50) and the observation group(n =200)(group was divided into A,B,C,D group,each group 50 cases).Control group preloaded Lactated Ringer's solution 250ml before CSEA.A group preloaded hydroxyethyl starch combined with 5mg ephedrine; B group preloaded hydroxyethyl starch combined with 10mg ephedrine.C group preloaded hydroxyethyl starch combined with 15mg ephedrine; D group preloaded hydroxyethyl starch combined with 15mg ephedrine.The parturient SBP,HR and untoward reaction were monitored in five experimental groups.Results Compared with T0 A group parturient SBP was lower at T1,T2,T5 [(111.8 ± 17.18)mm Hg,(114.58 ± 19.80)mm Hg,(115.06 ± 10.39) mum Hg vs (120.88 ± 13.24) mm Hg,all P ＜ 0.05)].Compared with B,C,D group,statistical differences were found at T1,T4,T6[(111.8 ± 17.18)mm Hg vs (120.78 ± 14.47)mm Hg,(118.56 ± 14.25)mm Hg,(118.42 ± 18.71)mm Hg.(125.58 ± 14.45) mm Hg vs (120.02 ±21.15)mm Hg,(115.92 ± 17.56)mm Hg,(119.00 ±12.49)mm Hg.(118.08 ±9.09)mm Hg vs (121.52 ± 10.92) mm Hg,(116.04 ± 11.61)mm Hg,(124.98 ± 9.16) mm Hg,all P ＜ 0.05].Compared with T0 parturient HR was undulation at T1,T5 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with C,D group,statistical differences were found at T1,T3,T4,T6 [(82.92 ± 19.55) times/min vs (98.86 ±17.82)times/min,(96.72 ± 17.91) times/min.(89.04 ± 16.68) times/min vs (92.10 ± 16.55) times/min,(98.46 ± 19.49) times/min.(87.56 ± 17.13) times/min vs (98.86 ± 16.76) times/min,(88.58 ± 19.22) times/min.(93.20 ± 14.07) times/min vs (98.80 ± 11.69) times/min,(90.98 ± 10.93) times/min.all P ＜ 0.05].In B and C group,parturient SBP and HR were steady and the untoward reaction was very few.Although parturient SBP of D group was steady,but HR obviously fast during operation (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with B,C group,statistical differences were found at T4,T6 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The optimum dose is 10 ～ 15 mg of ephedrine.It combined with hydroxyethyl starch as a volume preload can keep the stable of blood circulation.

In the present study ~3H-Leucine or WGA-HRP was injected into the superior colliculus of one side in the rat.The terminal areas of the efferent projection fibers from the superior colliculus were examined. The efferent fibers of the superfical layer of the superior colliculus descended ipsilaterally to terminate in the parabigeminal nucleus(predominantly the dorsal and ventral part of the same side)and dorso-lateral part of the ipsilateral pontine nucleus.Ascending projections terminated to the medial geniculate nucleus,the posterior pretectal nucleus and latero-posterior nucleus of the thalamus(all bila- terally,but with ipsilateral predominance),the ipsilateral medial and lateral optic nuclei,and the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus.In addition,labeled granules were also found in bilateral optic tracts and the optic chiasma. The efferent fibers of the middle and deep layers terminated to the ipsilateral central gray,the nucleus of Darkschewitsch,the interstitial nucleus of Cajal,the cuneiform nucleus and the contralateral superior colliculus.Ascending fibers ter- minated to the medial geniculate nucleus,the suprageniculate nucleus,the anterior- pretectal nucleus,the postero-lateral nucleus of the thalamus(all bilaterally,but more on the ipsilateral side),the parafascicular nucleus,the zona incerta,the ventral nucleus of the thalamus(all ipsilaterally).Descending fibers terminated to ipsilateral parabigeminal area and the parabigeminal nucleus,the dorso-lateral part of the pontine nucleus,the lateral part of the inferior colliculus,the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and pons,and the lateral part of the inferior olive.The fibers terminated also to contralateral nuclei such as the parabigeminal nucleus,the medial part of the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and ports,the medial accessory nucleus of the inferior olive,the anterior horn of the cervical spinal cord.

Objective To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture on gastric emptying and Fos expression in the neuron of vagal-solitary complex (VSC) of rat bulbus after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control group, LPS i.p. group, LPS i.p. plus electro-acupuncture at Tsusanli point group and LPS i.p. plus electro-acupuncture at non-meridian-non-acupoint group, 10 rats for each group. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the Fos expression in VSC. The animal's gastric emptying was measured by phenol red method. Results The rats with gastric emptying decreased greatly to (20.7±4.5)% 2.5 hours after LPS injection, and Fos-positive neurons were significantly found in VSC (83.2±6.6) compared with control group. However, in the group of LPS i.p. plus electro-acupuncture at Tsusanli point, the gastric emptying was up-regulated to (44.1±6.2)%, and the expression of Fos -positive neurons were down-regulated to (37.9±3.8) compared with LPS i.p. group. No significant difference was found between the group of LPS i.p. plus electro-acupuncture at non-meridian-non-acupoint and the group of LPS i.p. Conclusion LPS i.p. can retard the gastric motility in rats, electro-acupuncture at Tsusanli point may well regulate the function in LPS model rats. This function may be connected with its protective effects on Fos immunoreactive neurons activity in VSC of rat bulbus.

Objective: To investigate the relation between ser um hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration and cryopreservation-reperfusion injury. Methods: The animals were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (1 ) group A: the control; (2) group B: liver allografts were stored in lactated R inger's solution (0℃) for 2 h before implantation; (3) group C:liver allografts were stored in lactated Ringer's solution (0℃) for 4 h before implantation. Th e serum sample and liver specimen were taken up at 2 h and 4 h after transplanta tion to detect the concentration of HA, AST and LDH, and to get pathologic obser vation. Results: Serum HA increased earlier and decreased more s hortly than AST and LDH after transplantation in group A. Serum HA increased sig nificantly in group B and C, much higher than that in group A(P<0.01). The i njury of vascular endothelium and the disorder of hepatic sinuses and hepatic lo b ules were observed in group B and C. In the specimen of 4 h in group C, evident infiltration of inflammatory cell was present. Conclusion: Cryopreservation leads to injury of endothelial cell and reperfusion aggravat es this injury. The serum HA concentration indicates the degree of cold ischemia -reperfusion injury.