BACKGROUND:Genetic factors, environment, chronic infection, and autoimmune disorders are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ethnic and regional diversity of differentialy expressed genes has become research hotspot because of family aggregation and ethnic diversity of ankylosing spondylitis.
OBJECTIVE:To screen differentialy expressed genes in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis by microarray screening and compare differences in gene expressions.
METHODS: Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis in department of rheumatology of our hospital were randomly colected with five patients for each. In addition, three healthy volunteers were selected as controls. RNA from peripheral blood was extracted and used for microarray hybridization after probe preparation to screen differentialy expressed genes in ankylosing spondylitis samples and the microarray results were verified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty differentialy expressed miRNAs were screened in Uygur and Han patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05). From relationship analysis of target genes and miRNAs, 15 target genes corresponding to the 79 miRNAs involved in human leucocyte antigens and interleukins which linked to human immunity system were found. These findings suggest that differentialy expressed genes can be screened from Uygur and Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Objeetive To analyze traffic accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand injury characteristics of the pedestrians. MethodsThe data of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in three districts including one district in downtown,one in suburb and one in county of Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were collected from road traffic crash and road traffic injury database to analyze severity of crashes,casualties,action and location of pedestrians in crashes. Results The road crashes led to 7 934 pedestrian injuries (24.74％) and 867 pedestrian deaths (49.46％).Intensity of the pedestrian road crashes in rural areas was higher than that in downtowns and suburbs.Of all pedestrian casualties,57.91％ were due to illegally crossing the driveway,and 15.43％ of the casualties were on the crosswalk.Most of the casualties occurred on the main roads,the third class highways and second main roads in Chongqing.But serious crashes occurred on the first and second class highways and substandard highways,which led to average 3.17,4.13 and 5.42 deaths,respectively.Pedestrians accounting for 52.46％ of the total severe injuries were more than the proportion among the minor to moderate injuries.Head injuries were the most common for the pedestrians and chest injuries were also usual among the severe injuries. Conclusions The intensity of pedestrian road crashes is higher than that of other crashes,especially in rural areas.It should be noticed that the main injuries of the pedestrians are head injuries,which is mainly resulted from illegally crossing driveway.It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pedestrians are impaired on the crosswalks,indicating that we should pay more attention to protect right of the pedestrians on the crosswalks during transportation law enforcement and safety education in the future.

Objective To establish a road traffic crash (RTC) & traffic injury (RTI) database database with scientific and reasonable structure. Methods ( 1 ) A set of scientific and standard RTC&RTI survey form was made and a software for collection of data on RTC&RTI developed. (2) The general data on RTI&RTI of China was obtained from traffic management departments of China and the data of some districts in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 were obtained. All the data were input into the database for analysis. Results A TRC&RTI database software V1. 0 was developed based on the survey form. The input items included data about the areas where the accidents occurred, the general situation of the specific accident, the road conditions, the accident causes and responsibilities, the vehicle and the injury to persons. We obtained the RTC and RTI data of China during past 13 years and collected data on 33 987 cases of RTC and 52369 RTI of four districts in Chongqing. The RTC&RTI database was established. Conclusions The database has involved detailed data of general road crashes and injury as well as individual crash, which provides a good support for further study of RTC and RTI.

A total of 33 patients with isolated lilac artery aneurysms, 19 males and 14 females, who received treatment between January 1997 and June 2007, were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 29 suffered from unilateral iliac artery aneurysm and 4 from bilateral iliac artery aneurysm. Under general anesthesia, all patients were subjected to aneurysmectomy, followed by vascular prosthesis implantation for vascular reconstruction. Results revealed that among 4 cases of bilateral iliac artery aneurysm, there was 1 case who was subjected to aorta-bilateral femoral artery vascular prosthesis implantation, and there were 3 cases who underwent aorta-bilateral lilac artery vascular prosthesis implantation; among 29 cases of unilateral lilac artery aneurysm, there was 1 case receiving aorta-common lilac artery vascular prosthesis implantation, 3 cases undergoing iliac-femoral artery vascular prosthesis implantation, 21 cases subjected to common-external iliac artery vascular prosthesis implantation, and 4 cases undertaking common -common lilac artery bypass. Color Doppler ultrasonic examination, spiral CT angiography, or digital subtraction arteriography was performed 3, 6 months, 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years after surgery. The mean follow-up time was 5 years. Three cases died of acute cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, and traffic accident 3, 6, and 2 years after surgery, respectively. The remaining cases well survived as determined by no recurred Uiac artery aneurysm, anastomotic stoma stenosis or lower limb ischemia found. These results indicated that aneurysmectomy and subsequent vascular prosthesis implantation remained a good and primary means for treatment of isolated iliac artery aneurysm under the present medical condition.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) against oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five groups: normal control, model control (OGD group) and drug(25 mg · L- 1) administration groups including DGMI group, extract of ginkgo biloba leaves injection group (EGBLI) and lactones ginkgo biloba injection group (LGBI). The cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h, followed by reoxygenation with drugs for 6 h. Then, cell viabilities were detect using CCK-8 assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using fluorescence probe DCFH-DA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities using WST-1 test. Western blotting was used to detected protein levels of hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H, quinone oxidore?ductase l (Nqo1), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) and phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2). The cells were induced by OGD for 4 h, followed by reoxygen?ation and DGMI for 1 h, combined with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) (at the final concentration of 12.5, 25 and 50 μmol · L-1) before the protein levels of AKT, p-AKT, Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS SH-SY5Y cells induced by OGD for 4 h resulted in an increase in ROS(P<0.01), but a decrease in cell viabilities(P<0.01), SOD activities(P<0.01), and antioxidant protein levels ( Akt, p-Akt, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, HO-1 and Nqo1) (P<0.01). Compared with OGD group, treatment with reoxygenation and drugs (DGMI,EGBLI and LGBI respectively) for 6 h resulted in a decrease in ROS (P<0.01), but an increase in cell viabilities, SOD activities and antioxidant protein levels of p-Nrf2, HO-1, Nqo1 and p-Akt(P<0.05,P<0.01). DGMI group showed the best efficiently. Moreover, after OGD for 4 h, compared with DGMI group, combining reoxygenation and DGMI with LY294002 for 1 h resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the protein levels of p-AKT and p-Nrf2(P<0.01). CONCLUSION DGMI 25 mg · L-1 can inhibit oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells induced by OGD by increasing the activity and expression of Nrf2 through PI3K/Akt pathway, which may be one of the mechanisms by which DGMI protects neurons from stroke.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcined bovine bone(CBB)in the repair of animal bone defects.Methods:Ca-nine alveolar bone defect model,rat and rabbit calvarial critical size defect models were established respectively.All animals were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=6).The defects in the experimental group were repaire with CBB,those in the control group were not treated.The effects were observed by HE staining,Micro CT and Masson trichrome staining.Results:Canin alveolar bone de-fects were well repaired 8 week after operation.The skull defects in rabbits and SD rats were replaced by new bone 1 2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.In all the control groups bone defects were not healed or not completely repaired.Conclusion:CBB is ef-fective in the repair of bone defects.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries among the adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing and discuss the preventive strategy. MethodsData of road traffic crashes and injuries involving 0-19 years old adolescents over a seven-year period (2000-2006) in three districts of Chongqing was picked up from Road _Traffic Crashes and Injuries Database. Epidemiological characteristics of the traffic crashes and injuries among 0-19 years old adolescents were analyzed and differences between rural and urban areas were studied. ResultsFrom 2000 to 2006, both incidence rate and mortality rate peaked in the urban fringe area were 95.43/100 000 and 3.44/100 000 respectively. Traffic accidents in the suburbs and counties had the highest injury extent, with mortality rate of 9.06％ and severe injury rate of 17.33％. Brain injuries were the primary cause of death. Among the victims, 62.7％ were the pedestrians, of which 20.72％ bore equal responsibility because of disobeying traffic signals, suddenly walking across roads and not walking along the sidewalk. Ninety percentage of the traffic accidents occurred in the sections with no traffic signals or traffic control system. ConclusionIt is important to enhance the traffic safety consciousness of teenagers and children, strengthen preventive measures in fringe areas and rural areas and improve the emergency medical system in rural areas to provide the teenagers and children with a safety traffic environment.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of metformin on malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer BxPC- 3 cells. METHODS：Using human pancreatic cancer BxPC- 3 cells with natural deletion of Smad4 gene as reaserch objects ，CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of BxPC- 3 cells after treated with different doses of metformin（5，10，20 mmol/L）for 24 h. The cell survival rate and apoptosis rate were calculated. Transwell assay was used to test the migration of cells after treated with different doses of metformin （10，20 mmol/L）for 24 h. The number of migrating cells was recorded. qRT-PCR and Western blotting assay were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin ，Vimentin and RGC- 32 in cells. RESULTS ：Compared with control group and 5 mmol/L metformin group ，survival rate of cells were decreased significantly in 10，20 mmol/L metformin groups ，while apoptosis rate was increased significantly ；the apoptosis rate in 20 mmol/L metformin group was significantly higher than 10 mmol/L metformin group （P＜0.05）. Compared with control group ， the number of migrating cells was decreased significantly in 10，20 mmol/L metformin groups ，and the 20 mmol/L metformin group was significantly lower than 10 mmol/L metformin group （P＜0.05）. Relative mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin were increased significantly in 10，20 mmol/L metformin groups ，and relative mRNA expression of E-cadherin in 20 mmol/L metformin group was significantly higher than 10 mmol/L metformin group. Relative mRNA expression of Vimentin in 10 mmol/L metformin group ，relative mRNA and protein expression of Vimentin in 20 mmol/L metformin group ，relative mRNA and protein expression of RGC- 32 in 10，20 mmol/L metformin groups were decreased significantly ；relative mRNA and protein expression of Vimentin as well as mRNA expression of RGC- 32 in 20 mmol/L metformin group were significantly lower than 10 mmol/L metformin group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Metformin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells through smael-independent pathways in a dose- dependent manner ，and promote their apoptosis ，which is associated with the inhibition epithelial- mesenchymal transition and the expression of RGC- 32 of pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of capsaicin in regulating permeation of P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of rats.

