With the progress of imaging techniques, the diagnosis rate for portal vein thrombosis (PVT), that is used to be considered as a rare disease, has been rapidly increasing. PVT can be caused by systemic reasons such as various thrombophilic risk factors as well as a lot of local reasons such as cirrhosis, abdominal trauma and infection, malignant tumor, etc. At present, PVT is classified into acute and chronic entities based on the duration of clinical symptoms as well as on the presence or absence of portal cavernous transformation. The clinical manifestations and the treatment principles of the acute and chronic PVT are quite different. For acute PVT, the principle of treatment is to reopen the obstructed portal vein and to prevent the thrombus from entering into the superior mesenteric vein, while for chronic PVT the principle of treatment is focused on the management of the complications due to portal hypertension. The interventional management of portal thrombus plays an important role in reopening portal vein, reducing complications caused by portal hypertension, and restoring portal blood flow, etc. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the etiology and management of portal vein thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of COX-2 antisense oligonucleotide (AsODN) on the proliferation and expression of COX-2 in human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line Coio-16. Methods The COX-2 AsODN was synthesized artificially, and various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 nmol/L) of the AsODN were transfected into Colo-16 cells with lipofectin followed by additional culture for different durations. The transfection results were observed with fluorescence microscopy. Subsequently, MTT assay,Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR were used to detect the cell proliferation, protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 in Coio-16 cells, respectively. Restults Compared with untreated cells, the proliferation of Colo-16 cells was inhibited significantly at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after transfection with different concentrations of COX-2 AsODN (all P < 0.05), and the COX-2 AsODN of 400 nmol/L exerted the highest inhibition rate of 60.3% at 48 hour. The average gray scale was 0.763±0.070, 0.600±0.065, 0.430±0.074 and 0.251±0.045 for COX-2 protein, 0.778±0.025, 0.602±0.041, 0.417±0.031 and 0.297±0.051 for COX-2 mRNA in Colo-16 cells transfected with COX-2 AsODN of 50, 100, 200, and 400 nmol/L respectively,significantly lower than that in untreated Colo-16 cells (all P < 0.05); there was a significant difference in the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA among the cells transfected with the four concentrations of COX-2 AsODN and untreated cells (F = 83.54, 132.48, respectively, both P < 0.05). Conehtsions COX-2 AsODN can inhibit the proliferation, as well as the expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA in Colo-16 cells, which suggests that COX-2 AsODN has a potential therapeutic effect on skin squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of rottlerin on in vitro proliferation of and expressions of interleukin (IL)-17C,CCL20 chemokine,and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods Some HaCaT cells were divided into several test groups treated with rottlerin at concentrations of 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 μmol/L,a solvent group treated with RPMI 1640 culture solution containing the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as that of 4.0 μmol/L rottlerin,and a control group treated with RPMI 1640 culture solution.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was conducted to estimate the proliferative activity of HaCaT cells after 24-,48-and 72-hour culture,RT-PCR to determine the mRNA expressions of IL-17C and CCL20 after 48-hour culture,and Western blot to measure the protein expressions of IL-17C,CCL20 and NF-κB after 48-hour culture.Statistical analysis was carried out by using repeated-measures analysis of variance,one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis with the SPSS16.0 software.Results Rottlerin showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HaCaT cells,and the inhibitory effect increased over time (F =126.936,P ＜ 0.05) and with the increase of rottlerin concentrations (F =838.308,P ＜ 0.05),with a significant interaction effect between rottlerin concentrations and treatment duration (F =15.961,P ＜ 0.05).After 48-hour treatment,a significant decrease was observed in the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17C (F =206.041,233.887,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05) and CCL20 (F =143.883,162.431,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the protein expression of NF-κB (F =577.915,P ＜ 0.05) in the test groups with the increase in rottlerin concentrations.Conclusions Rottlerin can inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells in vitro,and decrease the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17C and CCL20 likely by downregulating the protein expression of NF-κB.

