The development of bioremediation for contaminated soil in China during past 30 years was briefly reviewed, mainly including the developing stages, bioremediation techniques/strategies and their applications, and isolation, screening and characterizations of microbial strains for bioremediation as well as their efficiencies in bioremediation of contaminated soils. Finally, future development of bioremediation techniques/strategies and their applications were also discussed.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; China ; Environmental Pollution ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants

Abacterial strain A25, isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillius megaterium, could produce flocculant, The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources are maltose and yeast extract, respectively. The optimum pH range is 7.0～10.0. The flocculant was synthesized during the cell growth. The flocculant mainly exists in the supermatant. The partial purified flocculant could be kept in 60C for 1 hour without losing activity.

Spreaded and immobilized the bacterial cells entraped in PVA on pieces of cotton cloth as porous carrier. The conditions for preparing immobilized cells were as below: cell concentration, 20 mg wet weight/ml; PVA concentration, 5%; spreading amount, 0.3ml/cm~2; immobilization for 12 hours in saturated boron acid solution. Then activated the immobilized cells in buffer containing dyes. Thus, immobilized cells with high decolorizing activity were obtained.In columns packed with immobilized cells, the decolorization efficiencies of continuous influent and intermissional influent were compared with each other. In twenty days, the decolorization rates were both higher than 90%; then the decolorization rate of continuous influent decreased to about 60% after 60 days while it still reached 80% in case of intermissional influent. The efficiency of the later was distinct higher than that of the former.

Objective To investigate the expressions of ABCG2 and V-ATPase in NSCLC and their expression rates in pathological classification, TNM stages and pathological grades and the expression correlation between ABCG2 and V-ATPase. Methods Expressions of ABCG2 and V-ATPase were accessed with EnVinsion immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from 92 NSCLC patients. The corresponding data was analyzed statistically. Results Expressions of ABCG2 and V -ATPase were found both in the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell cancer, and the difference between these two kinds of tumors was significant (P =0.003,0.000). ABCG2 expression was significantly different among TNM stages of lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.004) as well as among pathological grades of lung adenocarcinoma (P =0.028) and squamous cell carcinoma (P =0.000), while no significant difference was found among TNM stages of squamous cell lung carcinoma. The level of V-ATPase expression was associated with TNM stages of lung adenocarcinoma (P =0.026) and pathological grades of lung squamous cell carcinoma (P =0.002), however, among TNM stages of lung squamous cell carcinoma and pathological grades of lung adenocarcinoma, the difference was not significant. Additionally, the significant correlation was found between expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase in all samples, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.001). Conclusion The significant correlation is found between expression of ABCG2 and V-ATPase, which indicate that they may co-work to participate in the mechanism of anticancer drug resistance.

Objective To understand the cognition about healthcare-associated infection(HAI) management among directors in secondary and above hospitals in Shaanxi Province.Methods Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate hospital directors who participated in The third session of Shaanxi Provincial HAI management training course for hospital directors.Results A total of 181 questionnaires were distributed, 173 (95.58％) were qualified.74.57％ of surveyed hospitals were secondary hospitals, 61.85％ were comprehensive hospitals, 67.05％ of respondents received HAI training in recent 3 years, 81.50％ and 55.49％ of hospital directors thought the main factors influencing the HAI management were health care workers'' awareness on HAI and leaders'' attention respectively.58.96％, 60.12％, and 46.82％ of hospital directors thought the director of HAI management department should have intermediate and above professional title, bachelor degree or above education, and preventive medicine professional requirements respectively.The awareness rate of HAI management-related knowledge was 86.71％, difference in awareness rate of HAI management-related knowledge among respondents of different job, gender, and HAI training in recent 3 years were all significantly different(all P<0.05).Conclusion Hospital directors'' cognition on HAI management affect the development of HAI work, strengthen the training on HAI knowledge among administrators can improve hospital administrators'' awareness on HAI prevention and control.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in China.

METHODSTwo groups of data based on distinct resources were analyzed to explore the risk factors of POAG. One group of data was based on hospital records between 1995 and 2000 which composed of 107 patients with POAG and 149 controls without POAG. The other group of data was based on 40 patients with POAG and 120 matched controls without POAG. The former was designed by non-matched case control study, the latter was done by 1:3 matched case control study. The relationships between POAG and the factors such as age, sex, family history, diabetes, hypertension, intraocular pressure (IOP), cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and mutation of TIGR gene were studied by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe simple factor analysis showed that the risk of POAG was related to age, family history, hypertension, IOP, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and the mutation of TIGR gene (T353I). However, logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG mainly related to IOP, family history, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake and the mutation of TIGR gene.

CONCLUSIONThe most important risk factor of POAG was IOP. Family history, hypertension, smoking and the mutation of TIGR gene were also important risk factors of POAG. However, alcohol intake was a protective factor for POAG.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate whether decursin(Dec) could inhibit EC109 cells proliferation by suppression of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The EC109 cells were treated with Dec(20,40,and 80 pmmol/L) for48 h.The cell viability was evaluated by MTT;the apoptotic cells was labelled by TUNEL;the mitochondrial oxidative stress level was detected by fluorescent staining;and western blotting was used to analyze the proteins of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and apoptosis in EC109 cells,respectively.After co-application of JAK2 / STAT3 antagonist(AG490),the inhibitory ability of Dec to EC109 was observed from the in vivo and in vitro levels.Results Compared to the control group,different concentrations of Dec dose-dependently down-regulated expressions of p-JAK2 [(55.89 ± 6.04) ％] and p-STAT3 [(45.27 ± 8.65) ％],repressed EC109 cell activity(0.43 ± 0.078),increased apoptotic rate[(35.31 ± 8.41)％],reduced MMP levels[(37.23 ± 6.89)％],promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS) [(231.81 ± 19.63)％],decreased glutathione (GSH) activity [(46.78 ± 6.91)％,P＜0.05].However,Dec did not significantly affect the activity of the normal esophageal epithelium HET-1A cells(P ＞0.05).Meanwhile,Dec obviously leaded to reduction of Bcl2,increment of Bax,and augment of Caspase-3 cleavage (P ＜0.05).Additionally,the inhibitory effect of Dec on EC109 was specifically intensified after co-application of AG490 in vivo and in vitro levels(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dec can fight against human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via activation of mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced apoptosis which was mediated by JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their stable structure and poor degradability, PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity to the ecological environment and organisms, thus increasing attentions have been paid to their removals and remediation. Green, safe and economical technologies are widely used in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil. This article summarizes the present status of PAHs pollution in soil of China from the aspects of origin, migration, fate, and pollution level. Meanwhile, the types of microorganisms and plants capable of degrading PAHs, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are summarized. The features of three major bioremediation technologies, i.e., microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and joint remediation, are compared. Analysis of the interaction mechanisms between plants and microorganisms, selection and cultivation of stress-resistant strains and plants, as well as safety and efficacy evaluation of practical applications, are expected to become future directions in this field.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity* ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants