OBJECTIVE:To evaluation the effects of the regulatory measures on the clinical application of quinolones. METHODS: The consumption sum and its proportion in the total in major clinical departments before and after the enforcement of the regulatory measures were analyzed, which were compared with the data from the synchronous case files so as to evaluate the rationality of the use of quinolones. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Quinolones were predominantly used in six departments including the department of respiratory diseases. After the initiation of the regulatory measures, the consumption sum of quinolones decreased in most departments, suggesting the positive effect of the regulatory measures.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for compliance and rationality of drug use. METHODS:Cases of all kinds of patients’factor-induced irrational drug use were interviewed and analyzed. RESULTS:Patient factors included over-dependence on injection,cognition deficiency to characteristics and treatment course of their diseases,over-worry about ADR and obstinate adherence to their own drug habit. CONCLUSION:It’s necessary to strengthen pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceutical care by publicizing,communicating and conducting to strengthen the compliance and rationality.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin (RTX) for the treatment of overactive bladder(OAB). Methods 30 patients (28 females and 2 males) included in the study.The mean age was 39 years (range,21 to 60 years).The mean course of the illness was 6.9 years (range,2 to 30 years).The voiding diaries of pretreatment showed that frequency at day time varied from 9 to 26 times with a mean of 15.0 times;frequency at night ranged from 3 to 13 times with a mean of 6.4 times.Of the 12 patients undergoing cystoscopy 10 had chronic inflammation in both mucous and submucous.Based on biopsy 1 case was pathologically diagnosed as glandulous cystitis,2 as interstitial cystitis,and others as chronic inflammation.100 ml of RTX at a concentration of 100 nmol/L was intravesically instillated in all the patients and was retained within the bladder for 30 minutes. Results RTX instillation had no vesical irritation and other adverse effects,and no local anesthesia was required.The symptoms were improved immediately in all the patients after 1 day of RTX intervention.The decreases in both diurnal (5 to 15 times,mean 8.9 times) and nocturnal (0 to 5 times,mean 3.0 times) frequencies were significant(P

In order to study the role of prostaglandin E2(PGE_2)on the pathogenesis of candidal vaginitis,the effect of Candida albicans and histamine on the production of PGE_2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with candidal vaginitis and normal controls,the effect of PGE2 on germ tube formation of Candida albicans,and the effect of PGE2 on Candida albicans adhering to vaginal ep- ithelial cells were observed.The results showed that:Candida albicans and histamine induced PGE2 synergistically,and the production of PGE2 increased markedly.PGE2 enhanced germ tube formation in Candida albicans,increased the number of Candida albicans adhering to the vaginal epithelial cells, and the pathogenicity of C.albicans.The above results indicate that PGE_2 plays a role in the pathogene- sis of candidal vaginitis.

Objective To observe the growth and the development of primordial spermatogenic cells by allografting Kun-ming neonatal mouse testes into athymic nude mice.Methods Neonatal mouse testes were grafted under the back skin of nude mice (n=29). Grafts were taken out at the post-grafting day 30-110 and observed on the growth and the appearance, the structure of seminiferous tubules as well as the development of spermatogenic cells and the stage of seminiferous epithelium.(Results) The graft growth in all 29 recipient animals was observed, and the mass of grafts was significantly increased from (0.73)?(0.05) mm in diameter and (5.67)?(0.72) mg in wet weight pre-grafting to (6.75)?(0.73) mm and (113.12)?(78.23) mg post-grafting, respectively. The structure of seminiferous (tubules) inside grafts was clearly seen under a light microscope. And the histological analysis (demons)-(trated) a complete spermatogenesis with all levels of spermatogenic cells including sperm and stage I-XII of the seminiferous epithelium could also be identified.Conclusion Neonatal mouse testes could continuously grow and develop under the back skin of castrated nude mice, which would therefore be a useful tool for investigations on the proliferative and developmental pattern of spermatogenic cells and the regulation mechanism of spermatogenesis.

