Nontraumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare type of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Its etiologies and clinical manifestations are diverse.This article reviews nontraumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage from the aspects of etiology, clinical manifestation, imaging, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

A case of a fibrous histiocytoma (FH) of the larynx in a 54-year-old male is reported. Laryngeal fibrous histiocytoma is uncommon. The case recurred several times over 4-year period. Its pathology is described including arguments on potential malignancy and the way of management.

Purpose: To describe the clinical manifestations of hepatic myelopathy (HM) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts (TIPSS)in five patients. Materials and Methods: Four men and one woman, age ranging from 41 to 54 years, had history of hepatitis B and recurrent bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. Obvious liver atrophy was found in the five patients before TIPSS procedure and shunt patency was by color Doppler US after TIPSS. Spinal cord MRI was performed in 4, CT and myelography were performed in lcase. Lumbar puncture was done in 5 patients. Results: Spastic paralysis in the lower extremities occurred progressively during 4 weeks to 4 months after TIPSS in the five patients. Weakness of the upper extremities presented in one patient, and urinary incontinence was in another one. HE following TIPSS occurred more than once (1~6 times) in these patients. Physical ex- amination revealed that hyperreflexia of tendons and positive reaction of ankle clonus were seen in all patients. Superficial sensation was normal in 5, decreasing in deep sesation in 1. Muscular atrophy in the paralytic lower extremities was not obvious in all but one patient. No mass effect or other abnormalities were found in the suspected spinal cords on the imaging studies. Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. The abnormalities of laboratory tests included hyperammonemia and hypoal- buminemia. Conclusion: Spastic paralysis with intact of superficial sensation in the lower extremity fol- lowing TIPSS should be considered as HM. The potential risk factors of TIPSS related HM were obvious liver atrophy, refractory hyperammonemia and HE follwing TIPSS.

Objective To study the protein components of the secretion of the proximal trunk of transected peripheral nerve and the effect of the secretion on the growth of motor neuron.Methods After the sciatic nerves of rats were transected, the proximal trunk secretion collecting compartment (P-SCC), distal trunk SCC (D-SCC) and (proximal) plus distal trunk SCC (PD-SCC) were set up. The protein components of the solution in the 3 types SCC were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrum. And the effect of 3 kinds solution on the growth of motor neuron was tested by the motor neuron culture respectively. (Results) All the P-SCC, D-SCC and PD-SCC were filled with light yellow, clear fluids. The protein (concentration) was (5.45?1.2)mg/ml,(3.87?0.7)mg/ml and (5.68?1.5)mg/ml in the solution of PD-SCC, P-SCC and D-SCC (respectively). The protein patterns of the 3 solution were similar, and the detected (protein) spots were 1098?34,985?47 and 1021?36 spots in the solution of P+D-SCC, P-SCC and D-SCC (respectively). Most of the protein spots (distributed) in the rangs of MV 25-90KD and PH 4-8. The results of motor neuron culture demonstrate that the number of survival cells, cell area, neurite length and OD value of experimental groups(including mix group, (proximal) group and distal group) are generally higher than control group. But there is no obvious difference between the three experimental groups. Conclusions (1)The proximal trunk of transected sciatic nerve had the similar secretive ability as the distal nerve trunk.(2)(Protein) image of the 3 kinds of SCC solution showed that proteins from the three SCC solution were homologous. (3)All the 3 kinds of SCC solution could promote the growth and activity of motor neuron, and there was no difference in function between P-SCC and D-SCC solution.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on cardiovascular response of middle aged and elderly patients during tracheal extubation period. METHODS:110 general anesthesia patients with colorectal cancer were collected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 55 cases in each group. All patients received general anesthe-sia with same dose. Observation group was given intravenous pump of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 0.5 μg/kg after surgery,and control group was given intravenous pump of propofol 0.5 μg/kg. HR and MAP of 2 groups were compared 10 min before tracheal extubation,at the moment of tracheal extubation,5 and 10 min after tracheal extubation. The oxygen saturation of blood,the time of respiration recovery,opening eyes and extubation were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in HR and MAP between 2 groups 10 min before extubation and 10 min after extubation (P>0.05). HR and MAP of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group at the moment of extubation and 5 min after extubation,the levels of HR and MAP were significantly increased in the 2 groups with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical signifi-cance in oxygen saturation of blood,the time of respiration recovery and extubation between 2 groups(P>0.05). The time of open-ing eyes in observation group was significantly shorter than in control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride could significantly decrease cardiovascular stress response and shorten recovery time of middle age and elderly patients with colorectal cancer during tracheal extubation period.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the cardiac-protective effects and safety of dexmedetomidine on cardiac muscle of elder-ly patients with non-coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). METHODS:50 elderly patients underwent OPCABG were se-lected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 25 cases in each group. Both groups received mor-phine 0.2 mg/kg+scopolamine 0.3 mg/kg intramuscularly 30 min before operation,and were given sulfentanyl 1 μg/kg+etomidate 0.1-0.2 mg/kg+pipecurium bromide 0.1 mg/kg for anesthesia induction. Observation group was given Dexmedetomine hydrochloride injection 1 μg/kg,ivgtt,within 15 min,and then by pump injection at 0.5 μg/(kg·h) till the end of operation;control group was given constant volume of 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,ivgtt. cTnⅠ,IMA,SOD and MDA levels and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups after entering the operation room(T1),at the end of vascular anastomosis(T2),6(T3),12(T4),24 h (T5) after operation. RESULTS:IMA of observation group at T2,T3 and T4 were significantly lower than those of control group, and cTnI at T2,T3,T4 and T5 were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in SOD level at T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 between 2 groups(P>0.05). Serum level of MDA in 2 groups at T4 and T5 were decreased significantly,and the observation group was lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine can protect cardiac muscle of elderly pa-tients with OPCABG to certain extent,and relieve myocardial injury with good safety.