METHODSThe permeability of R123 or fluorescein sodium (CF) across the jejunum, ileum and colon membranes of male SD rats was evaluated using a Ussing chamber. The concentration of R123 or CF in the receptor was determined using fluorospectrophotometry to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp).

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, capsaicin increased the permeability of R123 across jejunal membranes in the mucosal-to-serosal (M-S) direction and decreased its permeability in the serosal-to-mucosal (S-M) direction, but produced no obvious effect on R123 transport across the ileum or colon membranes. Capsaicin caused a regional increase in the permeability of CF across the jejunal membranes compared with the control group, but CF transport across the ileum and colon membranes was not affected.

CONCLUSIONCapsaicin can affect the transport of R123 and CF across rat jejunal membranes, and this effect is shows an obvious intestine segment-related difference probably because of the different distribution of P-gp or tight junction in the intestines. This finding suggests that capsaicin is a weak P-gp inhibitor and an improver of mucous membrane channels.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Colon ; metabolism ; Fluorescein ; pharmacokinetics ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodamine 123 ; pharmacokinetics

【Objective】 To achieve supervision and management of the whole business process of blood center, raise productivity and ensure blood quality by enabling blood center managers comprehensively grasp the key business operation situation of the whole process at anytime and anywhere. 【Methods】 A whole business process supervision and management system was established covering background of preparation, business scope, content of position supervision and management, overall framework design, interface design of management and supervision management, physical database design, program development and online debugging, and was integrated with the blood bank management information system. The display and management were through a mobile APP to record key indicators of business process from blood collection to blood supply timely and comprehensively. Statistical analysis was conducted on total collection volume, total preparation volume and total supply volume, as well as discarding rate of test unqualified and of non-test unqualified (lipemic blood excluded) in 2023 and 2022. 【Results】 We established a mobile APP based on a blood bank management information system for business supervision and management of whole process, and achieved management by phones. After its implementation in 2023, the total collection volume, total preparation volume and total supply volume in 2023 were all higher than those in 2022, with growth rates of 5.88% (13 247/225 454 U), 4.73% (24 156/510 698 U), and 6.70% (34 814/519 914 U), respectively. The discarding rate in 2023 was lower than that in 2022 (0.54%, 2 868/534 854 U) vs (0.60%, 3 047/510 698 U) (P<0.01), and the non-test unqualified discarding rate (lipemic blood excluded) in 2023 was significantly lower than that in 2022(0.12%, 649/534 854 U) vs (0.19%, 991/510 698 U)(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The construction of supervision and management system of a whole business process based on blood bank management information system can meet the standardized service needs of managers at anytime and anywhere, continuously raise productivity and the standardization and scientific level of blood bank management, thus ensuring blood supply.