Breast milks of 42 mothers who are nursing their babies two to three m-onths old, including 30 subjects living in Guangzhou city and 12 subjects living in the township in rural are analysed. All of the nursing mothers are healthy with an economic situation of fair or well class, their dietary nutrient intakes basically near to the level of RDA which was set by the Chinese Society of Nutrition. The amino acids content of their milk is very near to the comprehensive figures from Hambreaus. The amino acid content for colostrum of the same mother is about 1.9 times against the mature milk analysed. The results are disscussed.

This study was based on the results of the writer's previous investigations on the energy requirement of 5 years old preschoolers, including the measurement of body surface, the basal metabolism and the expenditure of variety of daily activities in kindergarten. For verification of the energy needs of this age, a futher study on 9 groups of children aged 5 in South China was conducted. The general living patterns of children under subtropic were about 12 hours for sleep and lying in bed, 8 hours for daytime activities and 4 hours for meal, personal hygiene and other activities. In the above situation, 1500 kcal is needed.

Iron deficiency anemia is a world wide concerned problem especially for the populations of children and pregnant women. Using table salt as a vehiclefor iron fortification is one way of preventive measures. This observation was using iron fortified salt with the level which provided an additive 5 to 10 mg of iron supplement for preschool children daily. Basically two groups of children living in different kindergartens, one had been given the fortified salt and the other served as control for one year. The initial hemoglobin levels of both group was the same, but one year later the hemoglobin level of the experimental group had changed from 11.78 ?0.57 up to 12.72? 0.70 and was different significantly from the control (p

Objective: For cultivation of reasonable nutrition and eating habits in the new generation of singleton children in China, this nutrition intervention study was taken in a boarding primary school for 10 years to observe the outcome of their growth and development, and to find the possibility of the reasonable diet mode suitable for them. Method: This study started from 1993, and the whole diet and foods of the primary school children were designed and measured all the time when they were in school. This report was taken from 161 primary school pupils aged from 7 to 12, mostly being singleton in their family, as a sample through whole six years from Class one to six when they graduated from the school. Their growth and general health situation including body height and weight, and hemoglobin were measured and evaluated every year. Results and Conclusion: The outcome seemed positive. It suggested that the “Chinese Food Guideline” was acceptable and suitable for southern Chinese children, and the results were discussed.

Objective To set up the quality standard of Wanbile Wan. Method s Fructus Psoraleae, Radix Puerariae, Radix paeoniae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhiza e Preparatae in Wanbile Wan were identified by TLC .Isopsoralen was determined b y TLC scanning. The chromatographic conditions were: high performance silica gel G plate as lamellated plate, n- hexane - ethyl acetate (8 ∶ 2)being the exp ander, serrated scanning with single- wavelength reflection, beam stricture of 0.4? 0.4 mm, linear parameter SX=3 and scanning wavelength at 300 nm. Results The TLC spots were highly specific, clear and concentrated without interferen ce of the presence of negative controls. Isopsoralen showed a good linearity wit hin the range of 0.064～ 1.536 ? g, r=0.9980, average recovery rate was 100.7 % , and RSD was 2.0% .Conclusion This method can be used for the quality co ntrol of Wanbile Wan.