Objective To evaluate the radiological signs of synovial chondromatosis and the diagnostic value of radiology.Methods 36 cases with synovial chondromatosis confirmed by histology were retrospectively analyzed.All 36 cases underwent radiography and 13 of them underwent CT examinations,10 of them underwent MRI.Results The knee in 22 cases,hip in 5 cases,ankle in 3 cases,shoulder in 2 cases,elbow in 2 cases,carpal joint in one case and temporomandibular joint in one case were involved in 36 cases.Of them,one joint involved in 31 cases and bilateral knee joints involved in 5 cases.Multiple calcareous loose bodies with different sized(from several diameter to 2.7 cm)were seen inside or surrounding the joints on X-ray and CT images.In 10 cases with MR examination,the calcareous nodules were low signal intensity on both T_1WI and T_2WI in 8 cases.In other 2 cases,the center of calcareous nodules showed as high signal intensity while the rim showed as low signal intensity.Conclusion X-ray,CT and MRI are of significant value in diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis.

The molecular techniques were used to analyse tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in leptin receptor overpression cell lines and SH2-Bβ knockout (SH2-Bβ-/-) mice. The serum level of leptin in SH2-Bβ mice was measured by ELISA. The results showed that SH2-Bβ dramatically enhanced the leptin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in vitro. Leptin-stimulated activation of JAK2 and phosphorylation of STAT3 were significantly impaired in hypothalamus of SH2-Bβ-/- mice. The fasting and postprandial serum levels of leptin and body weight were markedly increased in SH2-Bβ-/- mice. Therefore, SH2-Bβ is an endogenous enhancer of leptin sensitivity and regulates body weight via leptin/ JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To establish high resolution, reproducible 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles of invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissues and to identify differentially ex-pressed proteins between the invasive and non-invasive tissues. Methods The proteome from invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenomas tissues was dissected and analyzed by: (1) immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, (2) silver staining, (3) imageMaster 2-D software analysis, (4) peptide mass fingerprint based (PMS) on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and (5) database comparison. Results High-resolution 2-D patterns of invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissues were successfully produced and re-peated 3 times for each sample. An average of 1080±24 and 1035±28 spots were detected for invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissues, respectively. Additionally, 975±45 and 918±56 spots were found to have an average matching rate of 90.3% and 88.7% for invasive and non-invasive tissues, re-spectively. The spot positional deviation was (1.563±0.259) mm for IEF and (1.088±0.206) mm for SDS-PAGE. A total of 99 spots of differential expression were matched between the invasive and non-in-vasive pituitary adenoma tissues. Thirty differential proteins, some of which were involved in the regula-tion of cells cycle and signal transduction, were initially characterized by PMS. Conclusion The acquisi-tion of well-resolved and reproducible 2-D patterns of invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissues and the identification of differentially expressed proteins provides a proteome database for invasive pituita-ry adenomas.

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD133+ cells are a minority population of primitive cells with extensive proliferation and differentiation potentials,which are considered to have ability of neural differentiation.OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized a possible application of CB CD133+ cells in the cognitive and survival function of mice with dementia,the present study observed the changes of the cognitive function and survival of amyloid precursor protein(APP)transgenic mice after CB CD 133+ cells transplantation to verify the above assumption.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A completely randomized block design of animal experiments was performed in the Hematology Institute of Tianjin Hematology Hospital from September 2005 to December 2007.MATERIALS:Forty-eight eight-month-old male APP 695 transgenic C57BL/6 (BDF1/KM) mice were selected in this experiments All mice were divided randomly into three groups:control group (n=8),CD133+ transplantation group (n=20) and CD133 transplantation group (n=20).METHODS:Mice in control groups received an intraventricular injection of 10 μL phosphate buffered saline (PBS).The transgenic mice that received an intraventricular injection of 10 μL CD133+ (5×104/μL) and CD133 CB cells (5×104/μL) respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Radial ann water maze (RAWM) was used to evaluate cognitive function of the mice and the survival days of mice in different groups were recorded,lmmunohistochemical assessments and Dil Fluorescence labeled way was used to detect the differentiation phenotype of transplanted cells.RESULTS:The cognitive function of the mice in CD133+ transplantation group was significantly improved compared with the mice in CD 133- transplantation and control groups both 30 and 180 days after transplantation (P＜0.05).The mean survival time of the mice in CD133+ transplantation group was significantly increased compared with CD133 transplantin group and control group (P＜0.05).It was observed that the transplantation CB CD133+ cells labeled with Dil migrated into several brain regions at day 30 post-transplantation.These cells were stained for human βⅢ-tubulin,neuralfilement(NF),neuron specific enolase (NSE),and glial fibriliary acidic protein(GFAP).However,in the brain of mice that received CD133 cells transplantation,CB cells were distributed mainly in and around the lateral ventricle at day 30 and 180 post-transplantation and GFAP-,βⅢ-tubulin- and NSE-positive cells were rarely detected.After intraventricular transplantation of CB CD133+ cells,the percentage of transplanted Dil-labeled CB cells expressing βⅢ-tubulin was significant higher at day 30 than at day 180,and the percentage of CB cells expressing NSE was significant lower at day 30 than that at day 180 (both P＜0.01).The percentage of CB cells expressing GFAP was relatively constant between the days 30 and 180 after transplantation (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The result of this experiment suggested that the cognitive and survival function improvement achieved by transplantation of CB CD133+ cells is mainly due to a replacement of dysfunctional cells or augmentation of neural circuit by CB CD133+ cells transplantation.