Objective To evaluate the performance of VITEK-2 compact,VITEK MS and Bruker MS on the identification of Corynebacterium.Methods This was a methodological evaluation study.The 40 Corynebacterium from bioMerieux were i-dentified with the three methods respectively.16S rDNA gene sequencing was conducted as reference method.Made a de-scriptive analysis of the identification ability,time and cost.Resulets The accuracy of species level of the three methods was 95.0%,88.9% and 97.5%.The mean time was 5~6 h,2~3 min and 2~3 min.The cost of consumable was 50~70 yuan, 15~25 yuan and 10~20 yuan.Conclution Three methods with high accuracy can meet the requirement of clinical diagno-sis,and the identification ability of VITEK MS on Corynebacterium amycolatum need to be further improved.

Objective To evaluate the effect of bladder volume change on the doses to normal tissues in cervical cancer patients undergoing external three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DRT)plus 3D conformal brachytherapy (3DCBT).Methods The study included 56 patients with cervical cancer who were admitted to our hospital from 2012 to 2013 and received radical external 3DRT and 3DCBT.During 3DCBT,the doses to 0.1,1.0,and 2.0 cm3(D0.1 cm3,D1.0cm3,and D2.0cm3,respectively) for the rectum,small intestine,sigmoid colon,and bladder under different bladder filling status (empty,50,100,and 150 ml) were compared and analyzed by paired t-test.Results The rectum D0.1cm3 with bladder volumes of 50and 100 ml were significantly reduced compared with that with an empty bladder (P =0.000,0.000).The D0.1 cm3,D1.0cm3,and D2.0cm3 for the small intestine with bladder volumes of 50,100,and 150 ml were significantly reduced compared with those with an empty bladder (P =0.008,0.000,0.000 and 0.000,0.000,0.000 or 0.000,0.000,0.000).The D0.1 cm3,D1.0cm3,and D2.0cm3 for the bladder with bladder volumes of 100 and 150 ml were significantly increased compared with those with an empty bladder (P =0.000,0.000 and 0.000,0.000 or 0.000,0.000).Conclusions The doses to the bladder and small intestine are influenced by different bladder filling status,but the doses to the rectum and sigmoid colon show no significant variation.The increase in bladder volume is helpful in reducing the dose to the small intestine.Without any change in the bladder dose,the bladder volume of 50 ml is more beneficial to reduce the dose to the small intestine than those of 100 and 150 ml.

Objective To explore the application value of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring in the fluid management of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Thirty-two children with ARDS admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU) of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital,from April 2013 to April 2016,were divided into intervention group (15 cases) and control group (17 cases) by adopting random number table method.Fluid management of intervention group by PiCCO,control group by central venous pressure,the 2 groups' oxygenation index (OI),acute lung injury score,mechanical ventilation time and 28 days mortality were statistically compared.The categorical data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0 software,and the t test was used for the measurement data.The categorical data and mortality comparison were analyzed by adopting x2 test.The difference was statistically significant at P ＜ 0.05.Results After 3 days of mechanical ventilation,the changes of OI in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(175.0 ±-43.7) mmHg vs.(143.0 ± 42.8) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),t =2.090 0,P ＜ 0.05].The intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group [(10.45 ± 3.12) d vs.(12.63 ± 2.87) d,t =2.058 7,P ＜ 0.05].There was no significant difference between 2 groups in acute lung injury score,PICU length of stay and 28 days mortality (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions PiCCO monitoring and guidance in the fluid management of pediatric ARDS can improve oxygenation after 3 days,reduce mechanical ventilation time,but can not significantly reduce the 28-day mortality.

Objective:To discuss the dosimetric contribution of the ovoid in the cervical cancer brachytherapy through the intracavity combined with interstitial(IC/IS)technique.Methods:The data on 20 patients with FIGO(2009)stageⅡ A, Ⅱ B or Ⅲ Bcervical cancer treated with radical radiotherapy in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University during 2015-2017 was collected. External irradiation treatment was 45 Gy/1.8 Gy× 25 fractions. Brachytherapy was MRI-guided IC/IS brachytherapy with a prescription of 28 Gy/7 Gy× 4 fractions. All of 20 patients developed two kinds of plans, the ovoid group and the non-ovoid group. The original MRI-guided brachytherapy treatment plan was set(80 fractions)to the ovoid group. As contrast model that removed the ovoid and consisted of tandem combined with needles set to the non-ovoid group was built, and the same physicist designed the plan to make the dose of D90% for high-risk clinical target volume(HR-CTV)similar to the ovoid group. The dosimetric differences of the D90% and D98% for HR-CTV, D90% and D98% for intermediate-risk clinical target volume(IR-CTV)and D2 cm 3 for the bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon and small intestines between two groups of plans were analyze by paired t-test. Results:Compared with the ovoid group, the non-ovoid group showed no significant difference on HR-CTV D90%( P>0.05), but the HR-CTV D98%(6.99±0.60 vs. 6.78±0.76), IR-CTV D90%(4.71±0.58 vs. 4.26±0.57) and D98%(3.77±0.58 vs. 3.26±0.59) of the non-ovoid group decreased significantly( t=3.906, 9.860, 8.636, P<0.05). The sigmoid colon showed no significant difference( P>0.05), while the bladder (5.29±0.67 vs. 4.92±0.74), rectum (3.72±0.69 vs. 3.35±0.92) and small intestines (3.05±1.37 vs. 2.98±1.34) D2 cm 3of the non-ovoid group decreased significantly( t=8.758, 7.543, 8.059, P<0.05). Conclusions:Ovoid is very important for IC/IS technique in cervical cancer brachytherapy. Reasonable optimization of the dose weight ratio of the ovoid and the needle can bring better clinical benefits.

