Due to myocardial necrosis and fibrous scar formation after acute myocardial infarction,patient's ventricular remodeling and cardiac function is reduced,which will cause serious impact on the long-term prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction.As new biological substitute materials,the hydrogels are superior in hydrophilicity and biocompatibility and have been widely used in the research of myocardial infarction's treatment.The hydrogels can be used alone or served as a promising cell/drug delivery vehicle.Many reports show that intramyocardial injection of hydrogels attached with stem cells and drugs can prevent left ventricle (LV) wall thinning,increase arteriole and capillary density,raise restoration ratio of implanted stem cells,facilitate controlled release of bioactive drugs,limit post-ischemic remodeling and preserve LV function in a certain extent.This article reviews injectable hydrogels research progress in the treatment of myocardial infarction.

Chiari Ⅰ malformation is a congenital anomaly of posterior brain.There has been many theories for its pathogenesis.Recent years,researchers have sunmarized new theories about the pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated Chiari Ⅰ malformation.However,the exact pathogenesis of Chiari Ⅰ malformation has not been clarified.There are a lot of surgical treatments of Chiari Ⅰ malformation.Importantly,there remains no consensus about the best and generally applicable treatment.

BACKGROUND:Homing is the initial and key procedure of stem cel s-based tissue restoration. Current studies have shown that the inability to recruit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s to target tissue with high efficiency remains a significant barrier to tissue restoration. Preconditioning strategy provides a new insight to promote stem cel homing. OBJECTIVE:To review preconditioning strategies for promoting the homing of stem cel s. METHODS:In PubMed database, different combinations of terms from“stem cel , mesenchymal stem cel s, preconditioning, homing, migration”served as search terms to retrieve articles referring preconditioning strategies for promoting mesenchymal stem cel homing published from January 2000 to September 2015. According to the inclusion criteria, 72 articles were selected for final review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pretreating target tissue or mesenchymal stem cel s ahead of cel transplantation, known as tissue preconditioning or cel preconditioning, prominently promotes the homing of mesenchymal stem cel s, therefore enhancing tissue restoration effect. Tissue preconditioning is designed to up-regulate expression of chemokines by varying the local microenvironment, thereby increasing homing ability of mesechymal stem cel s. Mesenchymal stem cel preconditioning strategies, for example, gene modification and cytokine induction, are mainly to up-regulate expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of mesenchymal stem cel s as effectors, and thus promote targeted cel homing. Overal , preconditioning strategy wil bring great hope to apply stem cel therapy into the clinic.

Randomized trials have demonstrated a benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer.However the optimal approach in individual patients is not clear.There are differences in the chemical drug sensitivities of individual patients.This scenario demands the development of methods to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy.This paper reviews the relevant research progress.Published results are as follows:histological characteristics and histopathological response corelate with survival,traditional imaging needs improvement and integration to increase the accuracy,while PET holds advantage in early selection of patients without response,and existing candidate biomarkers need to bc properly qualified.

Objective To explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of membrane associated guanylate kinase,WW and PDZ domain containing 1 (MAGI1) in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods HepG2MAGI1 stable cell line was constructed by transfecting HepG2 cells with pcDNA3.1-MAGI1 plasmid.Wound healing and invasion assay were performed to compare the migration and invasion ability of HepG2MAGI1 and HepG2 cells.Furthermore,the expression of MAGI1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was also examined by Western blot and the relationship was analyzed.Results The wound healing assay showed that the closure of HepG2MAGI1 cells was significantly slower than that of HepG2 cells [(90±10)% vs.(50±15)%,P＜0.05],and the invasion assay showed that the number of HepG2MAGI1 cells that passed through the matrigel was fewer than HepG2 cells (68±18 vs.150±30,P＜0.05).The protein expression level of PTEN was significantly elevated in HepG2MAGI1 cells compared with HepG2 cells (1.40±0.32 vs.0.28±0.15,P＜0.05).MAGI1 and PTEN protein expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.913,P＜0.01).Conclusion MAGI1 may inhibit the cancer cell migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating PTEN.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)combined with laparoscopic resection (LC) in the treatment of patients with cholecystic stone.Methods100 patients with cholecystic stone were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The patients in the control group (50 cases) received traditional open surgery,and the patients in observation group(50 cases) were given ERCP combined with LC.The effects of two groups were observed.ResultsThe operative time was (49.2 ± 8.5 ) min and intraoperative blood loss was(54.0 ± 12.2 )ml in the observation group.The operative time was (80.2 ± 15.7 )min and intraoperative blood loss was ( 114.5 ± 27.5 ) ml in control group.There were statistically significant differences between two groups(P ＜0.05 ).The hospital stay time and postoperative infection rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIt was a safe and effective method to treat patients with cholecystic stone by ERCP combined with LC,which had the advantages of less trauma,faster recovery,less hospitalization time and could reduce the financial burden on patients,thereby it was worthy of clinical application.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of sometostatin in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis and its influence on the level of TNF-α.Methods 68 cases with severe acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups,34 cases in the control group were received general treatment,34 cases in the observation group were given sometostatin on the basi of general treatment for 5 ～ 7 days.The clinical effects and clinical indexes were observed and compared between the two groups.Results After treatment for 3 days,the level of TNF-α in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group( P ＜0.05 ),and the observation group patients recovered rapidly.The recovery time of blood amylase and intestinal function,hospital stay days,incidence of complications and mortality in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Sometostatin is effective for treatment of severe acute pancreatitis,can decrease the level of TNF-α significantly,shorten disease course and improve the prognosis,which is good for clinical application.

Bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) can differentiate into cardiomyocytes when induced with proper reagent. The cardiomyocytes from BMSCs have cardiomyocyte phenotypes with the expression of cardiac-specific antigen and receptor. BMSCs differentiate into cardiomyocytes in host myocardial microenvironments. Mechanism of the differentiation is unclear and need to be studied further.

Objective To observe the distribution of GABAB receptor subtype 1 (GABABR1 ) in the rat nervous system. Method Immunocytochemical staining technique by using specific antibody against GABABR1 was used. Results Intensely and densely stained GABABR1-like immunoreactive neurons were observed in the V layer of cerebral cortex. islands of Calleja, caudate putamen, septohippocampal nucleus, hippocampus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, medial habenular nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. preoptic nuclei, supraoptic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part of paraven- tricular nucleus, anterior commisural nucleus, median eminence, arcuate nucleus, pars compacta of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the trapezoid they, superficial layers of the caudalis subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex, laminae Ⅰ- Ⅲ, Ⅸ and X of spinal gray matter, lateral spinal nucleus, Onuf's nucleus and spinal dorsal root ganglion. Specially, in the cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei of the brain. Conclusion These results indicate that GABABR1-like im- munoreactive structures are widely located in the rat brain. GABA might exert its principal inhibitory effects through these GABABR.

The study was designed to observe the effects of fructose- 1 ,6 - diphosphate (FDP) on the stressed patients who were supported with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after gastrectomy.Twelve cases of patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups.The control group was supported by TPN,and the FDP group received TPN plus FDP.The resulshowed thatin FDP group the serum levels of cortisol and glucogon declined and the urine 3- methyl- histidine excretin decreased with a better cumulative nutrogen balance when compared with control group.It sug- gested that FDP may lessen the protein catabolism and improve the results of nu- tritional support in stressed patients after trauma or surgical operation.