Objective To analyse the X-ray characteristics of the intraductal papilloma and to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The mammographic data of 80 cases of intraductal papilloma of breast by pathology were analysed.Results 24 cases showed circular filling defect, 12 cases showed stringy filling defect,ductal blocked in 30 cases, ductal dilation in 48 cases. Conclusion Galactography is a effective method for diagnosing intraductal papilloma of the breast.

Objective To inquire into the CT feature of ovarian germ cell tumors.Methods 46 surgical and pathalogic proved ovarian germ cell tumors in 37 cases with their CT appearance were analyzed retrospectively.The characteristics of their images were discussed correlated with their pathology.Results 46 germ cell tumors in 37 cases composed of 43 teratoma,2 endodermal sinus tumor and 1 mixed germ cell tumor.For teratoma of the ovary,the sensivity of CT and US was all 100%,the specificity of CT and US was 93.02% and 58.14%.In the 30 patients with 38 benign cystic teratomas,CT demonstated 35 tumors in 27 patients,all had fat attenuation,5 had fat-fluid level,11 had a round mass in the cyst,16 had calcification or tooth.5 immature teratoma presented as mainly cystic or solid mass with some calcification and a little small pieces of fat attenuation.Some curved band-like low attenuation area in 1 solid mass were also found on CT.1 endodermal sinus tumor presented as cystic mass and the other one presented as mainly solid mass with large irregular hypodense necrotic area.Mixed germ cell tumer presented as solid mass with irregular border.Conclusion Ovarian teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor had their characteristic CT features.Particularly for teratoma,CT is a better image modelity with specific nature,compared with US.

Objective To investigate whether cocktailtherapy combined with of neuroprotectants may have more advantages over single agents in treating focal cerebral ischemic cascade Methods Use suture occlusion technique, the right middle cerebral artery in rats was occluded Tirty minutes later,Fructose 1,6 diphosphate(FDP)(50 mg/kg, n =20), MK 801(1 mg/kg, n =20) and N acetylcystein(NAC)(150 mg/kg, n =20) were singly or combinantly infused intraperitoneally At the same time the cocktail treated group ( n =20) were infused the above agents combinationtly and the control group ( n =20) were infused normal saline intraperitoneally. six and 24 hours after focal cerebral ischemia,the animals were weighted and neurologically assessed on 5 point scale The animals were killed; brain were stained with 2,3,5 triphenylte trazolinm chloride for assessment of the volume of infarction, and then embedden onto slides with paraffin for morphological assessment and terminal transferase dUTP nick ending labeling(TUNEL) were carried out for apoptosis and immunohistochemistry were carried out to investigate the changes in bcl 2 Results All neuroprotectants decreased the volume of infarction( P

Objective To explore the imaging(Ultrasonography and CT)characteristics of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary.Methods US and CT images of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary in ten patients were analyzed proved by operation and pathology retrospectively and the imaging characteristics were discussed correlated with their pathology.Results All ten patients underwent sonography.In addition,five patients underwent CT scans.On sonography,five showed solid echo,two showed cystic-solid echo and the other two showed cystic echo.The blood flow of solid parts were abundant.In local part,honeycomebed appearance could be seen.On CT,one presented as solid mass with large irregular hyperdense necrotic area,two presented as cystic-solid mass with irregular and blurred cystic area,the other two presented as predominantly cystic mass with multiple internal septations.Conclusion Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary has their characteristic sonography and CT features,particularly for CT.These imaging characteristics with the patients' age and serum a-fetoprotein levels can be helpful in presurgical accurate diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the CT diagnostic value of broad ligament leiomyoma.Methods CT appearances of 21 cases with broad ligament leiomyoma confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results CT showed that the tumors were pelvic and extrauterine masses in all cases,the tumors were solid in 19 cases and was cystic-solid in one case. The tumors had clear border in 16 cases and unclear border in 3 cases. The density of tumor in 6 cases were homogeneous, which was similar to that of myometrium on precontrast scanning. There was obviously uptake on postcontrast enhancement, as in myometrium. In heterogeneous tumors, low density areas of light flakes or streaks were observed, and the density of tumor solid part was somewhat lower than that of the uterus muscles on postcontrast enhancement. The tumors grew near the uterus. The shape of tumors appeared multitudinous, which was multilobular or irregular in 11 cases, flat round in 4 cases, and round or elliptic in 6 cases. Conclusion CT is a useful tool in diagnosis of the broad ligament leiomyoma.

