Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful high-throughput experimental technique that allows rapid, quantitative analysis of global gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. A short sequence taq (10~14 bp),which is defined by an anchoring enzyme site at a fixed distance from polyA tail, contains sufficient information to iden-tify mRNA transcript from which it originates. The taqs are ligated to obtain concatemers that are cloned into a plasmid vector for sequencing. The identification and abundance of mRNA can be observed through bioinformatics and statistical analysis of a given tag. SAGE is not only applied in obtaining global profile of gene expression in a given cell or tissue, but also help identify a set of specific genes to the cellular conditions by comparing the profiles constructed for a pair of cells that are kept at different conditions. This review covers a general introduction of SAGE, its protocol, meth-odological evolution and applications in parasite biology.

Objective To evaluate the causes,prevention and treatment of mesh infection after abdominal wall hernia mesh repair.Methods The clinical data of 14 mesh infections admitted from De-cember 1997 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.There were one case of inguinal hernia with Lichtenstein repair,eleven cases of inguinal hernia with preperitoneal repair,one case of incisional hernia with Bard Composix Mesh and 1 case of parastomal hernia with mesh repair above the abdominal muscle. Based on prothetic materials and infection status,the infection meshes were removed in 4 cases and open dressing change were operated in 10 cases.Results All patients were healed and discharged without peri-operative death.There was no hemorrhage and bladder injury during the procedures.The time of dressing change ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months,with a median of 4 weeks.All patients were followed up for 8 to 64 months.One patient had a recurrence of abdominal incisional hernia.Conclusion There are many fac-tors related to mesh infection after mesh repair and preventing mesh infection is the most important.Once the infection occurs,the management should be individualized.Antibiotic treatment and surgical drainage can be effective in most polypropylene mesh(PPM)infection However,infected expanded polytetrafluoro-ethylene(ePTFE)mesh should be removed completely.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of the superior pancreatic region approach guided by pancreatic capsule in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of 438 patients.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 438 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer in the Second Hospital of Jilin University between April 2013 and April 2017were collected.Patients were confirmed with stage T2 and above by postoperative pathological examination and then underwent adjuvant chemotherapy of XELOX regimen.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situation;(2)postoperative recovery situation;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up situation.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,postoperative long-term complications and tumor metastasis or recurrence up to May 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Results (1) Surgical situation:all the 438patients underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer through the superior pancreatic region approach guided by pancreatic capsule,including 295 undergoing distal gastrectomy and 143 undergoing total gastrectomy.There were no conversion to open surgery.Operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were respectively (178 ±32) minutes and (39± 11)mL.There were no intraoperative complications and death in perioperative period.(2) Postoperative recovery situation:time to anal exsufflation,time for fluid diet intake and duration of hospital stay were (32±6) hours,(26±3) hours and (8.7±2.3) days,respectively.Volume of amylase drainage was (157±35) U/L at postoperative day 1,(68±25) U/L at postoperative day 2 and (43±17) U/L at postoperative day 3,respectively.No pancreatic fistula occurred postoperatively.(3) Postoperative pathological examination:results of postoperative pathological examination showed that 218,209 and 11 patients were detected in T2,T3 and T4a staging,respectively.Numbers of lymph node dissected and lymph node metastases were respectively 27.0± 6.0 and 4.2-± 2.9.Pathological typing:high-or moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma,lowdifferentiated adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma were detected in 67,279 and 92 patients,respectively.(4) Follow-up situation:of 438 patients,415 were followed up for 1-48months,with a median time of 33 months of 438 patients,293 received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of XELOX regimen,122 received unknown adjuvant chemotherapy or refused chemotherapy.During the follow-up,there was no oecurrence of tumor-related complications,13 patients had tumor metastases or recurrence and 5patients died of tumor recurrence or metastases.Conclusion The superior pancreatic region approach guided by pancreatic capsule is safe and feasible in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

Objective To determine the effect of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene silencing by shRNA mediated by lentiviral vector for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods The recombinant lentiviral vector pRNAT-shSTAT3, empty lentiviral vector pRNAT-GFP, and lentiviral packaging plasmids in supernatant were collected to transfect HT-29 cells for harvesting the HT-29-shSTAT3 cells and HT29-GFP cells. Fifteen male rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 ), and then they were inoculated with HT-29cells, HT-29-GFP cells and HT-29-shSTAT3 cells, respectively. Cell growth was assessed by MTT assay and the changes in cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The changes in microvessel density (MVD) of tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. All data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance. Results The growth of HT-29-shSTAT3 cells was significantly suppressed compared with HT-29 and HT-29-GFP cells (F = 632.50,P ＜ 0. 05 ). The proportions of cells at the G0/G1 phase were 68.7% ± 2.9% in HT-29-shSTAT3 cells, 38.5% ±1.6% in HT-29-GFP cells and 38.7% ± 2.3% in HT-29 cells, with a significant difference among the three groups (F = 166.53, P ＜ 0.05 ). The MVDs of HT-29 cells, HT-29-GFP cells and HT-29-shSTAT3 cells were 29 ±5, 28 ±4 and 10 ±3, respectively, with a significant difference among the three groups (F=31.60, P ＜0.05). Conclusion STAT3 gene silencing by shRNA mediated by lentiviral vector can significantly inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells.

