Objective To investigate the clinical effect of combined use of remifentanil,propofol and high frequency jet ventilation for respiratory tract foreign body removal in children.Methods Fifty-two children undergoing respiratory tract foreign body removal operations were randomly divided into two groups: group A with remifentanil,propofol and high frequency jet ventilation(n=26),and group B with ketamine and sodium ?-hydroxybutrate(n=26).The changes of operation time,awaken time,vital signs and the incidence of intra/post-operative complications were observed.Results There was no significant differences in operation time,but awaken time in group A was significantly longer than that in group B(P

In October 2020, the American Heart Association(AHA) published the 2020 guidelines for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitatio, it is a comprehensive revision for adult, pediatric, neonatal, resuscitation education science, and systems of care topics.This article mainly interprets the most important updates of pediatric and neonatal basic and advanced life support.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1 ) in process of sevoflurane preconditioning attenuating hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.Methods Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups ( n ＝ 25 each):control group (group C),group H/R,sevoflurane preconditioning group(group S + H/R),and HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyria (ZnPP) and sevoflurane preconditioning group(group ZnPP + S + H/R).In group H/R,the cardiomyocytes were exposed to 2 hours of hypoxia,followed by 1 hour of reoxygenation.Group S+ H/R received 2.5％ sevoflurane preconditioning for 20 minutes followed by 10 minutes of wash-out before H/R.ZnPP was added to the culture medium with final concentrations of 3 μMol/L 1 hour before sevoflurane preconditioning and H/R in group ZnPP +S + H/R.HO- 1 expression,apoptosis rate,concentration of free calcium ( [ Ca2 + ] i),mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (PTP),cytoohrome C ( Cyto C) expression and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in culture supernatant were detected after reoxygenation.ResultsCompared with group C,the expression of HO-1 and cytoplasmic Cyto C of cardiomyocytes were up-regulated,mitochondrial Cyto C was down-regulated,while the [Ca2+ ]i,opening degree of PIP,apoptosis rate and activities of LDH and CK in culture supernatant were increased in group H/R.Compared with group H/R,the expression of HO-1 and mitochondrial Cyto C of cardiomyocytes were up-regulated,cytoplasmic Cyto C was down-regulated,while the [Ca2+ ] i,opening degree of PTP,apoptosis rate and activities of LDH and CK in culture supernatant were decreased in group S + H/R.Compared with group S + H/R,the expression of HO-1 and mitochondrial Cyto C of cardiomyocytes were down-regulated,cytoplasmic Cyto C was up-regulated,while the [Ca2+ ]i,opening degree of PTP,apoptosis rate and activities of LDH and CK in culture supematant were increased in group ZnPP + S + H/R.ConclusionThe up-regulation of HO-1 is involved in the process of sevoflurane preconditioning attenuating hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-100 on the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 and CFPAC-1 cells through targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).Methods miR-100 expression levels in 17 cancer tissues and 17 nonmalignant tissues were examined by Real-time PCR.The effect of miR-100 overexpression on cell proliferation was examined by CCK-8 assay in vitro.Luciferase assay was used to confirm that miR-100 could directly target FGFR3.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of FGFR3 in miR-100 overexpressing pancreatic cancer cells.The predicted target gene of miR-100,FGFR3,was downregulated by siRNA,and its effect on cell proliferation was also examined.Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 and Edu assay.Results miR-100 was lowly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (P ＜ 0.05).In pancreatic cancer cells,the transfection of lv-miR-100 was able to upregulate the endogenous expression of miR-100 and inhibit the cell proliferation (P ＜0.05).Luciferase assay showed FGFR3 was the direct target of miR-1O0.FGFR3 was significantly downregulated by overexpressing miR-100 in pancreatic cancer cells (P ＜0.05),and FGFR3 knockdown by specific siRNA exerted the similar effect as miR-100 overexpression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Our study identified a new miRNA regulator,miR-100,and clarified a novel mechanism of how miR-100 regulates cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.The strategy of overexpressing the tumor suppressor miR-100 may provide a new therapeutic approach for treating patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of prevailing factors and their influence on esophageal cancer in Xinjiang. Meth-ods:Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer from January 2010 to January 2016 were selected from the Xinjiang Medical Universi-ty First Affiliated Hospital and categorized as the patient group. Patients without cancer admitted to the same period were classified as the control group. Case control study and correlation analysis between esophageal cancer and type 2 diabetes were performed. Re-sults:Type 2 diabetes (≥2 years), as a risk factor, is associated with esophageal cancer. The use of insulin (≥2 years) can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Smoking, drinking, hyperlipidemia, body mass index≥24, and esophageal diverticulum esophageal cancer are also risk factors. Conclusion:The risk factors for esophageal cancer are prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes patients. In-sulin use is also correlated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Further studies must be performed to develop secondary preven-tion for diabetic patients susceptible to esophageal cancer in high-risk subgroups.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone on ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in mice.Methods Twenty-four healthy male C57 mice,weighing 20-25 g,aged 6-8 weeks,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S);group VALI;rosiglitazone group (group RGZ).The mice only underwent tracheotomy in group S.In group VALI,the mice were ventilated (respiratory rate 80 breaths/min,duration 4 h,tidal volume 40 ml/kg,fraction of inspired oxygen 21％,inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1:2,PEEP 0).In group RGZ,30 mg/kg rosiglitazone was given orally at 30 min before ventilation,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group VALI.At the end of ventilation,the mice were sacrificed,and the left lung was lavaged,and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of neutrophil count.The pulmonary specimens were collected from the upper lobe of right lungs for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored.The pulmonary specimens were obtained from the middle lobe of right lungs for measurement of the contents of interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group S,the neutrophil counts in BALF,contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1 and RAGE,and lung injury score were significantly increased in VALI group (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group RGZ (P＞0.05).Compared with group VALI,the neutrophil counts in BALF,contents of IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1 and RAGE,and lung injury score were significantly decreased in group RGZ (P＜0.01).Conclusion Rosiglitazone can mitigate VALI in mice.