In order to further promote the development of the TCM industry, promote and encourage social capital to organize TCM institutions, according to the national policy and system regulations on private TCM institutions, this article analyzed and studied policies factors affecting private Chinese medical institutions, concluded the advantaging policies for the development of private TCM institutions, teased out the unreasonable regulations to hinder and restrict the private TCM institutions, and finally proposed relevant suggestions and advice, with a purpose to promote the attention of government in the process of promoting private TCM institutions policy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the rationality of the personnel of pharmacy department and pro-moting the development of related pharmacy work in hospitals of Bengbu. METHODS:Questionnaire was designed to investigate and statistically analyze the general situation of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Bengbu in aspects of personnel,dispensing work-load and post setting,suggestions were put forward. RESULTS:Totally 13 questionnaires were sent out,10 were effectively re-ceived with the effective rate of 76.9%. The average proportion of investigated pharmacy staff to the whole health technical workers was 5.0%;primary pharmacist was 39.0%,chief pharmacist was 2.2%;college education was 44.9%,master degree or above was 3.0% ;the average daily prescription volume of outpatient was 375,daily trips of inpatient department was 267;4.4% of the staff were engaged in clinical pharmacy,only 4 hospitals carried out clinical pharmacy work;only 1 hospital had the Pharmacy Intrave-nous Admixture Service (PIVAS). CONCLUSIONS:The hospital pharmacy personnel configuration is not reasonable in Bengbu, dispensing is overloaded,the development of PIVAS is lagging behind,clinical pharmacy work remains to be further improved. It is suggested to promote the work of hospital pharmacy by increasing the numbers of pharmacy personnel,technical titles and practi-cal skills of the pharmacy staff,strengthening the construction of PIVAS and the cultivation of clinical pharmacists according to the condition.

Objective To investigate the developmental feasibility of early human fetal testes (<3 months) using xenografting technique and to acquire an accessible donor derivation that is essential for studying human germ cell development. Methods Nine testes from 10-13 weeks aborted fetus were grafted under the back skin of 6 castrated nude mice. Grafts were collected at different time point according to the growth of the donor tissues and the health condition of the recipients. Morphological and histological analyses were performed for the observation of the development of grafted immature testicular tissues. Results The mass of grafts was increased from about 5-7mg to 84.1mg (the biggest). Six of 9 testes were to be in developing. Histological observations showed a significant expansion of seminiferous tubules from (44.26±3.14)μm to (77.69±7.47)μm. Cells dispersedly distributed in seminiferous cords at the time of grafting migrated towards the basal part of seminiferous epithelium. Some germ cells with spermatogonium-like characteristics located on the basement membrane. Sertoli cells were in stages from immature into matured with abundant cytoplasm which were orderly arranged around spermatogonia forming a niche-like structure. Conclusion Testes from early aborted human fetus grafted under the back skin of castrated nude mice showed further development and therefore could be used as an easier accessible donor tissues for the investigation of human spermatogenetic mechanism.

AIM: To explore the role of TGF-?_1 and signaling transduction molecule, Smad4, in the development of glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Expression levels of TGF-?_1, Smad4, collagen Ⅰ proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in renal biopsies from 38 cases with a spectrum of glomerulonephritis, and compared with 20 normal kidney tissue with image analysis system. After stimulation with TGF-?_1, expressions of endogenous Smad4 and collagen Ⅰ mRNA and proteins and its modulation by TGF?_1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses in cultured human mesangial cells. RESULTS: All types of proliferative and sclerotized glomerulonephritis showed an increased expression of TGF-?_1, Smad4 and collagen Ⅰ ompared with the 20 normal kidney tissue in glomerular (P

0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum Cys C is significantly increased in ARF and correlated well with the severity of ARF. Serum Cys C can be one of the detectable markers of ARF, but it is independent of the mortality and does not predict the prognosis of these patients.