AIM　To study the efffects and mechanisms of hetrazane（diethylcarbmazine citrate，DEC）on contraction of isolated tracheal strips of guinea pigs. METHODS　Using isolated tracheal strips technique. Each tracheal strip was placed in an organ bath filled with a Krebs solution of 37℃ and various drugs was added respectively. It was determined that KCl or 5-HT induced the contractile effects and its dose-response curve on tracheal strips and DEC or verapamil changed the effects of KCl or 5-HT. RESULTS　The contractions induced by KCl or 5-HT in isolated tracheal strips of guinea pig were markedly inhibited by DEC, the IC50 value of DEC for contraction induced by KCl and 5-HT was 5.03 mmol*L-1 and 9.54 mmol*L-1 respectively. DEC caused rightward displacement of the dose-response curse for KCl and 5-HT, and significantly depressed the maxmal response, showing anon-competitive antigonism, the pD′2 values were 1.554 and 1.851 respectively, and DEC markedly inhibited the contractions induced by Ca2+ released from an intracellular store and extracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION　DEC can significantly inhibit contraction of tracheal strips induced by KCl and 5-HT, and its mechanism is responsible calcium-antagonistic effect of DEC.

Objective To investigate the continuous suture through the lower edge of the tarsal joint fixation orbital reconstructive eyelid superfluous skin treatment efficacy.Methods 50 cases of abject epicanthus clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from June 2009 to June 2013 in our hospital by the hospital ethics committee approved,which had a total of 100 eyes.According to the numbering method,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,each 50 cases.Control group was given through the lower edge of the tarsal continuous suture fixation,while the observation group was treated on the basis of control group combined with joint orbital entire complex treatment.Therapeutic effects were compared,pain,treatment before and after each measurement indicators and lower eyelid skin complications and so on.Results After treatment,the control group redundant lower eyelid skin correction,eyelash contact with the cornea and corneal epithelial healing of eye damage were respectively 39 (78.00％),10 (20.00％) and 43 (86.00％),while the observation group were 49 (98.00％),1 (2.00％) and 50 (100.00％),the above parameters were statistically significant differences (x2 =5.559,16.839,3.840,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01) ; According to VAS pain score,VAS scores before and after treatment were statistically significant (t =5.271,12.593,P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01),and the observation group after treatment VAS scores after treatment compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t =4.399,P ＜ 0.05) ; Before and after treatment from the eyelid folds distance,flat as the lower eyelid away from the eye position,head lower eyelid skin flap in eyelid,head tilt eyelashes,inner canthal angle,outer canthal angle,inner canthal folds,palpebral fissure height,head of small tears on the pitch,orbicularis muscle eyelid width,eyelid orbicularis muscle thickness and orbital orbicularis muscle thickness differences were statistically significant,and the observation group after treatment with these indicators compared to the control group after treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =4.292,5.828,4.135,5.099,4.723,5.002,6.717,8.092,7.038,8.056,3.129,7.043,P ＜ 0.05) ; the course of treatment in both groups would be lower eyelid retraction,ectropion and eyelid scar concurrent disease control group complication rate was 20.00％,which was significantly higher than that of the observation group(6.00％),the difference was significant statistical significance(x2 =13.283,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Over the lower edge of the tarsal joint continuous suture fixation treatment of orbital reconstructive eyelid superfluous skin effect is significant,with low complication rate,which is worth to be promoted in clinical and applied.

Objective To estimate the effect of Yiqi-Wenyang-Gujing decoction combined with the conventional western therapy on the elderly with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods The 65 patients who conforming to the diagnostic criteria were randomly divided into the treatment group (33 patients) and control group (32 patients) according to the random number table. The control group was treated with the conventional western therapy, and the treatment group was treated with Yiqi-Wenyang-Gujing decoction based on the former treatment. After the treatment of 8 weeks, the curative effect of edema and the 24 hours urine protein and the changes of renal function were observed. Results Compare with the control group, the 24 hours urinary protein (0.8 ± 0.1 g vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 g, t=4.625), the SCr (132.0 ± 8.5μmol/L vs. 163.9 ± 6.2μmol/L, t=17.242) and the BUN (7.1 ± 2.2 mg/L vs. 9.2 ± 2.5 mg/L, t=3.598) of treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.01);The glomerular filtration rate of treatment group [(73.9 ± 4.2 ml/(min·1.73 m2) vs. 65.4 ± 2.4 ml/(min·1.73 m2), t=9.976] significantly increased (P<0.01). And the degree of edema was relieved more in the treatment group than that of the control group (P=0.049). The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly better than that (78.8% vs. 46.9%, P=0.016) of the control group. Conclusion The combined Yiqi-Wenyang-Gujing decoction and western medicine treatment on the elderly with chronic glomerulonephritis could improve the kidney function and relieve edema.