Objective To explore the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation between benign and malignant bone tumors. Methods Echo planar imaging DWI was performed in 18 patients with benign tumor or tumorous lesion and 26 patients with malignant tumor of bone. Three b-values (0, 500 and 1000 s/mm2) were applied. The lowest, highest, and whole ADC values were measured for each lesion, respectively. Results The lowest ADC values of benign bone tumor[ mean( 1.28±0. 49) ×10-3mm2/s ] were significantly higher than that of malignant tumor [ mean ( 0. 92±0. 35 )×10-3mm2/s, t = 2. 839, P < 0. 01 ]. The whole ADC values of benign bone tumor [ mean (1.62±0. 51 ) ×10-3mm2/s] were significantly higher than that of malignant tumor [ mean ( 1.21±0. 36) ×10-3mm2/s, t = 3. 092, P < 0. 01 ]. However, there were much overlapping between benign and malignant bone tumor in the lowest and whole ADC values. There was no significant difference for the highest ADC values between benign [. Mean ( 2. 02±0. 55 )×10-3mm2/s] and malignant bone tumor[ mean( 1.71±0. 65 ) ×10-3mm2/s, t = 1. 669, P > 0. 05 ]. Excluding cases of bone cyst and aneurismal bone cyst, the lowest, highest, and whole ADC values of benign bone tumor was (1.11± 0. 31 )×10-3mm2/s, ( 1.88±0. 49)×10-3mm2/s, and( 1.45±0. 35 )×10-3mm2/s, respectively. There was no significant difference for the lowest, highest, or whole ADC values between benign and malignant bone tumor (t = 1. 728, 0. 964, and 2. 012, respectively, P > 0. 05). Conclusion ADC value is useless for the differentiation between benign and malignant bone tumors.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) and the ultrastructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocyte, mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis factor cysteine protease protein 12 (caspase-12).Methods Sixty-five pregnant women who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2008 to January 2010, were selected as the subject. Thirty pregnancy women diagnosed with PE were divided into PE group and 35 normal pregnant women were used as control group.Electron Microscopy was used to measure ultrastructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in placenta trophocyte. Reverse transcription(RT) PCR and western blot were used to investigute the expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, caspase-12 mRNA and protein in placenta. Results (1) In control group the volume of endoplasmic reticulum does not increase; no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum was found.In PE group the edema number of endoplasmic reticulum was reduced; the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased; expansion and vacuolation of cavity and degranulation of the endoplasmic reticulum was observed significantly. (2) The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in placenta of PE group (2.59 ± 0. 09 and 0. 81 ±0. 31) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (1. 16 ±0. 07 and 0. 40 ± 0. 10, P <0. 01). (3) The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP94 in placenta of PE group (1.31 ± 0. 91 and 0. 55 ±0. 24) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (0. 63 ±0. 57 and 0. 22 ±0. 09, P < 0. 01). (4) The mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-12 in placenta of PE group (4. 03 ± 0. 65 and 1.56 ± 0. 17) were significantly higher than those in placenta of control group (1.85 ± 0. 85 and 0. 91 ± 0. 69, P < 0. 01). Conclusion The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in trophocyte and the increased expression levels of GRP78, GRP94 and caspase-12 indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of PE.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the peripheral blood monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) for assessment of degree of severity and the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods A case-control study was conducted. Eighty-six AP patients admitted to Shandong Liaocheng People's Hospital from June 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled. Patients were classified into four groups [mild (n = 33), moderate (n = 25), severe (n = 16), critical (n = 12)] according to the disease classification. Eighty healthy persons subjected to physical examination center of our hospital at the same time were served as controls. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores in patients were estimated. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of the peripheral blood mHLA-DR, and the Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between the level of mHLA-DR and the APACHE Ⅱ score. