Diabetic nephropathy was one of the diseases with high incidence and difficult to treat in modern society. Modern medicine had focused on the prevention and treatment of this difficult disease to delay its development. ProfessorZhao Zongjiang, who had been working on the treatment of kidney diseases with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medicine for many years, had deep understanding on integrative medicine treatment of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic nephropathy treatment with unique TCM principles, methods, prescriptions and herbs, with rich clinical experiences, rational medication and significant therapeutic effects. Under the guidance of professorZhao Zongjiang, this article started with consumptive kidney disease in combination with a large amount of professorZhao Zongjiang’s research results, for the discussion of professor Zhao Zongjiang’s academic thoughts and clinical experiences in disease treatment to provide references in this field.

BACKGROUND: Studies in recent years have suggested the involvement of chemoattractant cytokines in the recruitment of peripheral blood cells to the injured spinal tissue. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) belongs to the CC-type chemokines and is capable of specific chemotactic attraction of the macrophages.OBJECTIVE: To observe MCP-1 expression in the serum of patients with acute spinal cord injury and explore the possible mechanism of secondary spinal cord injury.DESIGN: A non-randomized and controlled concurrent pilot study.SETTING and PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients with acute incomplete spinal cord injury and 8 with compression fracture of the spine were treated in the Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University during the period from January 2001 to December 2002. Another 8 healthy subjects were included as the controls.METHODS: In the next morning after hospitalization, totally(8-10) mL of fasting peripheral venous blood was collected from the patients and the serum separated for determination of MCP-1 level with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) . Serum MCP-1 level was also measured in the healthy subjects in the same manner.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum level of MCP-1 in each group.RESULTS: Serum levels of MCP-1 in the healthy subjects, patients with compression fracture of the spine and those with acute incomplete spinal cord injury were(124 ± 15), (184 ±21) and(428 ± 11) ng/L, respectively, with significant differences between any two groups( P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: MCP-1 may induce secondary inflammation by recruiting inflamnatory cells to the injury site and thus aggravate the spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the myocardial protection effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride during off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods Forty patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly divided into two groups:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Dexmedetomidine hydrochlo-ride was given at a loading dose of 0. 5 μg?kg-1 to patients in group D, and then infused continuously at a rate of 0.5 μg?kg-1?h-1.The same amount of saline was given to patients in group C. After loading dosing,general anesthesia was per-formed with TCI technique.Trans-esophagus Doppler monitoring was conducted to monitor the blood volume and heart function, and close monitoring of fluid infusion to maintain stable circulation.Invasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Blood samples were taken for detection of cTnI,CK-MB,TNF-αand IL-6 contents at the following time points:after induction ( t0 ) ,before operation ( t1 ) ,after operation ( t2 ) ,12 h postoperation ( t3 ) and 24 h postoperation ( t4 ) . Results The blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly at t0 and t1 in group D compared with group C,and there were no significant differ-ences in the two indexes at other time points between the two groups.Blood CK-MB,cTnI and inflammation factors TNF-α,IL-6 were much higher at t2,t3,t4 than at t0 and t1 in both groups(P<0.05).They were significantly decreased at t2,t3,t4 in group D relative to group C (P<0.05).Vessel active medicines were less given after the operation in group D (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride can mitigate the inflammation responses caused by off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,re-duce the myocardial injury and improve the cardiac function of the patients.

Objective To investigate the current demand of expectations of family members of children in transfusion room. Methods By means of a self-designed questionnaire, the survey researched the demands of family members of children from 5 dimensions,the waiting time, transfusion environment, the quality of nursing,humanistic care and health education, and drug and safekeeping of security.The total 401 valid data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi square test, single factor variance analysis. Results No significant difference was found on their perception for the waiting time (χ2=1.051, P>0.05) and appropriate waiting time ( χ2=0.883, P>0.05). But there were significant differences between medical guarantee types and environmental needs (F=2.972, P<0.05 ), as well as between monthly income and the humanistic care and health education demand(F=2.566, P<0.05). Conclusion The expectation of respondents are diverse, changeable, showing high consistency for basic expectation,differences between different groups, discontinuity in different phase.

Objective To study the effect of astrocyte-derived factors on the differentiation of neural stem cells from neonatal rats. Methods Neural stem cells from neonatal rats were isolated, cultured and expanded by neurosphere formation. Astrocytes were isolated and purified by a standard shaking method and the differential adhesion technique. With immunocytochemical labeling, the purity of astrocytes was determined by the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP). Astrocytes and neural stem cells were co-cultured without contact. Immunofluorescence examination was used to detect the effects of astrocyte-derived factors on the expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE), GFAP, and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) of the differentiated cells. Results The purified astrocytes were 98% of GFAP positive. Co-culturing the neurospheres with astrocytes promoted more neural stem cells rapidly differentiationinto NSE positive cells( P