Objective To summarize twenty year experience in the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma(H CC) and explore the effective measuers for increase in resectional rate and reducing operative morbidity and mortality of H CC. Methods Clinicopathological data of 201 patients with H CC treated surgically in our center between 1978 and 1997 were analysed retrospectively. The resection rate, operative morbidity and mortality of the patients before and after December 1990 were compared. Results Of the 201 patients, 97 underwent resection(redical resection in 51; palliative in 46), 84 subjected to internal or external drainage and 20 only laparotomy. In 75 followed up patients, the 1,3,5 year survival rate was 95.45%, 40.91%, 13.64% in radical resection group, and 55%, 10%, 0% in palliative resection group respectively; whereas in unresectional internal and external drainage group, 1 year survival rate was 36%, noone survived for more than 3 years. All the patients with only laparotomy died within 3 months after operation. Comparation of the two stages revealed that the resection rate had been increased from 34.95% before December 1990 to 62.24% after December 1990, and the radical resection rate from 15.53% to 35.71%, meanwhile the operative morbidity and mortality decreased from 39.80% and 17.84% to 18.37% and 6.12% respectively. Conclusions Radical resection plays an important role for improving long term survival rate in patients with H CC. Appropriately perioperative care can reduce the operative morbidity and mortality.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of vesselplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture in the elderly.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze 52 cases of OVCFs treated from August 2013 to May 2015.According to treatment method,the patients were assigned to vesselplasty (Group A) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (Group B).Group A (25 cases,38 vertebrae) included 11 males and 14 females,aged (63.6 ±8.3)years (range,60-89 years).In Group A,there were nine cases of T11,10 T12,13 L1,and six L2.Group B (27 cases,41 vertebrae) included 10 males and 17 females,aged (64.1 ±9.6)years (range,63-87 years).In Group B,there were seven cases of T11,13 T12,12 L1,and nine L2.The bone cement leakage before operation,after operation,and at the last follow-up were recorded.The operation time,average fluoroscopy frequency,visual analog score (VAS),vertebral reduction height,Cobb angle,and Oswestry disability index (ODI) changes were compared between two groups.Results All patients were followed up for 6-18 months (mean,12 months).The operation time was (29.3 ± 4.1)minutes in Group A and (35.7 ± 5.2) minutes in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).The number of fluoroscopy was (9.3 ± 1.5) times in Group A and (13.1 ±3.7)times in Group B (P ＜0.05).The VAS at the last follow up was (1.3 ±0.3) points in Group A and (1.4 ± 0.3) points in Group B;the ODI at the last follow up was 32.5 ± 6.7in Group A and 30.5 ± 5.3 in Group B;the injured vertebral height at the last follow up was (85.3 ±9.7)％ in Group A and (82.7 ±10.4)％ in Group B;the Cobb angle at the last follow up was (11.3 ±5.3) ° in Group A and (12.7 ± 6.1) ° in Group B.VAS,vertebral reduction height,and Cobb angle were all improved significantly compared with those before operation (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞0.05).The leakage rate was 3％ in Group A and 26％ in Group B (P ＜ O.05).Conclusion Both vesselplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty can quickly relieve the pain and effectively restore the height of injured vertebra.But vesselplasty can reduce bone cement leakage more effectively,thus being a better treatment for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture in the elderly.

Objective:To investigate the methylation status of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes in stool and their values in the screening of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods:From August 2020 to March 2021, 64 patients with colorectal cancer, 72 patients with adenoma, 33 patients with hyperplastic polyps and 59 healthy people were recruited from Qingdao Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, and the morning stool samples were collected from the research subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted and modified with sulfite. The methylation status of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes were detected by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) was performed. Taking the pathological results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the effect of combined detection of methylation of three genes and FOBT in predicting colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. R-Studio software was used to construct a nomogram for the prediction of colorectal cancer with combined detection of gene methylation in stool and other clinical features, and the calibration and validation were performed.Results:The positive rates of combined detection of methylation of SDC2, PPP2R5C and ADHFE1 genes in stool were higher than those of FOBT in colorectal cancer+adenoma [74.3% (101/136) vs. 47.1% (64/136), χ2 = 23.20, P = 0.001], colorectal cancer [90.6% (58/64) vs. 70.3% (45/64), χ2 = 8.91, P = 0.003] and adenoma [59.7% (43/72) vs. 26.4% (19/72), χ2 = 14.43, P = 0.002]. There was no significant difference in the positive rates in hyperplastic polyps [21.2% (7/33) vs. 6.1% (2/33), χ2 = 0.12, P = 0.125] and healthy controls [10.2% (6/59) vs. 8.5% (5/59), χ2 = 4.01, P = 1.000]. The combined detection of gene methylation was better than FOBT in the prediction of colorectal cancer + adenoma [AUC: 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) vs. 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78), P < 0.05], especially in the prediction of adenoma [AUC: 0.82 (95% CI 0.74-0.89) vs 0.64 (95% CI 0.57-0.69), P < 0.001]. The sensitivity and specificity of ADHFE1 gene methylation status in predicting colorectal cancer were high (90.6% and 96.6%). In colorectal cancer patients over 50 years old, the positive rate of combined detection of gene methylation was higher than that of FOBT [90.2% (55/61) vs. 68.9% (42/61), P < 0.05]. The nomogram calibration curve for predicting colorectal cancer constructed based on the combined detection of gene methylation and each clinical feature showed a high degree of concordance between the predicted and observed diagnostic performance of colorectal cancer. Conclusions:The methylation levels of SDC2, PPP2R5C AND ADHFE1 genes in stool are increased in patients with colorectal cancer or adenoma. The combined detection of gene methylation is expected to be a non-invasive method for the screening of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Glioma has high incidence and poor prognosis. Glioma pathogenesis is the research hotspot and difficulty in related fields. N6-methyladenin (m6A) is closely related to glioma development, and m6A related proteins play important roles in glioma, which is a potential therapeutic target for glioma. In this paper, the upstream regulatory mechanism of m6A related proteins is reviewed, and the prospect of m6A related proteins as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for glioma is discussed.