Objective To study the values of quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI in diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors and to explore its diagnostic efficacy.Methods Consecutive 25 patients with benign or malignant liver tumors underwent plain scanning and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,and total 28 lesions were confirmed by pathology or follow-up.The DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve and iAUC)of the lesions and the surrounding normal liver tissue were acquired.The inde-pendent sample t test was used to compare the quantitative parameters between different tumors.The optimal parameters values of benign and malignant liver tumors were determined by plotting ROC curves.Results The mean quantitative parameters of HCC and benign lesions were larger than those of the surrounding normal liver tissue.Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and surrounding nor-mal liver tissue had significant differences (P <0.05),Ktrans and iAUC between benign lesions and surrounding normal liver tissue had a significant difference (P <0.05).Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and benign lesions had significant differences (P <0.05). The diagnostic effectiveness of Ktrans = 0.21 5 min-1 ,with sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 66.7%,was greater than that of Kep =0.477 and iAUC=24.706.Conclusion The DCE-MRI quantitative analysis can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of HCC from benign liver tumors.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ICRU reference point dose and dosevolume parameters of organs at risk (OARs) under different bladder and rectal filling status in threedimensional conformal brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods A total of 31 patients who received magnetic resonance imaging-guided three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy for cervical cancer in 96 fractions were enrolled.The ICRU rectal and bladder reference points were determined in the treatment planning system,and the doses at these points were recorded and compared with the dose-volume parameters of the rectum and bladder.The paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between them.Results Bladder DICRU was lower than bladder D0.1cm3 and D1 cm3 (P=0.000 and 0.000),higher than bladder D5 cm3 and D10cm3 (P=0.000 and 0.000),and similar to bladder D2 cm3 (P=0.345).Under the bladder filling status,bladder DICRU was lower than D2cm3.Rectal DICRU was lower than rectal D0.1 cm3 and D1cm3 (P =0.000 and 0.002),higher than rectal D5 cm3 and D 10 cm3 (P =0.000 and 0.000),and similar to rectal D2cm3 (P=0.058).The ICRU bladder and rectal reference point doses were positively correlated with corresponding D2 cm3.In the case of bladder volume ≥ 200 cm3,the ICRU bladder reference point dose underestimated bladder D2 cm3.In the case of rectal volume ≥ 37 cm3,the ICRU rectal reference point dose overestimated rectal D2 cm3.Conclusions In three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy,it is generally safe to use D2 cm3 as an index to evaluate OARs,but when the bladder or rectum is in an empty status,the ICRU bladder or rectal reference point doses should be considered.

Objective To investigate the dosimetric differences between Utrecht applicator and ring applicator in three-dimensional (3D) conformal brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods Twenty-five patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were treated with magnetic resonance imaging-guided 3D conformal brachytherapy.Utrecht applicator and ring applicator were used interchangeably for 96 cycles.Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of applicator.Each group received 48 cycles of treatment, in which ring applicator was first applied for 26 cycles and Utrecht applicator was first applied for 22 cycles.High-risk clinical target volume ( HR-CTV) , width, thickness, and D90 at the point A level, D2 cm3 of organs at risk (OARs), V7 Gy , W7 Gy,A, V7 Gy ,A, and W/T7 Gy were evaluated and analyzed using paired t-test.Results There were no significant differences in HR-CTV and the width, thickness, and D90 at the point A level between the Utrecht group and the ring group ( P=0.487;P=0.340;P=0.857;P=0.921);there were no significant differences in D2 cm3 values of bladder, rectum, sigmoid, and bowel between the two groups ( P=0.136;P=0.802;P=0.985;P=0.458);there were no significant differences in V7 Gy and T7 Gy,A between the two groups ( P=0.076;P=0.435) .The Utrecht group had a significantly larger W/T7 Gy,A than the ring group ( P=0.002 ) .Conclusions Utrecht applicator is appropriate for patients with relatively large width and width/thickness ratio of HR-CTV at the point A level.