Objective To find out easily-processed and longly-preservated nerve allograft transplantation which has not only no-obvious antigenicity,but the integral structure of intermal nerve membrane.Mehtods Acquire the nerve allografts under sterile condition,submerge them into 50 ,70 and 85 percent of glycerol for 3 hours respectively at 37 Centigrade degree,then put them into the containers which contain 85 percent of glycerol. After sealed and preservated at 5 Centigrade degree for 6 weeks,the processed nerves can be used for transplantation.Results 14 nerve allografts processed with glycerol were transplanted in 10 patients with nerve defects varying from 2.5 to 18 cm. After follow-up for 5 to 42 months,the effects were proved to be satisfactory.Conclusion It is obviously effective to transplant nerve allograft processed with glycerol and preservated for 6 weeks for bridging the defects of peripherall nerve through a series of clinical observations.

Purpose: To observe the efficacy of combined chemotherapy of navelbine( NVB) and cisplatin ( DDP) plus concurrent palliative local radiotherapy in the treatment of stage M, nasopharngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods: 21 cases of stage M, NPC received combined chemotherapy of NVB 25 mg/m2 on dl, d8 and DDP 30 mg/m2 on day 1-3. The therapy was repeated every 28 days. All patients were concurrenly treated with palliative radiotherapy for to the distant metastases areas. The radiotherapy dose varied from 15 to 60 Gy. Results: 1.The 1-, 2- and 3- year survival rates of the patients were 71.43%, 14.29% and 9.25% respectively. The median survival time ( MST) was 17 months. 2.The Cox Regression analysis showed that the effect of treatment and the liver invasion are significant prognostic factors. The survival rate is the highest in the patients with lung metastases. Conclusions: This scheme combined chemotherapy of NVB and DDP plus concurrent palliative local radiotherapy can improve the MST of the patients with stage M1 of NPC.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and hypokalemia and the effects of hypokalemia on prognosis. Methods Consecutive 216 cases with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI were divided into group A (serum potassium ＜ 3.5 mmol/L) and group B (serum potassium＞3.5 mmol/L). Infarct site, infarct interrelated artery, peak level of CK-MB and cTnT were compared between two groups. Post-infarctional angina pectoris, arrhythmia, heart failure and cardiac death were compared. Results (1 )The percentage of anterior wall myocardial infarction , left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [61.2%(41/67) vs. 44.3%(66/149),55.2%(37/67)vs. 38.9%(58/149),P = 0.022,0.026]. The peak levels of CK-MB and cTnT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [(194.39 ± 101.27) μg/L vs. (115.35 ±78.62)μg/L,(19.16 ±11.48)μg/L vs. (9.07 ±7.65) μg/L,P = 0.004,0.002].(2)Left ventricular ejection fraction in group A was significant lower than that in group B (P - 0.003). The incidence rates of post-infarctional angina pectoris, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and heart failure were significantly higher in group A [43.3%(29/67),32.8%(22/67), 11.9%(8/67),37.3%(25/67)] than those in group B [24.8%(37/149),18.1%(27/149),4.0%(6/149),20.8%(31/149)](P = 0.006, 0.017, 0.029, 0.010). Conclusions Hypokalemia is associated with infarct site and infarct interrelated artery. Hypokalemia has bad effect on prognosis of STEMI.

Objective To establish a method for the determi nation of emodin and chrysophanic acid in Compound Rhubarb Spray by HPLC.Methods The ODS column was applied.methanol∶water(87∶13)served as mobile phase.The detectio n wavelength was at 254nm and the flow r ate was 0.65ml /min.Results The average recovery of emodin was 99.48%with relative standard deviation being 1.75%(n=9)and the average recovery of chrysoph anic acid was 101.46%with rela-tive standard deviation being 2.85%(n=9).Conclusion The method was simple,rapid and reli able.It is suitable for the quality control of Compound Rhubarb Spray.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of chitosan injected intra-articular on cartilage degeneration of rabbits with osteoarthritis(OA).MethodsOA animal model was established by unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) in 18 rabbits.After operation,animals were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group with 9 rabbits in each group.The experimental group was treated with intra-articular injection of 0.3 ml of 2% chitosan every two weeks after operation.While,the control group was injected with 0.3 ml normal saline at the same time.All rabbits were killed at the 8th week.Cartilage degradation of femoral condyles was evaluated at macroscopic level and the changes of proteoglycan of articular cartilage matrix were detected by biochemical technique,and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1(MMP-1) was documented by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCartilage degradation in the control group was significantly more severe than that in the experimental group in macroscopic grading scale(P<0.05).The detection of proteoglycan showed that the quantity of glycosaminoglycans increased(P<0.01) and the chondroitin sulfate/keretan sulfate declined(P<0.05) in experimental group compared with that in the control group.Immunohistochemistry study showed that the expression of MMP-1 in the control group was significantly more severe than that in the experimental group(P<0.01).ConclusionChitosan can prevent cartilage degaradation and protect cartilage.