ObjectiveTo investigate the context-sensitive half-times of etomidate. Methods Twenty patients ( ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) underwent selective thoracic operation were divided into 2 groups by random digits table with 10 cases each,the patients were allocated to receive either continuous infusion etomidate 10μg/(kg·min) for 1 h(Gl group) or continuous infusion etomidate 10 μg/(kg·min) for 2 h(G2 group) of maintenance anesthesia. The samples were collected at the following time points: 1 min before stop infusion,2,5, 10,15,20,30,40,50 and 60 min after stop infusion. The plasma concentrations of etomidate were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the changes of the context-sensitive half-times of etomidate were calculated. ResultsThe context-sensitive half-times of etomidate was ( 17.1 ± 13.1 )min in G1 group and (21.7 ± 15.1 ) min in G2 group. There was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionThe context-sensitive half-times of etomidate is short and its pharmacokinetic profile is suitable for continuous infusion.

Objective　To explore an objective and precise method of measuring the angles of human ears.Methods　Thirty cases (60 ears) were measured by CT.They were performed in position of Frankfort horizontal plane.Results　Auriculo-cranial is 45±14 degrees,cephaloconchal is 83±13 degrees,scaphaconchal is 92±4 degrees,and they are symmetric on both sides.The differences of the angles between men and women are not obvious,except auriculo-cranial angle.Conclusion　The measurement of human auricular angles with CT is a useful and practical method in anthropology and aesthetic medicine.

The number of IPFI has increased in recent years because of the increasing of immunocompromised hosts due to abuse of antibiotics,glucocorticoids,immunosuppressants and all kinds of invasive operations,organ transplants.The mortality of IPFI remains highly because it's difficult to early diagnosis.Histopathologic biopsy remains as the gold standard for IPFI diagnosis although limited by materials.Imaging manifestations are nonspecific but have important suggestive values to some kinds of fungus.Direct examination is quickly but it's difficult to distinguish strain.Fungal culture can guide the treatment but its positive rate is low and the distinguish for contamination,infection and colonization is hard.Serological test has high sensitivity and specificity,but it cannot distinguish strain and it can yield false positives and false negative.Molecular biology is one of rapid developing methods,but its application is limited due to lack of standardized procedures and standards to assess its results,furthermore it can yield false positives.The proper diagnosis for IPFI relies on the comprehensive assessment combing with advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

0 05); At the 7th day, T?RⅠ mRNAs expression was decreased( P

Bnip3,a kind of mitochondrion apoptosis gene,belongs to the Bcl-2 gene family and BH3-only subfamily.It is one of the downstream response factors of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF).Bnip3 can induce cell apoptosis and autophagy under the oxygen deficit condition.Many studies show that Bnip3 is closely related to the occurrence,development and treatment of tumors.Molecular targeting treatment aimed at Bnip3 combined with chemoradiotherapy has preferable application foreground in tumor therapy.

Objective To study the adverse effect of amatoxins on DNA in the histiocytes of rats and the antagonism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, the number of males and females was the same. The rats in the experimental groups were respectively treated with amatoxins(0.1 mg/kg bw, i.p.) and amatoxins added EPA, DHA (both were 10 mg/kg bw, i.p.) for 10 days. Single cell gel-electrophoresis was employed to test the damage of DNA in the histiocytes. Results In the group treated with amatoxins, DNA damage in the peripheral lymphocyte, hepatocytes, lung cells ,brain cells was more seriously compared with the control, but no significant DNA damage was seen in the group treated with amatoxins added EPA, DHA. Conclusion Amatoxins may induce DNA damage and eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid have an antagonism to the adverse effect of amatoxins.

Objective To study the curative effect and clinical safety of gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma patients.Methods From January 2009 to December 2011,116 cases with advanced gastric carcinoma were randomly chosen and divided into group A,B (58 cases in each group).Group A was given gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin,while group B was given oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and calcium folinate.Before and after dosing,the blood routine,liver and kidney function,chest CT scanning and gastroscope inspection were observed,the recent curative effect and adverse reaction of chemotherapy were analyzed.The patients' survival time and disease progression were compared.Results The curative effect of 116 patients could all be evaluated,and the effective rate of group A and group B were 48.3％(28/58) and 29.3％(17/58),while clinical benefit rate were 74.1％(43/58) and 55.2％(32/58),there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate of two groups at different time points had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The rate of nauseated and vomiting were 34.5％(20/58),37.9％(22/58) in group A,and 67.2％(39/58),62.1％(36/58) in group B,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The influence of drugs on blood system,common peripheral neurotoxicity,extremities syndrome and inflammation of the oral mucosa between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Gimeracil and oteracil potassium combined with oxaliplatin in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma patients has better clinical effect and less complication,which is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To investigate the in vitro effect of sirolimus on the apoptosis of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Colo-16 cells. Methods Cultured Colo-16 cells were treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 nmol/L) of sirolimus for various durations ( 12, 24, 48, 72 hours). Subse-quently, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining. Morphological changes of the cells were observed with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining. Total RNA was extracted from Colo-16 cells treated with sirolimus for 48 hours, and subjected to reverse tran-scription (RT)-PCR for the detection of mRNA expression of B cell lymphoma/leukmia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X Protein (Bax). Results Sirolimus inhibited the proliferation of Colo-16 cells in a time-and dose-dependent fashion. The early apoptosis rate was 7.26%±0.26%, 8.34% ±0.19%, 9.86%±0.14%, 11.92% ±0.15% in Colo-16 cells treated with sirolimus of 50, 100, 150, and 200 nmol/L, respectively, signifi-candy higher than that in untreated cells (1.53%±0.09%, P < 0.05); a positive correlation was observed between the apoptosis rate and concentrations of sirolimus (r = 0.955, P = 0.000). Typical morphological changes of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and margination as well as nuclear fragmentation were observed by fluorescence staining. After treatment with sirolimus for 48 hours, a significant decrease was observed in the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, while an increase in that of Bax was noticed. Conclusion Sirolimus could induce Colo-16 cells apoptosis in vitro, which may be associated with the modulation of expression of apoptosis-regnlating genes, such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective To evaluate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-eight 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats,weighing 16-18 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):control group (group Con),securinine group (group See),isoflurane group (group Iso) and securinine + isoflurane group (group Sec + Iso).Normal saline 0.2 ml was injected intraperitoneally in group Con.Specific GABAA receptor antagonist securinine 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at the corresponding time points in group Sec.Normal saline 0.2 ml was injected intraperitoneally and 1.4％ isoflurane was inhaled for 6 h in group Iso.Securinine 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before isoflurane inhalation and 3 h of inhalation,and 1.4％ isoflurane was inhaled for 6 h in group Sec + Iso.The rats were then sacrificed at 3 weeks after administration,their brains were immediately removed and hippocampal slices were prepared for electrophysiological experiments.The value of population spike amplitude (PSA) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were measured every 5 min.The successful LTP induction was recorded.Results Compared with group Con,the values of PSA and rates of successful LTP induction were significantly decreased in group Iso (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in groups Sec and Sec + Iso (P ＞ 0.05).The values of PSA and rates of successful LTP induction were significantly higher in group Sec + Iso than in group Iso (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion GABAA receptor is involved in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in the neonatal rats.