Objective To investigate the role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced inhibition of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of rats.Methods The cultured cardiomyocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),hypoxia-reoxgenation (H/R) group,sevoflurane preconditioning group (group S),siRNA-GRP78 group and siRNA control group.H/R was produced by 2 h exposure of cells to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 in an air-tight chamber at 37 ℃,followed by reoxygenation with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 in an air-tight chamber at 37 ℃ for 1 h.In group S,the cells were incubated with 2.5％ sevoflurane for 20 min,followed by 10-min washout before H/R.In siRNA-GRP78 group,the cells were transfected with siRNA-GRP78 100 nmol/L,and 24 h later preconditioning with sevoflurane was performed and H/R was produced.In siRNA group,cells were transfected with siRNA,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in siRNA-GRP78 group.After treatment in each group,the expression of GRP78 in myocardial cells and cytochrome c in cytoplasm and mitochondria was detected by Western blot.Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the culture medium of each group were determined by ELISA.The apoptosis in myocardial cells was assessed by flow cytometry.Apoptotic rate was calculated.Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured with the fluorescent probe Fura-2/ AM.The opening of mPTP was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry.Results Compared to group C,the expression of GRP78 in myocardial cells and cytochrome c in cytoplasm was significantly up-regulated,LDH and CK activities in the culture medium,apoptotic rate and [Ca2+]i were increased,and the expression of cytochrome c in mitochondria was down-regulated in H/R group.Compared to group H/R,the expression of GRP78 in myocardial cells and cytochrome c in mitochondria was significantly up-regulated,LDH and CK activities in the culture medium,apoptotic rate,[Ca2+] i and opening of mPTP were decreased,and the expression of cytochrome c in cytoplasm was down-regulated in group S,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in siRNA group.Compared to group S,the expression of GRP78 in myocardial cells and cytochrome c in mitochondria was significantly down-regulated,LDH and CK activities in the culture medium,apoptotic rate,[Ca2+] i and opening of mPTP were increased,and the expression of cytochrome c in cytoplasm was up-regulated in group siRNA-GRP78.Conclusion GRP78 is involved in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced inhibition of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of rats,and the mechanism is related to maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ stability and inhibition of opening of mPTP.

Objective To evaluate the performance of VITEK-2 compact,VITEK MS and Bruker MS on the identification of Corynebacterium.Methods This was a methodological evaluation study.The 40 Corynebacterium from bioMerieux were i-dentified with the three methods respectively.16S rDNA gene sequencing was conducted as reference method.Made a de-scriptive analysis of the identification ability,time and cost.Resulets The accuracy of species level of the three methods was 95.0%,88.9% and 97.5%.The mean time was 5~6 h,2~3 min and 2~3 min.The cost of consumable was 50~70 yuan, 15~25 yuan and 10~20 yuan.Conclution Three methods with high accuracy can meet the requirement of clinical diagno-sis,and the identification ability of VITEK MS on Corynebacterium amycolatum need to be further improved.

Objective By comparing the change of expression of AQP1 in vitro lung preserved by the continuous infusion of a heart‐lung machine ,continuous pressure perfusion and single low temperature ,to explore the best method of vitro lung preserva‐tion .Methods Thirty Mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups ,and both lungs were completely resected under the condi‐tion of keeping mechanical ventilation .The vitro lungs were preserved by the way of the continuous infusion of a heart‐lung ma‐chine ,continuous pressure perfusion and single low temperature ,and collecting specimens according to the time point .HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of vitro lung tissue .Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of AQP1 in vitro lung .Results HE staining found that as the time went by alveolar structure gradually collapsed ,in‐flammatory cells increased ,alveolar interval also gradually broadened and exudation could be seen in the alveolar cavity ;at the same time point ,organization structure of extracorporeal circulation group changed lighter than pressure perfusion group and low‐temper‐ature preservation group .In each experimental group ,the expression of AQP1 showed a trend of decline;at each time point ,the ex‐pression of AQP1 in extracorporeal circulation group was higher than pressure perfusion group ,and pressure infusion group was higher than that of low‐temperature preservation group .Conclusion The protective effect of the continuous infusion of a heart‐lung machine on vitro lung was better than continuous pressure perfusion and single low temperature .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of sivelestat sodium on the prognosis in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Databases including PubMed, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid, Wanfang data, CNKI and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding sivelestat sodium treatment for ALI/ARDS published from 1985 to December 2014. The patients in treatment group received intravenous infusion of sivelestat sodium, and those in control group received normal saline. The items for analysis were 28-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and oxygenation index on day 3. According to the evaluation method of Cochrane system, data extraction and quality assessment from the literature were carried out. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. The publication bias was analyzed with funnel plot.Results Five RCTs with a total of 780 participants were included, with 389 patients in sivelestat sodium group, and 391 in control group. Meta analysis showed: compared with control group, sivelestat sodium could not lower the 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) =0.66-1.26,P = 0.58], or shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation or length of ICU stay [duration of mechanical ventilation: mean difference (MD) = -0.02, 95%CI = -0.29 to 0.24,P = 0.87; length of ICU stay:MD = -9.63, 95%CI =-23.34 to 4.08,P = 0.17], but it could improve oxygenation index on day 3 (MD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.39 to 1.36, P = 0.000 4). Heterogeneity was not significant for the main analysis and no publication bias was shown on funnel plot. Conclusion Sivelestat sodium gave rise to a better oxygenation on day 3, but did not change the length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, and it did not improve 28-day mortality in ALI and ARDS.