Objective To investigate CT features and the staging of the ovarian cystadenocarinoma.Methods The CT findings of 73 ovarian cystadenocarcinomas proved by surgery and pathology in 52 cases were analyzed.CT staging in 41 cases with whole abdominal scan was made and the CT finding was compared with operative results.Results Of 73 ovarian cystadenocarcinomas,23(31.5%) tumors were typeⅠ(mainly cystic),32(43.8%)tumors were type Ⅱ(mixed) and 18(24.7%) tumors were type Ⅲ(mainly solid).The preoperative stage accuracy for stage Ⅲ patients was 90.9%.Conclusion CT manifestations of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma are varient,the definite diagnosis can be made by typical appearance.CT scan has a high accuracy in staging of preoperative.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the protective effect of therapy with different combined neuroprotectant agents was better than that of single agent on focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSThe right middle cerebral artery in the rats was occluded with suture occlusion technique. The rats were divided into five groups treated with FDP (50 mg/kg, n = 10), MK-801 (1 mg/kg, n = 10) and NAC (150 mg/kg, n = 10) singly, or in combination, respectively, by intraperitoneal infusion 30 minutes after vessel occlusion. The rats were weighed and assessed neurologically, based on a 5-point scale, six and 24 hours after focal cerebral ischemia. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 was observed with SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis and Western blot technique.

RESULTThe optical density of bcl-2 increased more distinctly in the rats treated with combined neuroprotective agents than that with any single agent six and 24 hours after cerebral ischemia, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTreatment with combined neuroprotectant agents could un-regulate the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 more distinctly than that with any single agents. Combined use of neuroprotectants might be more effective than that of single agent in protecting rats' brain from ischemia.

Acetylcysteine ; administration & dosage ; Actins ; analysis ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fructosediphosphates ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable malignant biliary strictures.MethodsA total of 12 patients with malignant biliary obstructions,who were unsuitable for surgical resection,were prospectively selected for this study.During ERCP,when successful biliary cannulation achieved,a bipolar radiofrequency probe was introduced into bile duct over a guidewire.RFA was given to the tumor lesion under fluoroscopy,followed by stent placement.The patients were closely observed and followed up after the procedure.ResultsSuccessful RFA was achieved in all patients before stents insertion ( plastic and metal stents in 6 respectively,additional pancreatic stents were given to 3).Mild complications of cholangitis and pancreatitis occurred in 1 patient respectively,which were cured with short-term management.Jaundice was promptly controlled in 7 patients (58.3％ ).During the mean follow-up duration of 3.4 (range 0.5-5.5) months,one patient died of cardiocerebral accident and others survived without obvious disconffort.The 1- month and 3- month stent patency was 100％ (12/12) and 80％ (8/10),respectively.ConclusionIt is technically feasible and safe to perform endoscopic intraductal RFA for the palliation of biliary malignancies.The short-term outcome is satisfying,however,long-term result and the better therapeutic schedule need further evaluation.

Objective To evaluate endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for diagnosis and management of biliary cast syndrome after orthotropic liver transplantation. Methods A total of 71 consecutive patients with abnormal liver function and MRCP findings after liver transplantation underwent ERCP for diagnosis and management. Their data were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 188 sessions of ERCP were carried out on the 71 patients, most of whom were found to have stenosis of anastomotic stoma and/or bile duct. Bile sludge was found and removed in all patients diagnosed within 3 months after liver transplantation, while pigmentoid stones were found and removed in patients diagnosed within 3-6 months and biliary casts in patients diagnosed at more than 6 months. Each patient underwent 2.6 sessions averagely. Biliary casts were formed at an average time of 22. 7 ± 15.6 months after transplantation. PostERCP complications included 2 cases of pancreatitis and 3 cholangitis, with an occurrence rate of 2. 6%(5/188), which were all controlled with conservative treatment. The follow-up data was available in 56 patients showing improvement in liver function after ERCP, among who 42 met the endoscopic criteria of cure,1 0 received second liver transplantation because of progressive sclerosing cholangitis and 4 died from diseases other than liver transplantation. Conclusion Therapeutic ERCP for the biliary cast syndrome after liver transplantation is feasible, safe and effective, and can be performed repeatedly with good short-term effect.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a newly designed anti-reflux metallic stent (ARMS) for malignant extra-hepatic biliary obstruction. Methods A total of 23 patients with unresectable biliary malignancy in the middle or lower part of common bile duct underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and ARMs placement. The success rate, early complications, stent patency and patients' survival were recorded. Results The ARMSs were successfully placed in all patients and no procedure-related complication was recorded. The average operation time was similar to that of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMs). In 22 patients completing the follow-up, the total serum bilirubin dropped to normal within one month in 20. ARMs dysfunction occurred in 6, including tumor in-growth in 1, overgrowth in 2, and stent dislodgement in 3. Other patients were free of biliary symptoms until death or at the end of follow-up. The average stent patency of ARMs was 14 months. Patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 95%, 74% and 56%, respectively. The mean patient survival was 7. 9 months ( 1-14 months).Postoperative survival rates at 3,6 and 12 months were 91.0%, 81.3% and 17. 2%, respectively. Conclusion Endoscopic placement of novel ARMs in patients with extra-hepatic biliary tumors is feasible,safe and effective.