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted, and then the clinical value of the peripheral blood mHLA-DR was analyzed for the diagnostic value in AP patients. Results The expression of the mHLA-DR in patients with AP was significantly lower than that of healthy control group [(63.7±18.6)% vs. (86.4±8.3)%, t = 5.319, P < 0.001]. The expression levels of the mHLA-DR in mild group, moderate group, severe group, and critical group were (79.6±6.5)%, (66.4±9.4)%, (49.9±8.1)%, (32.5±12.0)%, respectively, and the APACHE Ⅱ score were 4.67±1.99, 5.88±2.05, 9.06±2.62, 12.33±3.96, respectively. Pair wise comparisons were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The HLA-DR expression level in the peripheral blood of patients with AP was negatively correlated with the APACHE Ⅱ score (r = -0.695, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of mHLA-DR expression in peripheral blood for AP was 0.894 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.847-0.941, P < 0.001], and the cut-off point was 84.40%, with the sensitivity of 75.0%, the specificity of 90.7%, and the accuracy rate of 83.1%. The AUC of mHLA-DR expression for mild AP was 0.938 (95%CI = 0.889-0.987, P < 0.001), and the cut-off point was 72.70%, with the sensitivity of 87.9%, the specificity of 88.7%, and the accuracy rate of 88.4%. The AUC of mHLA-DR expression for severe and critical AP was 0.943 (95%CI = 0.881-1.005, P < 0.001), and the cut-off point was 57.85%, with the sensitivity of 84.0%, the specificity of 96.4%, and the accuracy rate of 90.6%. Conclusions The expression levels of the peripheral blood mHLA-DR in AP patients can reflect the degree of disease, and contribute to the diagnosis of AP. The value of mHLA-DR may be used as a new biological indicator in the diagnosis and assessment for the severity of AP.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 gene mutations among Uygur and Han sporadic breast cancer patients in Xinjiang Uygur Automous.Methods Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and DNA se-quencing was used to detect mutations of BRCA1(exons 2, 11(11A and 11B) and 20) and BRCA2(exon 11) genes in the Paraffin imbedding tissues from 230 sporadic breast cancer patients ( 115 Uygur and 115 Han ) in Xinjiang Uygur Automous.Results In the 230 cases of sporadic breast cancer patients, 16 cases have gene mu-tation ( 16/230 ,6.96%) .One case of BRCA1 gene in 16 cases of mutations -5 382 locus mutation and 7 cases of new mutations.There was 2 germline mutation in exon 11 of BRCA2 gene.BRCA gene mutation rates of Uygur and Han patients were 7.83% ( 9/115 ) and 6.09% ( 7/115 ) .The onset age of mutations group were 50 or less.Mutations group of patients with amenorrhea ( 3 ) were less than whom were premenopausal ( 13 ) ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions The prevalence of BRCA1 mutations was significantly higher than BRCA2 in sporadic breast cancer patients of Xinjiang.

Objective To treat the patients with primary dysmenorrhea by puncturing Shiqizhui (EX-B8) and observe the change and regularity of the analgesic effect with different needle-retaining time, for providing evidence for the optimal needle-retaining time. Method Ninety eligible subjects with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into a 20 min group of 30 cases, a 30 min group of 30 cases, and a blank control group of 30 cases. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to observe the change before and after intervention with the time, and to compare the intergroup differences. Result The acupuncture groups started to show analgesic effect 10 min after needling, and the effect increased with the needle-retaining time (P＜0.05);the therapeutic efficacy of the 30 min group was significantly superior to that of the 20 min group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture at Shiqizhui can produce a real-time analgesic effect for patients with primary dysmenorrhea, and retaining the needle for 30 min is superior to 20 min.

Objective To relate the results of surface electromyography (sEMG) of the femoris among patients with hemiplegia after a brain lesion with scores on the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),and to decide whether sEMG can be used as a quantitative index for evaluating spasm.Methods The affected quadriceps femoris of sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors were assessed by the same therapist using the MAS.sEMGs were also recorded and the root mean square and average sEMG readings from the vastus medialis (VM),rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) were extracted.The correlation between these sEMG indexes and the MAS grading was analyzed.Results The average sEMG signals from the VM,RF and VL were strongly correlated with the MAS grading,and they increased with increasing MAS grade.Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated highly significant correlation (P ≤ 0.001) when the quadriceps femoris was moved passively.Conclusions Surface EMG signals from the VM,RF and VL correlate well with MAS grades,rising when the affected quadriceps femoris of a stroke survivor is moved passively.sEMG can present the electrical activity during passive movements of the quadriceps femoris and can be useful in spasticity assessment and clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the MRI signs of discoid meniscus and to establish the criterion of MRI diagnosis.Methods 40 cases of discoid meniscus were analysed retrospectively. The methods of measurement and the classification of discoid meniscus were studied. Besides, the injurious criterion of diagnosis were discussed.Results All of 40 cases were lateral discoid meniscus. 24 cases were classified as slab type and 16 cases wedge type. 38 cases developed in different degree of meniscal injury. The rate of injury was 95%. Conclusion MRI examination is principal in diagnosis of discoid meniscus. Proportion of transverse diameter of the midbody of meniscus to the transverse width of the tibia exceeded 40%, which is necessary to diagnose discoid meniscus.