Objective To compare target volume and dosimetry between computed tomography (CT)?and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?guided three?dimensional (3D) conformal brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer, and to provide evidence for optimization of the image?guided approach and improvement of treatment regimen. Methods Thirteen patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who were treated with radical radiotherapy in our hospital in 2014 were enrolled as subjects. All patients received MRI?guided 3D conformal intracavitary/ interstitial brachytherapy. All patients received MRI and CT scans for each brachytherapy fraction, based on which the target volume delineation, intracavitary/ interstitial regimen design, and intracavitary?only treatment regimen design were performed. Comparison of data between MRI and CT scans was performed using paired t test. Results The width and volume of the high?risk clinical target volume ( HR?CTV) were significantly smaller in the MRI simulation than in the CT simulation ((38.0±9?? 4) mm vs. (45.1±8?? 7) mm, P= 0?? 000;(34.2±15?? 3) cm3 vs. (42.9±20?? 4) cm3 , P= 0?? 002), and the width, thickness, and volume of the intermediate?risk clinical target volume (IR?CTV) were also significantly smaller in the MRI simulation than in the CT simulation ((58.8±9?? 4) mm vs. (65.4±10?? 3) mm, P= 0?? 000;(34.8±6?? 3) mm vs. (37.5±6?? 3) mm, P= 0?? 001;(90.9±28?? 5) cm3 vs. (109.0±36?? 4) cm3 , P= 0?? 000). The D90 values for HR?CTV and IR?CTV were significantly higher in the MRI simulation than in the CT simulation (87?? 6 Gy vs. 85?? 8 Gy, P= 0?? 013;67?? 7 Gy vs. 66?? 3 Gy, P= 0?? 005), while the average D2 cm3 values for the bladder and rectum were significantly lower in the MRI simulation than in the CT simulation ( 73?? 1 Gy vs . 75?? 5 Gy , P= 0?? 011 ; 61?? 0 Gy vs . 65?? 7 Gy , P= 0?? 000 ) . Conclusions Compared with the MRI simulation, the CT simulation overestimates the width of target volume. MRI has substantial advantages in dosimetry for target volume and normal tissues. The intracavitary/ interstitial treatment can make up the reduced dose for the target volume resulting from the CT simulation.

Objective To explore the dosimetric advantages of computed tomography-based and ultrasound-guided three-dimensional image-quided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) combined with intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods A total of 45 patients with FIGO (2009) stage ⅠB2-ⅣA locally advanced cervical cancer who received radical external beam radiotherapy and 3D-IGBT combined with IC/IS brachytherapy in our hospital from 2013 to 2014 were analyzed.After the treatment with 192Ir-based IC/IS brachytherapy,patients had needles removed from the original images and received treatment only from IC radiation sources.Dosimetric differences in the planning D90 for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV),D90 for intermediate-risk CTV (IR-CTV),and D2 cm3 for the bladder,rectum,sigmoid colon,and small intestines were determined and analyzed by paired t-test.Results A total of 260 after-loading treatment plans,including IC/IS treatment plans for 130 patients and IC treatment plans for 130 patients,were made.The D90 for HR-CTV and D90 for IR-CTV in the IC/IS brachytherapy group were significantly higher than those in the IC brachytherapy group (P =0.000;P =0.000).Moreover,the average D2cm3 values for the bladder and rectum were significantly reduced in the IC/IS brachytherapy group compared with those in the IC brachytherapy group (P =0.000;P =0.006).Conclusions The 3D-IGBT combined with IC/IS brachytherapy not only achieves a higher dose for the target volume,but also reduces the radiation dose to the bladder and rectum in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of Utrecht applicator in three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) for locally advanced cervical cancer,as well as its application discipline in intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) therapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 45 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received radical radiotherapy,and the patients received external beam radiotherapy followed by 3D-IGBT.A total of 130 times (n =45) of IC/IS therapy were performed,and the patients who received such therapy were all enrolled.The patients who met the target dose fractionation defined in the plan were enrolled as group A (n=37,86 times),and the other patients were enrolled as group B (n=22,44 times).Two groups difference was analyzed with Group t-test.Results The frequencies of use of 15-,20-,and 25-mm ovoids by the applicator were 50.0％,20.0％,and 30.0％,respectively,and the 30-mm ovoid was not used.A total of 499 needles were used,and the frequencies of use of 6,7,10,and 11 insertion holes were 23.1％,21.2％,21.2％,and 24.1 ％,respectively.Group A had a significantly lower mean number of the needles than group B (3.7 vs.4.2,P=0.008).Compared with group B,group A had a significantly lower mean high-risk clinical target volume (CTV)(40.71±18.43 cm3 vs.51.81±14.74 cm3,P=0.001),as well significantly lower width and height of high-risk CTV (P=0.011 and 0.006),but the thickness of high-risk CTV was similar between the two groups (P=0.595).The difference between height and insertion depth (DH) was similar between the two groups (P=0.366).Group A had a smaller difference between width and pinhole distance Dw than group B (P=0.007).Conclusions When IC/IS therapy is performed for locally advanced cervical cancer,the 15-,20-,and 25-mm ovoids of Utrecht applicator and 6,7,10,and 11 insertion holes are frequently used.When the number of needles is no less than 4 and the depth is no less than 3 cm,width is the major factor which affects the planned dose.