Objective To examine the expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene in subclinical microscopic tumor and its peripheral normal esophageal tissues,and study the radiation target in molecular level. Methods Esophageal squamous cancer and its peripheral tissue samples of 34 patients were cut into sequential sections.The expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene then examined.The length of the peripheral esophageal tissue,positively expressing the two genes,was measured,and the relation among the experimental date,tumor stage and vertical length of tumor were analyzed. Results For tumor tissue,subclinical microscopic tumor and the peripheral differentiated normal tissue,the positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 85%,83%and 79%,respectively.The positive expression rate of Survivin was 76%,85%and 85%,respectively.The positive expression level of both MMP-2 and Survivin genes in subclinical microscopic tumor was significantly higher than that in the peripheral differentiated normal tissue(χ2=6.46,P=0.028 and χ2=16.15,P=0.001).The length was 17.2-70.4 mm and 15.0-82.4 mm of cancerous peripheral tissue with positive expression of MMP-2 gene upside and downside of the tumor.The length was＜70 mm in 97% of the samples.For Survivin gene.the length was 3.7-76.4 mm and 16.1-56.3 mm.and was＜70 mm in 96%of the samples.The length of cancerous peripheral esophageal tissue expressing the two genes increased significantly along with tumor stage or tumor length,and there was statistical correlation between the length of tumor and the positive expression ranges of Survivin gene. Conclusions Both MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene are positively expressed in esophageal cancerous peripheral tissue.The range positively expressing the two genes is＜70 mm in more than 96%of the samples,and the length is correlated with the tumor stage.More attention should be paid to the peripheral differentiated normal tissue with positive expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene in esophageal squamous carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has attracted more attention in recent years. Surgical method of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG is especially controversial, mainly focusing on the scope of lymph node dissection, safety of surgical margin, and digestive tract reconstruction. The abdominal transhiatal approach and right thoracoabdominal Ivor-Lewis approach are the main surgical approaches of totally laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgery for Siewert type Ⅱ AEG, which not only need close teamwork, but also require rich experience in laparoscopic surgery. The authors has started to choose these two totally minimally invasive surgical approaches, the feasibility and safety of which are proved. The key surgical details are presented in this article for reference.

Intra-abdominal infection complicated with hypothyroidism is very common. It mostly featured decreased T3, with or without decreased T4, and without elevated thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH). This particular type of hypothyroidism was called "low T3 syndrome" or "thyroid illness syndrome", and is called "non-thyroid illness syndrome" increasingly in recent years. Its pathogenesis has not been fully understood, and probably is associated with abnormality of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, disorder of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism, change in thyroid hormone binding protein, regulation of triiodothyronine receptors, effect of cytokines, and lack of trace element selenium. Intra-abdominal infection complicated with hypothyroidism should be differentiated from primary hypothyroidism, which may be one cause of mental depression, insufficient anabolism, and poor tissue healing. Therefore, the changes of T3 and T4 levels should be actively monitored in patients with severe or prolonged intra-abdominal infection. Whether treatment is needed for intra-abdominal infection complicated with hypothyroidism remains controversial. T3 replacement therapy may improve prognosis. When low T3 syndrome presents as a disease-mediated hypothyroidism, we recommend the use of levothyroxine(L-T4) or liothyronine (L-T3) treatment to improve the prognosis of critical patients. Enteral nutrition can improve hypothyroidism and has good efficacy for enterocutaneous fistula patients with intra-abdominal infection.
Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; complications ; drug therapy ; Intraabdominal Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Thyroxine ; therapeutic use ; Triiodothyronine ; therapeutic use

Intraoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,which is also the main cause of conversion to open surgery.With the popularization of laparoscopic surgery technology worldwide,how to complete high-quality surgery and effectively avoid intraoperative or postoperative complications is the goal pursued by all surgeons.Intraoperative hemorrhage in the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is mainly divided into parenchymal hemorrhage,perigastric vascular injury-induced hemorrhage,lymph node hemorrhage and anastomotic bleeding.Compression,electrocoagulation,vascular clipping and vascular suture repair are the most common treatments for intraoperative hemorrhage.It is necessary to use above methods in clinical work.Proficiency in laparoscopic operation skills,familiarity with perigastric vascular anatomy and variation,and improved teamwork to reduce complications are the key to laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.Combined with literature reports,the authors summarize experience in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer,discuss the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic complications during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

Objective To research the clinical application value of laparoscopic bile duct exploration and the first stage suture for choledocholithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with choledocholithiasis were analyzed retrospectively from January 2015 to January 2017 in Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. According to the different methods of laparoscopic bile duct exploration, they were divided into one stage suture group (observation group, 46 cases) and T tube drainage group (control group, 40 cases). Results The recovery time of gastrointestinal function, hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses in observation group were significantly better than those in control group: (22.71 ± 10.92) h vs. (35.63 ± 11.12) h, (8.4 ± 2.6) d vs. (13.5 ± 2.3) d and (12.1 ± 3.2) thousand yuan vs. (13.5 ± 4.2) thousand yuan, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions Compared with T tube drainage, the first stage suture after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration has shorter hospitalization time, lower treatment cost and faster recovery. It is a safe and feasible operation method, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.