Forty—five patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 52 normal controls were assessed with theCoping Style Questionnaire.Compared with controls,male patients scored lower in three subscales of Asscrtion,RationalProcessing,and Control,but higher in the the subscales of Support Orientation,Emotional Processing,and Resignation.The score of Emotional Processing in female patients was significantly higher than that im female controis.The data sug- gested that there was difference in coping between IBS patients and normal controls,and between the male and female pa-tients.

With the thorough research on cognitive impairment in old age,vascular cognitive inpairment (VCI) has become a hot research field of neuroscience in recent years.Yet,the VCI-related pathogenic mechanism currently remains unknown.Therefore,the reliable and stable animal models are needed to reveal the pathogenesis and pathophysiologic changes of VCI in order to provide a theoretical basis for early warning,diagnosis and treatment of VCI.The commonly used animal models now have their own advantages and disadvantages,the results have greater differences.This article reviews the commonly used VCI animal models,related cognitive behavior changes,and change characteristics of histopathology in recent years,and the reasonable animal models of VCI according to different research objectives are investigated preliminarily.

Objective To explore the clinical value of CT in diagnosis of pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis.Methods The clinical data of 11 cases with Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs were selected.All patients underwent CT scan or enhanced MRI scans and misdiagnosis of CT images were analyzed.Results This group of patients with bilateral lung injury in 9 cases,unilateral lung injury in 2 cases.Main imaging features include:multiple nodules in 8 cases,irregular flakes consolidation shadow in 4 cases,wedge-shaped lesion in 3 cases,empty in 6 cases.Among 11 patients,8 patients were misdiagnosed,misdiagnosis rate was 72.72％ (8/11),of which 2 cases were misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer,3 cases were misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer,3 cases were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis.Conclusion The CT manifestations had a very important role in guiding the diagnosis of pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis.

Teaching and Research Section of Pathophysiology of Medical School of Three Gorges University explored the methods to cultivate innovative thinking of university student. These methods included inspiring potential of innovative thinking by pathophysiology development rule , get-ting rid of regular psychological tendency by clinical case and introducing innovative thinking training method by medical innovation case. These experiences may provide references for innovative education.

Psychological problems interrupt the study and life of overseas students, and even lead to a crisis. Based on a study on the results of questionnaires for undergraduate overseas students' on-campus lives in Chongqing Medical Universities,solitude,frustration and depression,the three most popular psychological problems of overseas students in medical universities are analyzed and countermeasures are put forward.

In recent year, one of the hot topics in esophageal carcinoma research is the impaired gene expression resulted from hypermethylation within the promoter regions of rumor suppressor genes. Many studies suggested that DNA methylation plays an important role in the initiation, invasion, and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. DNA methylation spectrum in peripheral blood may be used as markers for early diagnose, prognosis prediction and follow up in esophageal cancer patients. De-methylation of tumor suppressor genes may become a target of esophageal carcinoma therapy.

Objective To explore experiences of complications in removal of patients with large and giant pi-tuitary adenonms by transsphenoidal approach and to improve the clinical treatment effectiveness.Method Nasal vestibule small column was cut to increase inclinometer incision,then the bottom of sellar was broken via the nasal septum-the midline of sellar sphenoid sinus and intrasellar tumor was removed.Results The tumor was totally re-moved on 48 patients(31%)and sub-totally or partly removed on other patients.The 122(90%) patients'symptoms or signs were greatly improved in following days.There wore cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea(thirteen cases),nasal bleed-ing,diabetes incipidus which lasted for one week or more and were cured by treatment with drugs.Conclusion As to complications in removal of patients with large and giant pituitary adenomas by transsphenoidal approach,many poly-nucleations in fluenced the effect and should be reconstructed.